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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We recently observed a increase in factor-VIII clot promoting activity as measured by a one-stage assay (VIII AHF) in a haemophiliac with hepatitis. However, VIII AHF as measured by a two-stage assay (VIII AHF) was 0.013 u/ml at a time when VIII AHF measured 0.38 u/ml. We then studied seven non-haemophiliacs with liver disease, and attempted to correlate the lvels of VIII AHF and VIII AHF with factor VIII-like antigen (VIII AGN) as measured by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. In four of the seven patients, disproportionate elevations of VIII AHF compared to VIII AHF were found. Furthermore, VIII AHF values correlated well with VIII AGN vales . No such discrepancy was apparent in four normal control subjects. These findings emphasize the necessity for performing two-stage assays in haemophiliacs as well as non-haemophiliacs with liver disease to assess factor-VIII levels. In addition, they suggest that confirmation of the diagnosis of haemophilia may not be possible in the haemophiliac with hepatitis unless VIII AHF determinations are performed. The reason for the disparity between VIII ahf and VIII AHF levels is not apparent. However, the correlation of VIII AGN and VIII AHF levels in the non-haemophiliacs with liver disease provides further support for the concept that VIII AGN and VIII AHF are closely related or identical molecular entities.
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PMID:Relationship of factor VIII-like antigen (VIII AGN) and clot promoting acitivty (VIII AHF) as measured by one- and two-stage assays in patients with liver disease. 99 Jan 95

The AusRIA 2 test has been modified for HBs antibody detection. This technique is about 7 to 8 dilution steps more sensitive for antibody detection than the IPE. Using this modified radioimmunological technique investigations have been carried out on blood donors, patients with acute and chronic liver disease and on haemophiliacs. An HBs antibody incidence of 11% was found among voluntary blood donors. Intensive clinical investigation of blood donors positive for HBs antibodies by IPE demonstrated that the Serum GOT was elevated in 11% of cases and the liver biopsy showed histological changes of different severity in 16 out of 22 cases. Investigation of 22 cases of acute HBs antigen-positive hepatitis confirmed that nearly all the patients developed HBs antibodies within 10 weeks following the disappearance of HBs antigen. The HBs antibodies persist over years. The appearance of HBs antibodies after an acute HBs antigen-negative hepatitis can be taken as an indication of a hepatitis-B virus infection also in these cases. Among 22 HBs antigen-negative chronic hepatitis cases, HBs antibodies were detectable in 52%. Sera of 111 patients with HBs antigen-negative liver cirrhosis of varying aetiology showed HBs antibodies in 29.7% of cases. The incidence was higher in males. HBs antibodies were found in 98% of patients with haemophilia. These results reveal new aspects with regard to the importance of the hepatitis-B viurs, especially in chronic liver disease. Apart from a description of the newly-developed HBs antibody test and a discussion of the results obtained using this technique, a survey is given of the importance of HBs antibody determination by means of sensitive methods for clinical and epidemiological purposes.
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PMID:[Hepatitis-B-surface-antibodies (detection, incidence, clinical importance)]. 106 4

Unfortunately, all of the problems of the hemophiliac have not been solved by the availability of concentrated factor VIII products. Patients still are faced with the crippling effects of arthritis, problems with employment, problems with ignorance (both medical and lay), and an increased risk of premature death even in a sophisticated, treatment-oriented, community (Table 3). It can only be hoped that we can solve the problems of hepatitis transmission, availability, and economics so that concentrated forms of factor VIII can be made available to all patients with hemophilia. It seems appropriate to suggest that our severely affected patients should be placed on some prophylactic programs, since this would ease most of the long-term psychologic and physical disabilities common to this disease.
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PMID:Blood--its derivatives and its problems--factor VIII. 108 80

In this presentation we have contrasted the normal blood-clotting mechanism with the failure to form blood clots in hemophiliacs due to the absence of protein factors necessary for conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. The statistics, hereditary basis, and long-term disabling consequences of hemophilia to the severely ffected patient are described. The systemic means of minimizing severe joint disabilities and serious internal bleeding hazards by employing concentrates of antihemophilic factors to reverse the bleeding defects are discussed. Availability and advantages of the types of concentrates are explained. The fatalistic attitude of hemophiliacs toward hepatitis is discussed, along with admonitions to avoid the use of aspirin, alcohol, and buttock injections. Alternative medications for pain are recommended; and injection sites for pediatric patients are suggested. The details of simplified oral surgical management of hemophilic patients without hospitalization are described, including local anesthetic injection technique, method of performing extractions, general anesthesia techniques when indicated, materials for packing of extraction sockets, regimen and precautions in use of Amicar administration for clot maintenance, postoperative diet, and postsurgical activity guidelines. Also noted is the self-administration of intravenous concentrate infusions at home in the event of hemorrhagin, so that bleeding is on the way to bein controlled even before the patient reaches the hospital. We avoided orthodontic treatment of hemophilic patients in the past; however, recently developed bracket-fixation techniques and auxiliary aids; along with an enlightened understanding that gingival bleeding is ot to be feared, have changed our attitude, and we now treat hemophilic patients in much the same manner as otherwise normal orthodontic patients...
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PMID:Orthodontics and dentistry for the hemophilic patient. 110 95

In a survey of laboratories where members of the Association of Clinical Pathologists worked, hepatitis was reported from 5 percent of 244 in 1970, 7 percent of 215 in 1971, and 2 percent of 337 in 1972. Of the 36 laboratories reporting hepatitis, a modest excess tested specimens from haemodialysis, transplant, and haemophilia units and performed tests for HB Ag. The average annual attack rate for staff of all types was 111 per 100,000 with higher rates for biochemists (268 in science graduates and 204 in technicians) and medical haematologists (258). Tests for HB Ag were positive in 17 cases ans negative in 15; nine were untested. No case was fatal and only 10 of the 41 required admission to hospital. Fourteen had a history of contract with 'high-risk (haemodialysis) specimens' but the most frequently suspected source of infection was personal contact with jaundiced or HB Ag-positive individuals and only in three cases were laboratory accidents suggested as the suspected source of infection. The findings indicate a need for caution and sensible safety precautions but not for exaggerated alarm.
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PMID:Hepatitis in clinical laboratories: a three-year survey. 112 17

The incidence of jaundice and of abnormal liver function tests has been assessed in 91 multitransfused patients with severe haemophilia A and B. Tests of hepatocyte function were within the normal range in the majority of patients. On the contrary, tests of biliary cell function, liver cell damage, and bromsulphthalein retention gave high rates of abnormal values, which tended to increase with age. Hepatitis B surface antigen was present in 8% and the corresponding antibody in 66% of the cases; 18% had a history of jaundice. All patients were asymptomatic and only a minority showed clinical signs of liver involvement. These data suggest that in haemophilacs repeated and prolonged contact with the agent(s) responsible for post-transfusion hepatitis may cause chronic liver damage not associated with overt illness.
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PMID:Asymptomatic liver disease in haemophiliacs. 118 60

A simple modification of the radioimmunoassay Ausria I 125 was employed for detecting anti-HBs using the inhibition of a constant amount of HBs Ag. Anti-HBs was demonstrated in up to 82% of follow-up patients recovering from viral hepatitis B and in 79% of hemophilia patients. The antibody was found in 3.4% of healthy blood donors and in 10% of family contacts of patients with acute HBs Ag-positive viral hepatitis. The frequency of anti-HBs in 44 patients with HBs Ag-negative chronic aggressive hepatitis or cryptogenic liver cirrhosis (23%) did not differ significantly as compared with the occurrence of anti-HBs in 58 patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis (16%). These findings give further support to the suggestion that the hepatitis B virus does not contribute to the aetiology of HBs Ag-negative chronic active hepatitis.
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PMID:Detection of antibody to hepatitis Bs-antigen in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis as measured by a modified procedure of the radioimmunoassay Ausria I 125. 119 21

A simple modification of the radioimmunoassay Ausria I and Ausria II was employed for detecting anti-HGsAg using the inhibition of a constant amount of HBsAg. The highest incidence of anti-HGsAg was demonstrated in follow-up patients recovering from viral hepatitis B (82%) and in hemophilia patients (79%). Lower frequencies were observed in patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis or liver cirrhosis (23%), patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis (16%), family contacts of patients with viral hepatitis B (10%) and blood donors (3.4%). No difference in sensitivity for the presence of anti-HBsAg was found between the Ausria I and the Ausria II test.
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PMID:Anti-HBsAg assay using the Ausria system with standard antigen dilutions. 120 48

A 51-year-old patient with haemophilia since childhood (usual factor VIII level 14%) developed acute viral hepatitis type B two months after an operation which had been covered by cryoprecipitate. The course of the hepatitis following admission was severe with encephalopathy and ascites. Evidence of intravascular coagulation with an increased radioactive fibrinogen turnover was also present. The factor VIII level measured by a one-stage clotting factor assay rose rapidly to 200% of normal and remained at this level for two weeks, and factor-VIII-related antigen as measured by electroimmunoassay also became greatly elevated (900% of normal). The possible mechanisms underlying those surprising changes are discussed.
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PMID:Factor VIII levels during the course of acute hepatitis in a haemophiliac. 120 22

Eight patients with severe or moderately severe haemophilia B were treated for six months, according to three schemata for two months each: 18, twice 18, or twice 9 U of factor IX per kg body-weight weekly. The sequence of the six possible treatment schemes was determined strictly at random. One patient had to be excluded because he developed hepatitis, another because allergic signs developed. In the pre-trial period the number of bleedings per two months had been about 40, as recorded by the patients. The bleedings were reduced to nine after 18 U of factor IX per kg body-weight weekly, falling to two after twice 9 and twice 18 U/kg weekly. The patients themselves considered twice 9 U/kg as the ideal dosage. It is recommended that this dosage scheme should be used initially if one decides to employ permanent substitution in haemophilia B. Once freedom from bleedings and strengthening of the motor system have been achieved one can then try 18 U per kg body-weight once a week.
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PMID:[A controlled study of long-term treatment of haemophilia B on an out-patient basis (author's transl)]. 124 6


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