Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cause of hyperamylasemia associated with chronic liver disease is unclear. In an attempt to identify the tissue of origin of hyperamylasemia in 3 patients with chornic active hepatitis their serum was isoelectrically focused. The isoamylase patterns obtained were compared to those of pancreatic and salivary amylase. The apparent salivary gland origin of the excessive blood amylase in the patients studied was substantiated by radiological demonstration of parotid sialoectasia in one patient and histological evidence of sialoadenitis in another. Further evidence was the coincident isoelectric points of the predominant isoamylase in the sera of the liver disease patients and of patients with parotid inflammatory disease. Hyperamylasemia associated with chronic liver disease may be of salivary gland origin and as such forms part of the spectrum of extrahepatic manifestations of chronic active hepatitis.
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PMID:A cause of hyperamylasemia associated with chronic liver disease. 83 1

Hepatic injury during long term dantrolene sodium therapy occurred in 19 of 1044 patients (1.8%) monitored for at least 60 days. Six had icteric hepatitis (0.6%) and 3 died (0.3%). After the marketing of the drug, an additional 31 cases of dantrolene-associated liver disease were available for analysis. Of these 16 had icteric hepatitis with a favorable outcome, whereas 11 died. The injury was mainly hepatocellular with a pattern of acute or subacute hepatic disease or chronic active hepatitis. Analysis of total of 50 cases showed a 28% case fatality rate. All the fatalities occurred in patients above 30 years of age and after at least 2 months of therapy, with 57% cases exposed for at least 6 months. Eleven of the 14 fatalities occurred in females (P is less than 0.05). No cases of hepatic disease occurred in patients exposed for less than 1 month or under the age of 10. The majority of adverse reactions (71%) occurred between 1 and 6 months of therapy. Daily dosage of 300 mg or more is associated with higher incidenceof hepatotoxic reactions and with the majority (85%) of the fatalities. The idiosyncratic hepatic injury does not appear to involve hypersensitivity to the drug. A careful assessment of the benefit-risk ratio in the therapeutic use of dantrolene sodium is proposed.
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PMID:Dantrolene-associated hepatic injury. Incidence and character. 83 13

The different types of immune responses occurring during hepatitis B virus infection are reviewed. The responses specific for HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) are important in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. The cell-mediated immunity specific for this antigen seems to be responsible for cytolysis occurring when the antigen is located within the hepatocyte (acute and persistent hepatitis). It is also responsible for the subsequent elimination of the virus. Immune complexes in antibody excess probably provoke the lesion of fulminant hepatitis. Complexes in the zone of antigen excess, which are responsible for the extrahepatic lesions of the prodromic phase, may perhaps also play a pathogenetic role in some forms of chronic active hepatitis.
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PMID:[Immune mechanisms in hepatitis B. New aspects and consequent practices]. 85 20

There is as yet no specific treatment for viral hepatitis, and in an uncomplicated course no further action apart from moderate bedrest is necessary. The patient should however, be isolated in a special ward. In fulminant hepatic failure the benefit of glucocorticoid therapy is still controverted and appears to depend on an early beginning. Treatment with HBsAg-rich human serum in fulminant hepatitis B is still under evaluation. In chronic active hepatitis the administration of azathioprine in combination with glucocorticoids is highly effective, and it appears to be irrelevant whether HBsAg is present in plasma or not; however, the best results have been achieved in "lupoid" hepatitis. The use of transfer factor, laevamisol or thymosin to suppress T-cell action on antibody production of the B-cells cannot yet be finally evaluated with respect to its effectiveness in chronic active hepatitis. Prevention is of major importance in solving the problems involved in hepatitis B infections. Recent experience with active immunization using HBsAg-rich sera or purified formalin inactivated HBsAg preparations suggest the possibility of successful vaccination against hepatitis B in the near future, but the precondition for obtaining sufficient quantities of vaccine is to find suitable culture media for the virus.
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PMID:[Therapy of hepatitis B. Practical implications]. 85 9

In a follow-up study of 85 patients with chronic aggressive (active) hepatitis (CAH) repeated liver biopsies and/or autopsy liver sections were available in 74 cases. The median time of observation was 45 months. Cirrhosis was demonstrated in 38 patients, and cirrhosis was suspected in a further five cases. Fifteen patients showed convincing histological improvement; and the remaining 16 still had chronic hepatitis. Twenty-six patients died during the observation period, seven of these of liver failure after development of cirrhosis. The clinical follow-up of the 59 survivors (median observation time 69 months) showed biochemically active liver disease in 11 cases, all having cirrhosis or chronic aggressive hepatitis in the last biopsy. The clinical findings were correlated with the morphological follow-up diagnosis and the immunosuppressive treatment. Comparison of the initial histological, clinical, and serological variables was made in two well-defined follow-up groups. There were more females, and marked portal inflammation, abnormal bile duct epithelium, and circulating autoantibodies occurred more frequently in the group with later development of cirrhosis than among the patients with subsequent morphological improvement. The results thus suggest candidates for thorough follow-up and more intensive immunosupressive or other treatment.
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PMID:The prognosis of chronic aggressive hepatitis. A clinical and morphological follow-up study. 86 90

Patients with hepatitis-B surface antigen positive liver diseases and healthy carriers were studied for the presence of e-antigen and anti-e as well as for intrahepatocellular HBsAG and hepatitis-B core antigen. The e-antigen was demonstrated in 9 out of 12 patients with chronic perisitent hepatitis, in 15 out of 39 patients with chronic active hepatitis, in 3 out of 40 patients with acute type B hepatitis, and in 2 out of 9 patients with a protracted course of type B hepatitis. No e-antigen was found in healthy HBsAG carriers nor in patients with complete recovery from type B hepatitis one year after onset of the disease. Anti-e was detected in 24 out of 61 healthy HBsAG carriers with a normal liver histology and in one patient with a mild form of a chronic persistent hepatitis. The presence of e-antigen in serum was highly associated with the presence of HBcAG in the nuclei of the liver cells. Twenty-seven out of 29 e-positive patients had HBcAG in the liver cell nuclei. In contrast, none of 20 patients with anti-e in serum had HBcAG in the liver cells.
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PMID:e System and intrahepatocelullar HBcAG and HBsAG in HBsAG positive patients with liver diseases and healthy carriers. 86 95

Hepatitis is a significant complication of the treatment of hemophilia A with factor VIII concentrates. Chronic liver disease in these patients is infrequently documented in the literature. The results of percutaneous liver biopsy, under the coverage of glycine-precipitated factor VIII, in six patients with hemophilia A who had the persistence of abnormal liver-function tests for at least 6 months, are described. Three patients had chronic active hepatitis, and three had chronic persistent hepatitis. No complications were encountered as a result of the biopsy procedure. These results suggest that percutaneous liver biopsy should be considered in patients with hemophilia A with continuously abnormal liver-function tests to establish a histologic diagnosis and to guide further therapy.
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PMID:Liver biopsy in hemophilia A. 86 50

Adult human liver biopsies were cultured from normal, alcoholic hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, fibrosis plus alcoholic hepatitis (active cirrhosis), inactive cirrhosis, and drug hepatitis. The synthesis of collagen was estimated in cultures from 58 livers by measuring the conversion of [(14)C]proline to the [(14)C]hydroxyproline of collagen; that of glycosaminoglycans in cultures from 57 livers by the incorporation of [(3)H]acetate and (35)SO(4) into glycosaminoglycans (GAG). The synthesis of procollagen was increased only in cultures from alcoholic hepatitis, both in the pulse medium (P < 0.05) and in the chase medium (P < 0.02). The synthesis of insoluble collagen was increased in cultures from chronic (active) hepatitis (P < 0.01), fibrosis plus alcoholic hepatitis (active cirrhosis) (P < 0.001), and inactive cirrhosis (P < 0.05). Essentially all radioactive GAG was soluble in culture media. The predominant GAG were chondroitin-4 or -6-SO(4). The synthesis of GAG was increased only in cultures from fibrosis plus alcoholic hepatitis (active cirrhosis) both in the pulse medium (P < 0.01) and chase medium (P < 0.001). The data indicate that in the absence of immuno-competent cells or their secretory products, tissue cultures from livers showing biopsy evidence of active fibrosis in vivo may demonstrate increased synthesis of collagen and GAG in vitro. Increased (soluble) procollagen synthesis in cultures from alcoholic hepatitis was not associated with histologically demonstrable overt hepatic fibrosis in vivo, nor was it associated with increased GAG synthesis in vitro. No significant difference was demonstrable in collagen or GAG synthesis in paired cultures which contained either 300 mg/dl ethanol or 3.75 mg/dl methylprednisolone compared to their respective controls.
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PMID:The rate of synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and collagen by fibroblasts cultured from adult human liver biopsies. 87 75

Transition from acute to chronic hepatitis has important prognostic and therapeutic implications. In 17 patients with acute viral hepatitis, observed during a period of 7 years, a liver biopsy showed changes compatible with chronic aggressive hepatitis and superimposed acute hepatitis. Follow-up biopsies showed normal liver in 14 cases, chronic persistent hepatitis in 1, and cirrhosis in 2. In 12 cases the initial biopsy which showed changes suggestive of chronicity was taken 1 month after onset of symptoms of acute hepatitis, or later. Cases developing chronic liver disease showed no characteristic clinical, laboratory, or histological features at the time of the first biopsy. If the diagnosis of chronic active hepatitis is based on histological findings alone in patients with prolonged acute hepatitis, the incidence of this condition will be grossly overestimated. The transition from acute to chronic hepatitis cannot be recognized with any degree of certainty by presently available methods.
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PMID:Significance of suspected "chronic aggressive hepatitis" in acute hepatitis. 89 54

A case of an adult with chronic active hepatitis associated with giant multinucleated liver cells is presented. The giant liver cells in this case are widespread and the picture resembles neonatal hepatitis. The morphology, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of giant hepatocytes found in human neonates and adults and in experimental animals is discussed. Because the proliferative phase of giant hepatic cells is transient, this reaction may be more common than generally believed.
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PMID:Giant multinucleated hepatocytes in an adult with chronic active hepatitis. 89 56


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