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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cost effectiveness was compared between substitution with autologous blood, implying no risk of transmission of diseases, and homologous blood, with a definite risk of transmission. Primary and revision hip arthroplasties were included in this study, as well as scoliosis operations. The risk of contracting chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) was included in the calculations of the long-term economic consequences of a transmittable disease. Our study showed that predonated blood alone, with a donation of up to four units, was the most suitable and cost-effective method for substitution of blood losses up to about 2.5-3 liters A combination of predonated blood and intraoperative autotransfusion was more suitable and less expensive for substituting blood losses of 2.5 liters or more. Homologous blood was the least cost-effective alternative considering the influence of non-A, non-B hepatitis.
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PMID:Cost effectiveness of blood substitution in elective orthopedic operations. 195 Apr 86

This study presented a retrospective analysis of the incidence and clinical course of non-A, non-B hepatitis in patients after receiving homologous blood transfusion for elective spine deformity surgery, at Sahlgren Hospital. The medical records of all patients who underwent surgical procedures for scoliosis and spondylolisthesis between January 1, 1971 and December 31, 1986 were reviewed. From this group, 918 patients with negative medical histories for prior homologous blood transfusion, hepatitis, or the exposure to hepatotoxic medications were selected. All of the patients received two or more units of homologous blood and were followed for at least 1 year postoperatively. Eight hundred fifty-nine (94%) of the patients were either personally interviewed or contacted by mail. The group included 697 scoliosis patients (average age 16.2) and 162 spondylolisthesis patients (average age, 16.8). The scoliosis and spondylolisthesis patients received an average of 5.6 and 3.4 units of homologous blood, respectively. Three patients (0.35%) developed posttransfusion hepatitis, all non-A non-B. The incubation period was 9 to 12 weeks. Presenting symptoms varied widely, ranging from no symptoms to marked icterus. Two of the three patients went on to develop chronic persistent hepatitis, which was confirmed by liver biopsy. The incidence identified in this retrospective study was low when compared with an overall incidence of 4 to 15%, as presented in several larger prospective studies. Non-A, non-B hepatitis is a major risk associated with the homologous transfusion of blood and must be considered one of the more serious complications in surgery for spinal deformity.
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PMID:Transfusion-related non-A, non-B hepatitis in elective spine deformity surgery patients in Gothenburg, Sweden. 250 52

Although 50% of Indochinese refugees are under 18 years of age, previous studies have emphasized the prevalence of parasites, anemia, tuberculosis, and hepatitis, with few addressing age-related health care needs. In this study the specific health care needs of 80 Indochinese refugee teenagers, evaluated during a 4-year period, were determined. The Centers for Disease Control's suggested screening measures were used, and it was found that 52% had positive purified protein derivative skin tests, 38% lacked immunizations, 35% had stool specimens positive for parasites (prevalence and number of parasites greatest among Cambodians), 14% had blood tests positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, and 10% were anemic. Additional evaluations showed that 19% had hemoglobinopathies, 14% were in or below the fifth percentile for height and weight, 12% had goiters, 12% had skin disorders, 8% had positive hepatitis B surface antigen, 5% had visual defects, 5% had hearing loss, 5% had psychosomatic illness, and 4% had idiopathic scoliosis. Although suggested Centers for Disease Control screening measures may be adequate for younger Indochinese children, these data suggest that additional studies are necessary for teenagers. For the sexually active adolescent, identification of and counseling for hepatitis antigenemia and hemoglobinopathies are crucial. In addition, early identification of emotional and physical problems during screening may enhance assimilation into a new society and facilitate completion of the psychosocial tasks of adolescence.
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PMID:Health care needs of Indochinese refugee teenagers. 379 58

The use of autologous blood is a well established and extremely popular technique to decrease the necessity for homologous transfusions and the attendant risks of hepatitis, HIV, and HTLV--I/II infections. The most beneficial timing for autologous reinfusion of predonated blood remains unknown. The present study was undertaken to determine the optimal timing of autologous blood reinfusion in elective spinal surgery. Fifty-seven patients were prospectively individually randomly allocated into early versus delayed reinfusion groups prior to undergoing elective spinal surgery by a single surgeon. Three surgical subgroups were entered into the study: anterior/posterior (A/P) spinal fusion patients, posterior thoracolumbar scoliosis fusion patients (PSF), and degenerative posterior lumbar fusion patients (LF). Randomization was successful in that three was no significant difference in male to female ratio, age, preoperative hemoglobin, or number of units predonated between the early and delayed reinfusion groups. Likewise, there was no significant difference in the details of the operative procedure when compared as a group for the early versus delayed reinfusion groups. A significant increase in the postoperative day #1, 2 and 3 hemoglobin was seen in the early reinfusion group, while there was no significant difference seen in the postoperative day #7 hemoglobin between the early versus delayed reinfusion group. There was no effect of surgical grouping on these significant comparisons. Earlier patient mobilization was also seen in the early reinfusion groups for the A/P and PSF groups. There was no difference in patients' subjective evaluation of satisfaction and discomfort between the early or delayed reinfusion groups as determined by blinded interview on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 postoperatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Early versus late replacement of autotransfused blood in elective spinal surgery. A prospective randomized study. 836 75

This article explored the notion that media depictions of health concerns come in one of two formats: challenge and stigma. After explicating the five features that should appear in challenge format and the seven features of stigma formats, we analyzed the content of health messages in magazines, brochures, and posters (n = 75) in a metropolitan area. The results of a two-factor confirmatory factor model showed that the five suggested features for challenge formats did, indeed, appear together (alpha = .76), and the seven features for stigma formats, also, appeared together (alpha = .90), and showed no residual relationship. In other words, the results suggest that media depictions of health topics appear in either challenge or stigma formats (r = - .87). Health issues appearing in magazine advertisements and articles presented messages in challenge formats, while brochures and posters from largely nonprofit and government groups depicted health issues in stigma formats. Some health topics appeared most often in challenge formats (including cancer, heart disease, and scoliosis), while others appeared in stigma formats (including tuberculosis, hepatitis, smoking, and sexually transmitted diseases [STDs]). Findings suggest that media depictions of health differ, and the implications of stigma and challenge formats are discussed.
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PMID:Media depictions of health topics: challenge and stigma formats. 1749 78