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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The maternal and fetal outcomes of 50 pregnancies complicated by acute viral hepatitis were examined. Twenty (40%) cases were due to type B hepatitis virus. The clinical course of the maternal hepatitis was unaffected by the pregnant state. Maternal hepatitis (type B or nontype B) had no effect on the incidence of congenital malformations, stillbirths, abortions, or intrauterine malnutrition; it did increase the incidence of prematurity (type B 31.6%; nontype B 25%; overall 27.6%) over that seen in the general delivery population (10 to 11%). Eight mothers acquired acute type B hepatitis during the third trimester; two of their infants (25%) were found to be chronic asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen and to have mild, persistent elevations of SGOT for up to 45 months.
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PMID:Hepatitis and pregnancy. 56 34

We discuss an infant with hepatitis and hypermethioninemia. An inborn error of metabolism, such as methionine adenosyltransferase deficiency or hereditary tyrosinemia, was originally thought to be the basis for these abnormalities. The infant's subsequent clinical course, however, was incompatible with such a diagnosis; the hypermethioninemia was instead due to the trilogy of prematurity, hepatitis, and a high-protein, high-methionine diet.
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PMID:Hypermethioninemia in an infant. 56 5

In the years 1970 to 1975 90 out of 75213 women had the delivery in the infections delivery-room of the Municipal Clinics Berlin-Buch on account of suspected hepatitis infectiosa, i.e. 1,2 0/00. There was an increased prematurity in 15,6%, dysmaturity in 7,8% as well as necessity for operative delivery indicated by the child itself in 10%. That means a reduced function of placenta. In no case a specific damage to the child was to be found.
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PMID:[Effect of pathological liver values in late pregnancy on the course of pregnancy and on the status of the child]. 65 59

Problems of pregnancy in patients with liver disease are discussed. The effects of pregnancy on the disease course are generally limited to triggering of intensifiying icterus and pruritus; intrahepatic cholestasis may also occur. Increased incidences of miscarriage and prematurity have been reported in patients with liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, cholestasis, and Dubin-Johnson syndrome, which is hereditary, and viral hepatitis in early pregnancy (increased incidence of chromosome abnormalities). Liver diseases constitute a relative indication for abortion, depending on the general state of the mother's health and her desire for the child. Problems of diagnosis and treatment are also considered.
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PMID:[Pregnancy in liver diseases]. 112 34

7 cases of pruritus in pregnancy are reported and their laboratory findings compared with a group of normal pregnant women; then pruritus is reviewed with respect to diagnosis, pathogenesis, therapy, and prognosis. The 7 women developed pruritus in 28-38 weeks of typically the 2nd pregnancy, although during oral contraception in 1 woman. The frequency was about 2/1000 pregnancies. Lab findings suggestive of cholestasis included normal prothrombin, elevated transaminaes, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, and slowed BSP clearance. None of these women had any history of hepatitis, medication, or positive Australia antigen. It is important in diagnosis to rule out infections, toxic or iatrogenic hepatitis, and especially herpes gestationis, which is teratogenic. Pruritus of pregnancy is identical to that seen during oral contraception, i.e., it is a less severe form of cholestatsis than jaundice. It can be treated with cholestyramine, or will regress spontaneously after delivery, but may cause prematurity.
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PMID:[Significance of pruritus during pregnancy. Relations with the hepatic disorders of gestation]. 113 31

Twelve pregnant women and one woman who had just given birth were hospitalized with measles in Houston between 1988 and 1990. The most common and serious maternal complication was pneumonitis (seven patients). Other maternal complications included hepatitis (seven patients), premature labor (four patients), spontaneous abortion (one patient), and death (one patient). For four of 13 patients, all of whom had severe measles and pneumonitis due to measles virus, an adverse fetal outcome such as abortion or prematurity was associated with their conditions. Historical accounts describing maternal sequelae of measles have suggested more severe disease in pregnant women, although this observation has not always been confirmed by more recent reports in developed countries. The clinical course in our patients suggests that measles during pregnancy may be associated with serious complications.
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PMID:Complications of measles during pregnancy. 162 85

Perinatal transmission of hepatitis B (HB) virus occurs if the mother has had acute HB infection during late pregnancy or in the first months postpartum, or if the mother is a chronic HB antigen carrier. Vertical transmission from chronic carriers exceeds 90% and accounts for up to 40% of the world chronic carriers in endemic areas. Hepatitis in pregnancy is not associated with increased abortion rate, stillbirth, or congenital malformation. However, prematurity seems to be increased if hepatitis is acquired in the last trimester. Sixty percent of pregnant women who acquire acute HB infections at or near delivery will transmit the HB virus to their offspring. Although infection is rarely symptomatic, 70 to 90% of the babies will remain chronically infected into adult life and be prone to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of such high risks and the safety and efficacy (seroconversion 90 to 100%) of HB vaccine in preventing HB infection, it is recommended that HB vaccine be given to pregnant women at high risk. However, its safety to the fetus is not well documented. Only one human study reports the safety and efficacy of Heptavax, but only when administered (to 72 pregnant women) in the last trimester of pregnancy when embryopathy cannot occur. We report pregnancy outcome in ten women, mostly health care personnel or patients traveling to endemic areas exposed to the vaccine during the first trimester of pregnancy. No congenital abnormalities were observed and all the infants are physically and developmentally normal for their ages at 2 to 12 months. Although small, this cohort suggests safe use of the vaccine in early pregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hepatitis B vaccine in pregnancy: maternal and fetal safety. 182 84

The obstetric records of 430 Hmong and other Southeast Asian refugee women were retrospectively reviewed from January 1, 1977 to July 1, 1988. All patients gave birth in two hospitals in a midwestern community, La Crosse, Wisconsin. Lack of medical care for early pregnancy complications, late onset of obstetric care, anemia, and high rates of parasites and hepatitis occurred frequently in pregnancy. Admission in advanced labor, a low operative delivery rate (6%), and a higher prematurity rate characterized intrapartum care. Birthweight data revealed statistically significantly smaller infants after 38 weeks' gestation. Postpartum febrile morbidity and neonatal complications were rare. Cultural differences and their effects on obstetric care are discussed.
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PMID:Obstetric care of a Southeast Asian refugee population in a midwestern community. 221 70

The results of the analysis of 3.111 patients admitted to the hospital with hepatitis A (HA) were reported. The serodiagnosis of acute type A hepatitis was confirmed by presence of IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus (IgM anti-HAV) detected by solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA HAVAB-M, Abbott). The majority of patients were between 11-15 (24%) and 21-30 (25%) years of age and even 15% of a total number were older than 30 years. The number of males and females with HA was not significantly different and the minority of patients were admitted during the summer. A few of the admitted patients had a history of anicteric form of the disease (14%), while most (80%) were icteric. Only 6% of the affected patients had severe form of HA and no fulminant form of hepatitis among them occurred. The relapsing HA (RHA) was observed even in 308 (10%) of the patients, which did not alter the benign prognosis of HA. Forty three chronic HBV carriers were found to be infected with HAV and this did not cause more severe disease or influence adversely the course of chronic HBV infection. Nine pregnant women with HA in the third trimester of pregnancy had no severe form of the disease, but HA significantly increased the average incidence of prematurity (27%:10%). Although HA is neither severe illness nor one with important sequelae, it remains a frequent cause of morbidity. Therefore, a wide program of effective vaccination should be applied.
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PMID:[Hepatitis A--results of the analysis of 3,111 hospitalized patients]. 279 73

Given the basic prejudice that breastfeeding is superior to bottle feeding, this article outlines proper behavior of clinicians in educating, supporting, and preparing mothers who want to breastfeed their infants. The discussion is broken down into clinician's behavior in the prenatal, intrapartum, and follow-up periods of breastfeeding practice. Prenatally, the obstetrician should educate the mother and should examine the woman for contraindications to breastfeeding, taking care to correct those which are correctable (such as psychological blocks on the part of the mother to handling her breasts or physiological problems with nipple construction). The only absolute contraindications to breastfeeding are maternal hepatitis and maternal herpes simplex virus type 1. During the intrapartum period, physicians should make the mother aware of breastfeeding techniques. In this article, hints on what to do when confronted with engorgement, nipple confusion, sore nipples, jaundice, twin birth or caesarean birth, prematurity, retained placenta, and other infectious diseases are provided. In all cases, lactation should proceed. Topics affecting follow-up include the practice of prolonged lactation for contraception (ineffective) and the weaning of children. A special section on working and nursing counsels women that the 2 functions are not mutually exclusive.
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PMID:Returning to breast-feeding. 700 94


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