Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Blood derived products carry the risk of virus transmission, especially for the hepatitis B virus (HBV), non-A/non-B virus(es) (NANBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The precautionary measures for guaranteeing the virus safety of the pasteurized antithrombin III concentrate Kybernin HS/P are described and the efficacy of these measures is demonstrated by in vitro studies and by chimpanzee trials. The inactivation rate is greater than or equal to 10(6.7) for HIV, greater than or equal to 10(6.7) for HBV, and greater than or equal to 10(5.3) for NANBV (Hutchinson Pool). Clinically, virus safety was demonstrated by long-term drug surveillance as well as by both a retrospective and prospective clinical trial. The 13 participants of the prospective study were checked clinically and biochemically according to the standards of the International Committee of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ICTH). Within an observation period of 12 months, no seroconversion has been detected for HIV or HBV. Neither have any increases in the transaminases occurred which would indicate NANB hepatitis.
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PMID:Virus safety of a pasteurized antithrombin III concentrate. Preclinical and clinical data. 367 69

Biseko is prepared from pooled human plasma by specific stepwise adsorption of the coagulation factors avoiding spontaneous coagulation. Biseko is manufactured from pooled plasma from more than 1000 donors. In order to ensure its hepatitis safety, the starting plasma is cold sterilized by beta-propiolactone and UV-irradiation. The inhibitory and immunological profile of the cold sterilized Biseko was compared with another commercial serum preserve and normal serum. alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin and antithrombin III are present in Biseko and normal serum in their biologically active forms. A certain amount of the opsonin, fibronectin, is heparin-precipitable in normal serum and has thus retained its native character, while the fibronectin in the commercial serum preserve examined is not heparin-precipitable. Biseko contains fibronectin only in trace amounts. The IgG, IgA and IgM immunoglobulin concentrations and activities in the serum preserves are equivalent to those in normal serum. One major difference between normal serum and the cold sterilized Biseko is that metabolites from the coagulation pathways are absent in Biseko. Normal serum is not suitable for therapeutic purposes because of activated enzymes formed during coagulation. The chemical analysis of the protein pattern in Biseko resembles more fresh frozen plasma without coagulation factors than normal serum.
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PMID:[Inhibitory and immunological profile of therapeutic serum protein solutions]. 388 42

1. The metabolism of human antithrombin III (ATIII) was studied by using 125I-labelled tracer. 2. The plasma half-life (t0.5) was 2.71 +/- 0.26 days in normal subjects and was similar in patients with cirrhosis or primary carcinoma of liver. 3. Patients with cirrhosis had low ATIII levels, decreased intravascular mass, total body mass and decreased absolute catabolic rate, suggesting decreased synthesis. The positive correlation of ATIII level with fractional catabolic rate (K10) indicated that the decreased catabolic might exert a positive inhibition on ATIII production. 4. These abnormalities were more exaggerated in patients with macronodular cirrhosis associated with hepatitis surface antigen or in those with ascites. 5. In cirrhotic patients with ascites an additional extravascular pool of ATIII was present which did not turn over at the same rate as the intravascular pool. 6. Patients with primary carcinoma of liver had moderately low ATIII, but normal intravascular mass and total body mass because of the increased plasma volume and normal absolute catabolic rate. 7. The negative correlation of ATIII levels with K10 suggested that the low levels could be due to increased catabolism or consumption. 8. One patient with disseminated malignancy and active superficial thrombophlebitis had normal ATIII metabolism.
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PMID:Metabolism of antithrombin III in cirrhosis and carcinoma of the liver. 626 40

A single-step method is described for the isolation of a highly purified antithrombin III (AT III) concentrate at a recovery of over 30% using affinity chromatography on heparin-Sepharose (HS). The polyethylene glycol precipitation step frequently employed in the preparation of AT III concentrates for clinical use has been eliminated and purification is accomplished entirely by optimizing the salt concentration in the HS washing buffer to enhance the desorption of impurities prior to elution of AT III. Pasteurization of the AT III concentrate in the presence of 0.5 M sodium citrate to minimize the risk of hepatitis decreases the recovery by about 20% and induces changes in the patterns obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by crossed immunoelectrophoresis in heparinized agarose gel.
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PMID:A single-step method for the isolation of antithrombin III. 651 92

During a period when screening for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was performed by immunodiffusion using dextran-containing agarose gel, a diffuse precipitation (DP) zone was observed when citrate plasma samples were reacted with certain serum specimens. The DP reaction was noted with a significantly larger number of sera from patients with renal disorders, hepatitis, or certain other virus infections than with sera from apparently healthy blood donors, indicating that it was associated with some type of pathological condition. Highly purified fibrinogen used as detector reagent instead of plasma was sufficient to elicit a precipitation zone similar to that of the DP reaction. In the presence of coagulation inhibitors such as heparin, hirudin and antithrombin III the DP reaction was inhibited, suggesting that the precipitation zone represents coagulation. Cross-linked fibrin was demonstrated in the precipitates of DP-positive sera but not in the corresponding zone of a DP-negative serum.
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PMID:Fibrin formation induced in agarose gel in the presence of plasma by sera from patients with certain diseases. 679 95

To evaluate the usefulness of antithrombin III (AT III) and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor (alpha 2PI) in early differential diagnosis of fulminant hepatitis from the severe form of acute hepatitis, the activities of AT III and alpha 2PI were measured in plasma of 15 patients with fulminant hepatitis and 6 patients with severe form of acute hepatitis. The activities of prothrombin time (PT), hepaplastintest (HPT) and thrombotest (TT) were also evaluated. The mean values and the standard errors (SE) for PT, HPT and TT were 21.1 +/- 2.6%, 14.0 +/- 1.6% and 10.3 +/- 1.7%, respectively, in the early stage of fulminant hepatitis and 25.3 +/- 2.4%, 21.6 +/- 4.6% and 15.8 +/- 3.6%, respectively, in the severe form of acute hepatitis. No significant difference in the tests between these two diseases was noted. On the other hand, the mean values +/- SE for AT III and alpha 2PI were 13.7 +/- 4.6% and 25.6 +/- 8.6% in fulminant hepatitis and 70.2 +/- 28.5% and 98.7 +/- 9.7% in the severe form of acute hepatitis. A significant difference between the two diseases was observed. From the above, it is concluded that measuring AT III and alpha 2PI along with PT, HPT and TT is useful for early diagnosis of fulminant hepatitis.
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PMID:Usefulness of antithrombin III and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor in early differentiation of fulminant hepatitis and severe form of acute hepatitis. 685 39

Activity of kallikrein, content of prekallikrein, antitryptic and BAEE-esterase activities as well as content of alpha 1-antitrypsin and heparin were studied in blood serum of patients with the B type of serum hepatitis (SH) of various severity. Presence of kallikrein in the active form, increase in content of prekallikrein, distinct increase in BAEE-esterase and antitryptic activities as well as in content of alpha 1-antitrypsin and heparin were observed in blood serum of the patients with middle and severe forms of the impairment. Severe form of the hepatitis complicated with the acute liver encephalopathy was characterized by the radically new state exhibiting further increase in activity of free kallikrein, decrease in content of prekallikrein as well as in BAEE-esterase activity as compared with middle and severe forms of SH not complicated with the acute liver encephalopathy. Immunochemical analyses showed distinct decrease in the content of alpha 1-antitrypsin in blood serum of the patients with SH impaired also by acute liver encephalopathy. Besides, high level of the antitryptic activity was observed in severe forms of the hepatitis both with the encephalopathy and without of its. Further increase in the activity of free heparin was found in all the three forms of SH. Elevation of the antithrombin III inhibitory activity in presence of heparin was apparently responsible for an increase in the antitryptic activity under conditions of severe forms of SH when content of alpha 1-antitrypsin decreased. Activation of the kinin system and decrease in the alpha 1-antitrypsin synthesis, caused by destructive processes in liver tissue, are considered as factors deteriorating the disease development.
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PMID:[Kallikrein and prekallikrein content and antitryptic activity in the blood serum in serum hepatitis of varying degrees of severity]. 697 40

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect hepatitis C (HCV) viral sequences (HCV-RNA) in clotting factor concentrates that had been stored at 4 degrees C for 1 to 16 years. A total of 43 concentrates were tested, comprising 31 batches of factor VIII, 6 of factor IX, 2 of antithrombin III, 3 of FEIBA, and 1 of factor VII. HCV-RNA was detected in 13 of the 43 batches (30.2%). Concentrates that had not undergone viral inactivation during manufacture were significantly more likely to contain detectable HCV-RNA than concentrates that had been virally inactivated (56.3% v 14.5%, P = .006). HCV sequences were more commonly detected in concentrates made from paid donor plasma than in those made from volunteer donor plasma (44% v 11%, P = .041), and more commonly in virally inactivated concentrates with pre-1989 than with post-1989 expiration dates (50% v 0%, P = .004). Of the four batches of heat-treated products that were HCV-RNA positive, at least three transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH). An association between the presence of HCV-RNA in concentrates and the development of NANBH was demonstrated in nine previously untreated patients on prospective follow-up. HCV-RNA was detected in the concentrates administered to the six patients whose alanine aminotransferase (ALT) abnormalities met the diagnostic criteria for NANBH and who later seroconverted for HCV, but it was not detected in the concentrates administered to the three patients whose ALT abnormalities failed to satisfy the diagnostic criteria and who did not seroconvert. We suggest that the use of this PCR technique to monitor clotting factor concentrates derived from pooled blood may potentially contribute to product safety.
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PMID:Hepatitis C viral RNA in clotting factor concentrates and the development of hepatitis in recipients. 838 99

Plasma levels of prothrombin fragment F 1 + 2 (PTF) and thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) were assayed in 86 cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). A significant elevation of both parameters was observed in most cases of DIC, which suggested that the in vivo generation of thrombin is highly accelerated by the cleavage of the prothrombin molecule by factor Xa. On the contrary, no significant elevation of plasma levels of PTF was observed in cases of DIC with severe hepatic failure or fulminant hepatitis in spite of significant elevation of TAT. Plasma levels of PTF were directly proportional to those of TAT in 86 cases of DIC as a whole (r = 0.682, p < 0.001). The measurement of both parameters was considered to be useful to estimate the hemostatic activation in DIC.
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PMID:Changes in plasma levels of prothrombin fragment F 1 + 2 in cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation. 848 Apr 81

Coagulation assays, including platelet counts, antithrombin III, fibrinogen, fibrinogen degradation product levels, prothrombin (PT), activated partial thromboplastin (APTT) and activated clotting times (ACT), were performed on 20 healthy juvenile northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) stranded along the central California coastline from 15 March to 15 April 1994, to establish baseline parameters for this species. Elephant seals appear to have relatively short ACT, PT, and APTT times, while fibrinogen, platelet and antithrombin III levels are similar to domestic species. Based on these mean values in healthy animals, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was diagnosed in an elephant seal with low plasma fibrinogen and extended ACT, PT and APTT times; this animal had hemorrhages, mixed bacterial suppurative interstitial pneumonia with verminous arteritis, epicarditis, hepatitis and enterocolitis.
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PMID:Baseline coagulation assay values for northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris), and disseminated intravascular coagulation in this species. 882 84


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