Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-nine patients with severe aplastic anemia, 33 due to unknown cause, 11 drug or chemical related, 2 associated with hepatitis, 1 with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and 2 possibly associated with Fanconi syndrome did not show recovery after 0.5-96 (median 2) mo of conventional therapy. Twenty-two were infected and 21 were refractory to random platelet transfusions at the time of admission. All were given marrow grafts from HLA-identical siblings. Forty-five were conditioned for grafting by cyclophosphamide (CY), 50 mg/kg on each of 4 successive days, and four by 1000 rad total body irradiation. All were given intermittent methotrexate therapy within the first 100 days of grafting to modify graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Three patients died from infection too early to evaluate (days 1-8). Forty-six had marrow engraftment. Of these, 20 are surviving with good peripheral blood counts between 186 and 999 days, and 18 have returned to normal activities. Chronic GCHD is a problem in five. Twelve patients died of infection following rejection of the marrow graft. Twelve patients died with bacterial or fungal infections or interstitial pneumonia and active GVHD or soon following resolution of GVHD. Two patients died with marrow engraftment and no GVHD, one with an interstitial, and the other with a bacterial pneumonia. Thirty-six patients who had received random donor blood transfusions were randomly assigned to receive either CY or procarbazine-antithymocyte globulin-CY as conditioning regimens to test whether the incidence of graft rejection could be decreased. There was no difference in the incidence of graft rejection between the two regimens. In 13 patients with rejection, second transplants were attempted either with the original marrow donor (9 patients) or another HLA-identical sibling (4 patients). Three of these transplants were not evaluable, seven were unsuccessful and three were successful with only one of the three surviving for more than 468 days. In conclusion, the long-term survival of 41% of the patients in the present study is similar to that achieved in our first 24 patients, and confirms the importance of marrow transplantation for the treatment of severe aplastic anemia. Marrow graft rejection, GVHD, and infections continue to be the major causes of failure.
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PMID:Aplastic anemia treated by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: a report on 49 new cases from Seattle. 1 59

Rubella antibody titers were determined pretransplant and then serially posttransplantation in 52 consecutive patients whose renal allografts survived at least three months. Group A patients (18) had antibody titers greater than or equal to 1:128 in the posttransplant period. Group B (24) had intermediate antibody titers that never rose higher than 1:64. Group C (10) consistently had antibody titers less than 1:8. Group A did not differ from groups B and C with respect to age, race, sex, type of transplant, underlying renal disease, or maximum complement fixation antibody titers posttransplant to cytomegalovirus or herpes simplex virus, type 1. Group A did differ from groups B and C in its frequency of hepatitis, chronic liver disease, episodes of late rejection (greater than or equal to 21 days after transplant), transplant nephrectomy required for rejection, infections whose defense involves intact cell-mediated immunity, and the number of late rejection episodes per patient. Mechanisms underlying these associations are not known but apparently are not related to HLA phenotype.
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PMID:Rubella antibodies and adverse events late after renal transplantation. 36 6

Twenty-five patients with chronic active hepatitis triggered by external factors (viruses or drugs) and 20 patients with cryptogenic chronic active hepatitis were studied for two to five years. The first group showed a significantly higher frequency of clinical and biochemical resolution at the end of the observation period than did the second group. The group with cryptogenic disease had a predominance of females carrying the histocompatibility antigen HLA-B8, whereas the group with virus- or drug-induced hepatitis did not differ from normal controls in regard to the distribution of HLA antigens. HLA-B8 and HLA-B12 were found in all but two patients in the group with cryptogenic hepatitis; this group of patients had elevated levels of gamma-globulin and autoantibodies in their sera more frequently than did the group with virus- or drug-induced disease. The results suggest that there are at least two types of chronic active hepatitis: one genetically determined, with signs of enhanced immunoreactivity and with a low degree of healing in five years; and another type triggered by external factors and without predisposing genetic factors. The data suggest that the clinical outcome is more favorable for patients with the second type of chronic active hepatitis.
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PMID:Outcome of chronic active hepatitis: influence of histocompatibility antigens and triggering factors. 62 39

42 patients (33 males and 9 females) with chromic active hepatitis (CAH) mostly HBsAg+, were typed for 24 alleles of the A and B loci. Diagnosis was performed according to the criteria outlined by the European Association for the Study of the Liver. The increased frequency of HLA-A3 (47.6% instead of 19.1% in 266 healthy controls) is significant after correction. The relative risk is 3.83. The phenotypic association A3/Bw35 is also increased (28.5% instead of 6.0 in the control group). The risk of the A3/Bw35 association is 6.25. The risk of A3 calculated in patients lacking Bw35 is 1.6. A family study in 5 patients over 5 showed an haplotype A3/Bw35.
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PMID:HLA and chronic active hepatitis. 86 31

New own data and a survey of published data concerning the frequencies of 23 HLA antigens in patients with HBsAg positive and negative chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and healthy carriers of Hepatitis-surface antigen (HBsAg) and high titers of antibodies to HBaAg (Anti-HBs) allow to conclude as follows: 1. Patients with CAH and persistence of HBsAg show a normal frequency of HLA-B8. 2. There is no increased frequency of HLA-B8 in HBsAg negative CAH without autoimmune antibodies. 3. Only in patients with HBsAg negative CAH with autoimmune antibodies is the frequency of HLA-B8 is statistically significantly increased (p less than 0.01 after correction for the number of antigens and different groups of patients compared). These are patients with the autoimmune form of CAH. 4. There exist no significant differences in the frequencies of the HLA antigens tested in patients with HBsAg positive CAH and healthy carriers of HBsAg and Anti-HBs. Thus no indications could be found for HLA-associated factors in the different behaviour to the hepatitis-B virus.
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PMID:[Histocompatibility-(HLA) antigens in patients with HBsAg positive and negative hepatitis and healthy carriers of HBsAg and anti-HBs. (author's transl)]. 94 Feb 93

Use of ABO matched, HLA nonmatched platelet units obtained from single donors by pheresis, using the Haemonetics 30 Cell Separator, has a lowered hepatitis risk, and possibly delays the onset of the refractory state. Pheresis also offers a method of obtaining HLA matched platelets for the already refractory patient. A mean of 4.2 X 10(11) platelets are collected in about 1 1/2 hours. ABO matched, HLA nonmatched platelets produced corrected increments of more than 2500/mm3 per 7 X 10(10) platelets infused in 67 per cent of transfusions to nonselected recipients. The procedure is simple, safe, and requires little time. It is a worthwhile large-scale program for a regional blood center to undertake in order to provide optimal therapy for thrombocytopenic patients.
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PMID:Statewide support of thrombocytopenic patients with ABO matched single donor platelets. 95 26

During HBAg positive acute viral hepatitis transitory antibodies of a low titer against smooth muscle, vascular endothelium, nuclei, and liver cell membrane antigens (polygonal pattern of immunofluorescence) occur. In HBAg positive chronic aggressive hepatitis, sometimes antibodies against nuclei or smooth muscle are associated with HBAg. Their occurrence heralds an unfavorable prognosis. High titer antibodies against nuclei and smooth muscle - a typical serology finding in lupoid chronic aggressive hepatitis - and mitochondrial antibodies have not been observed in a HBAg positive hepatitis. Subdividing chronic hepatitis in six different groups is possible with HBAg and antibodies. The predominance of histocompatability antigen HLA 8 in lupoid hepatitis and a lack of this leukocyte antigen in HGAg positive chronic aggressive hepatitis suggests that in the various forms of hepatitis, a different susceptability and capability for immune response towards microorganism is reflected. It is postulated that for course and outcome of hepatitis, the type of immune reaction plays a decisive role.
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PMID:[Humoral immune phenomena in acute and chronic viral hepatitis (author's transl)]. 108 Oct 70

We have recently developed a new colorimetric method, DNA enzyme immunoassay (DEIA), for detecting specific hybrids of complementary nucleic acids. This technology is based on an antibody that selectively recognizes double, but not single-stranded DNA. The molecule does not react with a specific probe immobilized on microwells through an avidin-biotin bridge, nor with non-specific amplified sequences, since they are removed by washing. The antibody reveals the hybridization event, independently of the DNA sequences and, for this reason, the method is broadly applicable and extremely versatile. Although we chose a format based on the immobilization of the probe through an avidin-biotin interaction, DEIA assay can also be applied to other analytical schemes that do not require any modification of the probe. Most importantly, the test has an ELISA format and is rapid and convenient for processing large numbers of samples. This technology has been applied, in our laboratory, to different areas, including virology, genetic and basic immunology. The DEIA assay has been successfully used to detect the presence of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) sequences in serum of patients, to discriminate different HLA alleles, to identify mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis gene, and to investigate the role of the T cell receptor in some immunological diseases. The results obtained in all our experiments demonstrated that the advantages offered by the assay do not penalize its analytical performance as compared to conventional Southern blot.
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PMID:Non-radioisotopic methods for DNA probes. 133 35

The human herpes virus 6 (HHV 6) may induce not only the wellknown condition of exanthem subitum, but also a number of more common (cf. Part 1) or rare, even previously unknown, clinical manifestations. Part 2 of this paper deals with the more rarely observed manifestations. These include complications of ARD (sinusitis, otitis media, bronchial pneumonia) hepatitis, encephalitis or Pfeiffer's disease (mononucleosis-like syndrome). In individuals with a relevant disposition (genetic HLA/DR type?) initiation or (re-)activation of rheumatoid arthritis (JCA = juvenile chronic arthritis) or chronic iridocyclitis may occur. Although, on account of the high prevalence of vaccination in our population (approximately 95%), prenatal infections are extremely rare, they may manifest in a severe "septic" form (fatalities have occurred) or may lead to neurological deficits (comparable with cytomegalovirus infection). To date, no specific therapy (e.g. gammaglobulin, virostatics) or reliable preventive measures (e.g. vaccination) are available.
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PMID:[Infections with herpesvirus 6--really only "exanthema subitum"? Part 2: Rare or unknown disease pictures]. 133 53

Fifty-one patients with autoimmune hepatitis have been studied for HLA association by conventional serology and also by modified polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) genotyping. HLA-DR4 was significantly associated with autoimmune hepatitis (46 of 51 patients, 90.2%). DNA typing of the DRB1 gene for 43 DR4-positive patients by using the PCR-RFLP technique revealed that of 43 patients, 33 had DRB1*0405 (Dw15), five had DRB1*0406 (DwKT2), four had DRB1*0403 (Dw13a), two had DRB1*0401 (Dw4), two of 43 had DRB1*0407 (Dw13b) and one had DRB1*0408 (Dw14b). Thus, there was no significant difference in Dw frequencies between DR4-positive patients and DR4-positive healthy subjects. These findings suggest that the DR4-specific sequence (Val 11 and His 13 at amino acid positions 11 and 13, respectively), but not particular Dw-associated DR4 sequence, in the first domain of the DRB1 chain contributes to susceptibility to autoimmune hepatitis among Japanese. Interestingly, all five of the DR4-negative patients had the DR2 specificity (DRB1*1502 or 1601). Taken together, these results imply that the basic amino acids at position 13, which is present only on the DR2 and DR4 B1 molecules (Arg on DR2 and His on DR4), are most important for determining the predisposition to autoimmune hepatitis.
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PMID:A possible association between basic amino acids of position 13 of DRB1 chains and autoimmune hepatitis. 135 Feb 67


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