Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two hundred two patients with hemophilia, dependent solely on imported coagulation factor concentrates, were tested for markers of hepatitis B virus infection, antibody to hepatitis delta virus (anti-HD), and antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV). Nine carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were identified. Six (66.7%) of them were positive for anti-HD, a prevalence much higher than that in HBsAg carriers without hemophilia in Japan (1/113 or 0.9%, p less than 0.001). Anti-HIV was found in 96 (47.5%), in sharp contrast to the low prevalence (0/1205) in apparently healthy blood donors (p less than 0.001). These results implicated imported plasma products in the transmission of both delta and human immunodeficiency viruses to hemophiliacs. An efficient method for the sterilization of plasma products is warranted to prevent exposure of hemophiliacs to the accompanying pathogenic viruses.
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PMID:Infection with hepatitis delta and human immunodeficiency viruses among hemophiliacs in Japan. 334 Oct 58

Liver function was studied in 139 of 291 haemophiliacs known to a single Regional Haemophilia Centre including patients with classical haemophilia, Christmas disease and von Willebrand's disease. In 57 patients, six-monthly liver function tests over a five year period were also available. Thirty-nine of the 139 patients had had jaundice or hepatitis and 56 had a positive test for HBsAb in the blood although few of these had had an identifiable clinical illness. Fifty-eight haemophiliacs had elevated serum aminotransferases at the time of study, but the five year review revealed only six patients who had had persistently abnormal results, although none had clinically evident liver disease. Liver dysfunction was unrelated to a history of hepatitis, to a positive HBsAb test, or to age, type of haemophilia, factor level or frequency of factor replacement treatment. Abnormalities of liver function in haemophilia appear to be unrelated to past or present hepatitis B infection in most cases and may not be related to any single transmitted infectious agent.
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PMID:Liver dysfunction in haemophilia. 373 67

Factor IX is the precursor of a serine protease that functions in the intrinsic blood clotting pathway. Deficiencies in this plasma glycoprotein result in haemophilia B (or Christmas disease) and occur in about 1 in 30,000 males. Patients are currently treated with fresh frozen plasma or prothrombin complex concentrates prepared from pooled plasma from normal individuals. There are several problems with this method of treatment, including the probable exposure of the patients to contaminants such as the viral agents responsible for hepatitis and AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). As a first step towards an alternative source of pure human factor IX, we report here on the use of recombinant DNA techniques to produce biologically active factor IX in cultured mammalian cells. Stable cell lines were produced by cotransfecting a baby hamster kidney (BHK) cell line with a plasmid containing a gene for factor IX and a plasmid containing a selectable marker. Protein secreted by these cell lines reduces the clotting time of plasma from factor IX-deficient patients. We present additional evidence that this protein is authentic human factor IX.
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PMID:Expression of active human factor IX in transfected cells. 389 76

This report describes a carrier of haemophilia A who developed fulminant non-A, non-B hepatitis after transfusion with cryoprecipitate. She survived, but developed chronic active hepatitis.
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PMID:Acute fulminant non-A, non-B hepatitis leading to chronic active hepatitis after treatment with cryoprecipitate. 392 49

The treatment of haemophilia has been dramatically improved since the introduction of factor VIII and IX concentrates, however these concentrates have brought new problems such as hepatitis and A.I.D.S. An oral agent which could raise endogenous levels of factor VIII and IX would be of great benefit. Danazol, an anabolic steroid, has recently been shown to increase levels of factors VIII and IX in haemophilia. We therefore studied the effect of stanozolol, a closely related anabolic steroid, in 15 patients with haemophilia A or Christmas disease over a 2-4 week period. There was no consistent change in factor VIIIc or factor IX, and fibrinolysis was significantly enhanced. No effect was apparent on the incidence of spontaneous bleeds. However serum aminotransferases which were abnormal in 11 of the 15 patients at the start of the study fell significantly with stanozolol therapy. This raises the interesting possibility that anabolic steroids may be beneficial in patients with chronic liver diseases.
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PMID:Effect of stanozolol on factors VIII and IX and serum aminotransferases in haemophilia. 393 Dec 87

This study evaluated the prevalence of hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) infections in various groups of HBsAg carriers including drug addicts and patients with hemophilia in the Federal Republic of Germany. HDV was found only occasionally (less than 1%) in individuals found HBsAg positive during an examination as potential blood donors or in hemodialysis patients, but in 3% in patients with chronic hepatitis and up to 50% in drug addicts and hemophilia patients. These findings are in agreement with data reported from other European countries. Presence of antibodies to HDV in two hemodialysis patients indicates the presence of HDV in this group and screening for HDV infections in hemodialysis units is indicated to prevent outbreaks of this disease in HBsAg-positive patients with possibly serious consequences.
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PMID:Epidemiological studies on the prevalence of hepatitis Delta virus infections in the Federal Republic of Germany. 395 74

Hepatitis delta virus is a defective virus that can replicate only in the presence of hepatitis B virus. To determine the prevalence, circumstances of transmission, and clinical importance of infection with hepatitis delta virus, we obtained data on 262 patients with post-transfusion hepatitis who were positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) even though they had received blood screened for it. We also studied 94 HBsAg carriers who were receiving repeated blood transfusions for other diseases, and 103 HBsAg carriers with hemophilia who were receiving various forms of coagulation factors. Antibody to hepatitis delta virus was found in 9 of 262 patients (3.5 per cent) with post-transfusion hepatitis, 5 of 234 (2 per cent) with self-limited disease, and 4 of 28 (14.5 per cent) with fulminant disease (P less than 0.05). The absence of IgM antibodies to the hepatitis B core antigen indicated that three of the nine patients with both HBsAg and antibodies to hepatitis delta virus had been carriers of HBsAg at the time of transfusion, and the acute disease represented the combined effects of the two viruses. Antibody to hepatitis delta virus was found in 3 of 94 Italian carriers of HBsAg who were receiving repeated blood transfusions, in none of 24 Brazilian, East German, or Australian hemophiliac carriers infused with clotting factors prepared from single or mini-pool volunteer plasma, and in 27 to 100 per cent of 79 hemophiliac carriers from European and U.S. series who received coagulation factors manufactured from large pools of plasma. We conclude that infection with hepatitis delta virus is likely to be more severe than infection with hepatitis B virus alone and that screening for HBsAg provides a high degree of safety in preventing infection with hepatitis delta virus, but that the risk is considerably greater in patients who are already carriers of HBsAg. We recommend that HBsAg carriers be given only blood derivatives prepared from a single donor or mini-pool donors.
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PMID:Risk of post-transfusion infection with the hepatitis delta virus. A multicenter study. 399 Jul 49

A population of 30 severe hemophilia-A patients with antibodies to factor VIII, treated with Autoplex since 1980, experienced a 30% incidence of non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis. 8 of the 9 patients affected had clinical signs of hepatitis and 7 had ALT levels in excess of 200 IU/l; the mean incubation time was 13 days. Only 5 of the 26 lots of Autoplex used were possibly transmitting the infective agent. An ELISA test to detect an antigen (DS-Ag) possibly related to NANB hepatitis was used to screen hemophilia-A and B patients. Its incidence was lower in patients treated less than 5 times a year (7.9%) than in patients treated over 15 times a year (25-27%) with locally prepared blood derivatives. Following treatment with Autoplex, the incidence of DS-Ag in inhibitor patients increased significantly (50%). In this last population, DS-Ag was shown to be unrelated to the NANB hepatitis observed. Although no direct evidence could be given, Autoplex was likely to transmit both the agent responsible for short incubation NANB hepatitis and DS-Ag.
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PMID:Non-A, non-B hepatitis in hemophilic patients with inhibitor treated with activated prothrombin complex concentrates: lack of correlation with an antigen possibly related to non-A, non-B hepatitis. 620 54

T-cell immunity and serum levels of thymosin alpha 1, beta 2-microglobulin, circulating immune complexes, serum immunoglobulin levels, antibodies to hepatitis surface or core antigen, and to cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus were investigated in 51 patients with haemophilia A ranging in age from 2 to 52 years. All patients had received commercial U.S. lyophilized concentrates of antihaemophilic factor (AHF). The mean helper/cytotoxic-suppressor (OKT4/OKT8) ratio of 11 pre-adolescents (1.6 +/- 0.4 SE) was not significantly different from that of age matched normal controls. In contrast, the mean OKT4/OKT8 ratios of 13 adolescent (1.2 +/- 0.2 SE) and 23 adult (0.8 +/- 0.1 SE) haemophiliacs were significantly reduced. Abnormalities of lymphocyte mitogenic responses were found only in adult haemophiliacs. Nine individuals treated with commercial U.S. prothrombin complex concentrates for antibodies directed against AHF or for haemophilia B had normal mean OKT4/OKT8 values. The mean serum thymosin alpha 1 levels for each age category was similar to that of age matched controls; however, regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between elevated thymosin alpha 1 levels and decreased OKT4/OKT8 ratios in adult haemophiliacs (P = 0.012). Although the mean serum level of beta 2-microglobulin was significantly increased in the adult haemophiliac group, there was no correlation between OKT4/OKT8 ratios and any of the other serologic parameters studied.
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PMID:Inverse correlation between age related abnormalities of T-cell immunity and circulating thymosin alpha 1 levels in haemophilia A. 623 39

Various immunological parameters were determined in 46 patients with severe hemophilia A and in 9 patients with severe hemophilia B. All patients were treated over many years with commercial factor VIII or IX concentrates. Patients with severe classic hemophilia had a significantly reduced relative and absolute number of T-helper cells and a significantly increased relative and absolute number of T-suppressor cells. About half of these patients had an inverse T-helper/suppressor cell ratio. Patients with moderate hemophilia A and severe hemophilia B did not show these abnormalities. Hemophiliacs with an inverse ratio had a significantly higher concentration of serum total protein, IgG and IgM. No relationship between the amount of factor VIII concentrate administered, the HLA-type of the patient, the presence or absence of CMV-antibodies, hepatitis markers, thrombocytopenia and abnormal liver function tests to the T-cell abnormalities could be established. Lymphadenopathy was frequently associated with an inverse ratio. Indirect evidence suggests that the alterations of the immune system began in 1979/80.
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PMID:T-cell alterations in hemophiliacs treated with commercial clotting factor concentrates. 631 82


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