Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), mitochondrial GOT (GOTm), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamate dehydrogenase activities were determined in 43 healthy controls and in 280 cases of liver diseases. A simplified column chromatographic method coupled with UV assay was employed for separation of GOTm. The activity was measured by following decrease in abosrbance of NADH at 340 nm. The lowest activity of GOTm determined with a coefficient of variation below 10% was 6 mIU/ml. High GOTm activities were found in acute hepatitis (acute stage), subacute hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis and were generally associated with high total GOT (GOTt) activities. The activity ratio of GOTm/GOTt varied depending on the stage and severity of liver diseases. The GOTm/GOTt ratio was decreased in acute, fulminant and subacute hepatitides. No significant reduction in the ratio was found in bile duct obstruction, alcoholic liver injury or metastatic liver cancer. Although relatively high GOTm/GOTt ratios were found in some patients with severe hepatic injury, they had no definite association with poor prognosis. These results indicate that the marked elevation in GOTt over GPT in advanced chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and primary hepatoma was mainly due to preferential leakage of cytoplasmic GOT (GOTs).
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PMID:The mechanism of the release of hepatic enzymes in various liver diseases. 1. Alterations in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzyme activities in serum. 22 31

The usefulness of blood enzyme determinations as markers of liver necrosis was tested in 100 alcoholics who underwent biopsy during clinical investigation. Mean values of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), serum aspartate and alanine transferase (SGOT and SGPT), ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT), and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP) tended to rise with increasing liver cell necrosis, though values of SGOT, SGPT, OCT, and gamma-GTP showed considerable overlap between the 32 patients with histologically proved hepatitis and the 68 without. By contrast, GDH values showed virtually no overlap between patients with and without hepatitis, and a value of two and a half times the normal value discriminated between the two groups. Because of its easy determination and its reliable reflection of liver cell necrosis the GDH concentration should be estimated routinely in alcoholic patients.
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PMID:Glutamate dehydrogenase: a reliable marker of liver cell necrosis in the alcoholic. 58 7

The activity in the serum of three hepatic mitochondrial enzymes, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), ornithine carbamyl transferase (OCT) and mitochondrial glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (m-GOT), all of which show different lobular distribution in the liver, was investigated in order to clarify the usefulness of determinations of these enzymes for the diagnosis of different types of acute non-A non-B (NANB) hepatitis. In NANB hepatitis, there were two different histological types: portal and non-portal. In most portal cases, the GDH/OCT ratios were lower than 0.35, but the ratios were higher than 0.36 in all non-portal cases. The prognosis of the portal group and the short incubation group of NANB hepatitis was better than that of the non-portal and the long incubation group, respectively. The cases showing GDH/OCT ratios of less than 0.35 clearly displayed better prognoses than the cases showing high GDH/OCT ratios. These findings implied that the low GDH/OCT group may have been infected by particular viruses and that ratio determination is useful for the diagnosis of NANB hepatitis caused by different viruses.
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PMID:A diagnostic approach to different types of non-A non-B acute hepatitis through the evaluation of the lobular distribution of hepatocytic damage. 210 66

The zonal distribution of enzyme activities was measured by quantitative cytochemistry in cryosections of liver from three normal children and five infants with idiopathic hepatitis of infancy. Optimal conditions for cytochemical reactions were first validated in rat liver and subsequently used in human livers to quantify zonal activities of acid phosphatase (AP), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P) and NADPH-dehydrogenase (ND). In normal rat and human livers, activities were greater for SDH and G6P in periportal and for GDH and ND in perivenular hepatocytes, while AP was evenly distributed along the sinusoids. In five infants with idiopathic hepatitis of infancy (IHI), a similar trend of distribution was observed for the two mitochondrial (SDH and GDH) and the two microsomal (G6P and ND) enzymes, although the distribution gradient was less pronounced than, in normal livers. AP showed a mildly greater periportal than perivenular activity. This preliminary study shows that a similar metabolic zonation exists for these enzymes in human livers as is observed in rats.
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PMID:The application of quantitative cytochemistry to study the acinar distribution of enzymatic activities in human liver biopsy sections. 254 21

The activity of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV was studied in the sera of 378 hospitalized patients. The mean activity of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV was elevated significantly in patients with neoplasmata and hepatitis, but not in patients with liver cirrhosis. Significant correlations (p less than 0.001) existed with gamma-glutamyl transferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase. A significant correlation with lactate dehydrogenase existed only in patients with neoplasmata. Principal component analysis, performed with aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase and dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV, revealed correlations between the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and between alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase, but neither dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV nor lactate dehydrogenase showed any correlation with either of these two groups. In lectin affinity chromatography with concanavalin A and wheat germ lectin sepharose, serum dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV from liver cirrhosis patients showed the same binding pattern as that from healthy subjects. The activity and glycosylation of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV in serum and hepatic plasma membranes was investigated in rats, following the induction of hepatitis with galactosamine. In the serum, dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV activity was elevated as early as 6 h after galactosamine injection, and the elevated activity persisted until the 7th day. At the same time dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV activity was also elevated in the hepatic plasma membrane. Ninety eight percent of hepatic dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV bound to concanavalin A as well as to wheat germ lectin and this value was unchanged during hepatitis. In the serum of control rats, 90% of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV bound to concanavalin A but only 39% to wheat germ lectin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV in hospitalized patients and in galactosamine hepatitis of the rat: Activity and lectin affinity chromatography in serum and hepatic plasma membranes]. 257 17

Serum catalase activity was moderately increased in fatty liver, acute alcoholic hepatitis and in the decompensated form of cardiac circulatory failure. It showed significant increase in acute yellow atrophy and in toxic hepatitis while no changes were detected in liver cirrhosis and viral hepatitis. Serum catalase activity showed a good correlation (r = 0.820) with the serum glutamate dehydrogenase activity. In accordance with our results, the inexpensive assay of serum catalase activity is suggested for the detection of severe liver cell damage.
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PMID:Serum catalase enzyme activity in liver diseases. 345 88

A model for immunologically T cell-mediated hepatitis was established in mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). The severity of hepatitis was monitored histologically and by determination of changes in serum levels of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), and alkaline phosphatase (AP). Kinetics of histological disease manifestations, increases of liver enzyme levels in the serum, and cytotoxic T cell activities in livers and spleens all correlated and were dependent upon several parameters: LCMV-isolate; LCMV-WE caused extensive hepatitis, LCMV-Armstrong virtually none. Virus dose. Route of infection; i.v. or i.p. infection caused hepatitis, whereas infection into the footpad did not. The general genetic background of the murine host; of the strains tested, Swiss mice and A-strain mice were more susceptible than C57BL or CBA mice; BALB/c and DBA/2 mice were least susceptible. The degree of immunocompetence of the murine host; T cell deficient nu/nu mice never developed hepatitis, whereas nu/+ or +/+ mice always did. B cell-depleted anti-IgM-treated mice developed immune-mediated hepatitis comparably or even more extensively than control mice. Local cytotoxic T cell activity; mononuclear cells isolated from livers during the period of overt hepatitis were two to five times more active than equal numbers of spleen cells. Adoptive transfer of nylon wool-nonadherent anti-Thy-1.2 and anti-Lyt-2 plus C-sensitive, anti-L3T4 plus C-resistant lymphocytes into irradiated mice preinfected with LCMV-WE caused a rapid time- and dose-dependent linear increase of serum enzyme levels. This increase was caused by adoptive transfer of lymphocytes if immune cell donors and recipient mice shared class I, but not when they shared class II histocompatibility antigens. The donor cell dose-dependent increase of these enzymes was first measurable 6-18 h after transfer with 2 X 10(8) cells or 3 X 10(6) cells, respectively. The time-dependent increase caused by the adoptive transfer of 1-2 X 10(8) cells was strictly linear during a period of up to 25-40 h. These results indicate single-hit kinetics of liver cell death and suggest that effector T cells destroy infected liver cells via direct contact rather than via soluble toxic mediators. The results may represent the best in vivo correlate of the in vitro 51Cr-release assay that has been analyzed so far, and strongly support the view that antiviral cytotoxic T cells are directly cytolytic in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:T cell-mediated hepatitis in mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Liver cell destruction by H-2 class I-restricted virus-specific cytotoxic T cells as a physiological correlate of the 51Cr-release assay? 348 5

Studies by Liehr et al. suggest that endotoxins are important in the pathogenesis of galactosamine hepatitis (Gal-N hepatitis) in rats. Lactulose (9.1 gm per kg per day) prevents hepatic lesions induced by Gal-N; an antiendotoxin effect of lactulose is postulated. However, commercial preparations of lactulose are contaminated with galactose, which shows a competitive action to Gal-N. To analyze the effect of galactose, male Wistar rats were pretreated with lactulose (Duphalac, 9.1 gm per kg per day) and given Gal-N (375 mg per kg i.p.). After 24 hr, serum was analyzed for glutamic pyruvate transaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities. Pretreatment with Duphalac, even 1 hr before Gal-N, abolished toxicity. Duphalac contains 10 gm galactose per 100 ml. Galactose was given in a similar concentration and similar inhibition occurred. Pretreatment with purified lactulose (9.1 gm per kg for 5 days) diminished the effects of Gal-N but did not normalize enzyme concentrations. Because small doses of galactose (80 and 300 mg per kg) showed similar inhibitory effects, we conclude that the protective effect of commercial lactulose preparations is mainly due to galactose contamination and not to an antiendotoxin effect.
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PMID:Galactosamine hepatitis, endotoxemia, and lactulose. 683 15

Galactosamine-induced hepatitis caused a marked increase in plasma lactate and pyruvate, but completely abolished the increase in ketone bodies in the rat exposed to an 8000 m simulated altitude. Plasma free fatty acid as the precursor of ketone bodies was higher in the galactosamine-treated rats during and after an exposure to 8000 m altitude. Treatment of the rat with galactosamine markedly reduced activities of citrate synthase, fumarase, glutamate dehydrogenase and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, but increased hexokinase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the liver. The effect of galactosamine-induced hepatitis on the energy metabolism can be explained by a reduction of mitochondrial oxidative enzymes and gluconeogenesis, and involves a shift of the aerobic metabolism to anaerobic glycolysis at high altitude.
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PMID:Effect of galactosamine-induced hepatitis on the aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of the rat exposed to high-altitude hypoxia. 774 7

The efficacy and safety of lomefloxacin in the treatment of patients with hepatitis due to the use of routine antituberculosis agents were estimated. The trial group included 20 patients (10 with increased activity of enzymes such as alanine and asparagine transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamate dehydrogenase) who were treated for various forms of tuberculosis with antitubeculosis drugs. The treatment course with lomefloxacin was 4 weeks (400 mg twice a day at 12-hour intervals). The criteria of the enrolment to the trial group were a more than 2-3 times higher activity of the enzymes and the absence of the markers of the virus hepatitis A, B and C. The therapy efficacy before and after the use of lomefloxacin was estimated clinically and by the findings of the laboratory and instrumental investigations. As a result of the treatment with lomefloxacin normalization of the enzyme activity and a favourable time course of the main disease were observed in the patients with drug hepatitis due to the use of antituberculosis agents requiring continuation of the antituberculosis therapy. An important result of the complex treatment with lomefloxacin and antituberculosis agents was discontinuation of the tubercle bacilli isolation in 70 per cent of the patients. Lomefloxacin proved to be a safe and efficient up-to-date agent for the treatment of tuberculosis in patients with hepatitis due to the use of antituberculosis drugs.
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PMID:[Lomefloxacin in phthisiatric practice]. 982 4


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