Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic hepatic necrosis developed in a man who had been taking 4 g of paracetamol daily for about a year (cumulative dose 1700 g). Liver biopsy done 23 days after the drug was stopped showed prominent diffuse central necrosis and portal changes. Repeat biopsy 5 months later showed chronic active hepatitis. This prompted anti-inflammatory treatment, with subsequent improvement in liver histology. Liver concentrations of reduced glutathione and paracetamol metabolism, assessed 1-1 1/2 years after drug was stopped, were normal; the basis for this patient's drug sensitivity is thus unclear. In some patients, chronic ingestion of therapeutic doses of paracetamol may produce hepatic necrosis and hepatitis which persist long after the drug has been discontinued.
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PMID:Chronic hepatic inflammation and fibrosis due to low doses of paracetamol. 7 36

Ther serum concentration of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was measured by radio-immunoassay in 98 patients with liver disease including hepatoma, chronic active hepatitis, alcoholic cirrhosis, and acute virus B hepatitis. Raised AFP levels, above 30 ng/ml, were found in 87% of patients with acute viral hepatitis, in 82% of patients with primary liver cell carcinoma, in 58% with chronic active hepatitis and in 14% of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. However, levels above 1 000 ng/ml were found only in patients with hepatoma and in acute viral hepatitis.
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PMID:alpha-Fetoprotein in liver disease. 7 25

A modified trichrome stain is described for the intrahepatic localization of the hepatitis B surface antigen; HBsAg containing cells exhibit specific green metachromasia contrasting with the granular brown colour of non infected hepatocytes and with the deep eosinophilic colour of ground glass cells of HBsAg-negative alcoholic or drug hepatitis. The technique is simple and reliable for routine screening of HBsAg positive material; its sensitivity is greater than H & E, similar orcein and inferior to immunohistochemistry as performed on frozen sections. Histological diagnosis can be made on the same slide, since several other morphological details are provided in the trichrome stained preparations. With this technique 387 biopsies from HBsAg seronegative individuals were negative; full cytoplasms metachromasia was mostly seen in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, focal or partial staining in patients with histological evidence of liver cell necrosis. The presence and the staining pattern of HBsAg were of no help in predicting transition to chronicity or a transition from chronic persistent to chronic active hepatitis.
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PMID:A trichrome stain for the intrahepatic localization of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). 7 38

Antibodies in the serum reacting with antigens on the surface of radiolabelled Dane particles distinct from hepatitis B surface and core antigens (HBsAg and HBcAg) were detected, using a double antibody precipitation assay, in 12 out of 15 patients early in the course of acute type B hepatitis and at the time of disappearance of circulating Dane particles. No such antibody activity was found in 15 of the 16 patients with HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis, 13 of whom had complete Dane particles in the serum. In a group of 16 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers (without Dane particles in serum) antibody activity was shown in nine. This demonstration of antibodies precipitating Dane particles may be relevant to the clearance of circulating hepatitis B virions and the termination of infection in acute type B hepatitis. Their absence in all but one of the cases of chronic active hepatitis might explain why the virus infection persists in this group of patients.
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PMID:Detection of a new antibody system reacting with Dane particles in hepatitis B virus infection. 8 2

Cellular and humoral immunity combine to determine the outcome following exposure to hepatitis virus and are implicated in the proposed pathogenetic mechanism for acute and chronic hepatitis. Although antibody to HBsAg is found in virtually all following recovery from hepatitis B, a cell-mediated response to HBsAg can be detected in most patients during the acute phase, and it has been suggested that this may cause the acute hepatic damage by an attack on virus-infected cells. Patients who have chronic active hepatitis also frequently have cell-mediated immunity to HBsAg, regardless of whether the antigen can be detected in their sera; thus, previous exposure to hepatitis B may be important in initiating the disease even in antigen-negative cases. Cell-mediated responses to liver-specific lipoprotein, a membrane antigen, occur transiently in many patients who have acute hepatitis and are persistent in virtually all with untreated chronic active hepatitis. The relative importances and precise mechanisms of these immune responses in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic hepatitis remain to be determined.
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PMID:Cellular and humoral immunity in viral hepatitis. 8 10

5% of 2612 homosexual males attending genitourinary clinics were found to be hepatitis-B surface-antigen (HBsAg) positive. Liver biopsy was done in 25 who had abnormal liver-function tests but no symptoms or signs of liver disease, and 14 (56%) of these proved to have chronic active hepatitis or active cirrhosis. Neither the liver-function tests nor the viral markers in serum reflected the severity of the liver disease. 38% of a group of 118 HBsAg positive patients were HBeAg positive, and sexual contacts of these individuals may be at serious risk of infection.
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PMID:Liver disease among homosexual males. 8 69

The clinical and histopathological evolution of 7 children with severe chronic active hepatitis and 8 with moderate chronic active hepatitis were studied. The majority (11-15) of the children had a clear past history of acute viral hepatitis. The cases of chronic active hepatitis with a moderate activity had a favorable evolution, but not the cases of severe chronic active hepatitis. Four of them developed into liver cirrhosis, in two the morphological alteration did not improve, and only one case showed a chronic presistent hepatitis.
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PMID:Clinical and histopathological evolution of active chronic hepatitis. 9 21

The concept of chronic hepatitis is very complex. There is no generally recognized definition and no agreement on the nomenclature. In more recent times a subdivision into chronic persisting (CPH) and chronic active (aggressive or progressive) hepatitis (cah) has been proposed. Morphologically CPH has a mononuclear inflammatory infiltration of the portal fields with preservation of the lobules. In positive hepatitis B CPH, orcein-positive milkglass-shaped hepatocytes and washed-out nuclei have recently been established by immunofluorescence. Periportal inflammation (piecemeal necrosis) is characteristic of CAH. Severe forms show hepatocytolysis and confluent necroses in addition. Since there is not always a sharp division between CPH and CAH, an unequivocal diagnosis of clinical, biochemical, serologic and immunological data is required.
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PMID:[The morphogenesis of chronic hepatitis]. 10 39

The determination of enzyme activity in serum for the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis has become increasingly popular. According to the author's experience serum aminotransferase is raised in about 100% of cases of chronic active hepatitis and also in active cirrhosis, but in only about 70--80% of persisting hepatitis or in moderately active chronic hepatitis. They are frequently normal in inactive cirrhosis. After aminotransferases the alkaline phosphatase is of great importance for the differential diagnosis of icterus. If aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase are determined at the same time, every cholestatic icterus can be diagnosed with certainty.
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PMID:[Clinical enzyme diagnosis in chronic hepatitis. Possibilities and limitations (author's transl)]. 10 40

Antigen e and its antibody were sought by radial immunodiffusion in 86 carriers of HBs antigen observed over a period of one year. The antigen was found in 3 cases out of 30 with acute viral hepatitis, 11 cases out of 33 with chronic active hepatitis, 1 case out of 6 with chronic persistent hepatitis and 1 out of 6 healthy carriers. It was not found in the serum of 6 patients with fulminating hepatitis. The presence of antigen e is associated with high titers of circulating HBs antigens (p less than 0,001). In this group, no difference in the course of the disease was found in cases of chronic active hepatitis with HBs antigen, according to the presence or absence of antigen e or its antibody.
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PMID:[The "e" antigen system in HBs antigen carriers (author's transl)]. 10 75


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