Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alcohol, hepatitis B, and Non A Non B hepatitis were the main aetiologies of 124 patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) due to histologically proven liver cirrhosis. All had severe portal hypertension (PH) and usually increased inflammatory activity of the liver. In stage I (n = 27) 7.4% died, in stage II (n = 28) 14.3%, in stage III (n = 32) 50% and in stage IV (n = 37) 94.6%. Even in cirrhotics without PH, serum albumin, cholinesterase activity and prothrombin time (PT) were significantly decreased. But only in the case of PT did the magnitude of the decrease parallel the stage of HE. Hyperammonaemia and serum creatinine were increased in parallel with the stage of HE. Therefore, in liver cirrhosis a quotient derived from decreased PT and increased serum creatinine has a good prognostic value. Early diagnosis of HE is possible on the basis of writing tests and the determination of free or toxic ammonia.
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PMID:The role of protein metabolism in 204 liver cirrhotics with and without hepatic encephalopathy. I. Clinical and general biochemical findings. 372 88

Binding sites for polymerized albumin on hepatitis B virus components were reported in human hepatitis B virus chronic carriers predominantly with active viral replication (HB e antigen positive). The presence of comparable albumin-binding sites in the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) model was examined on WHV components obtained from woodchucks with active viral replication (DNA polymerase positive). Binding sites for polymerized woodchuck serum albumin were not detected on the intact WHV virion, on 22-nm woodchuck hepatitis surface antigen (WHsAg), or on WHsAg polypeptides. Woodchuck albumin was not detected in purified 22-nm WHsAg, and anti-albumin antibodies were not detected in WHV chronic-carrier woodchucks. Our results in the WHV model argue against a role for viral polyalbumin-binding sites in tissue- and host-specific virus infectivity.
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PMID:Failure to detect polyalbumin-binding sites on the woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen: implications for the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus in humans. 378 21

The Lowry method for quantitation of protein was adapted to automated flow injection analysis. The procedure was developed using two different pure proteins: bovine serum albumin and hepatitis B surface antigen. The system was optimized for reagent concentration, pH, gain, temperature, sample volume, and output. The response of each protein was affected differently by temperature. The reaction slopes and absorbance values of the proteins were similar at 90 degrees C to allow quantitation of hepatitis surface antigen against bovine serum albumin. Advantages of the automated flow injection analysis Lowry procedure include: rapid analyses (90 samples/h), small sample volume (30 microliters, 100 microliters), fast response (20 s), reproducibility (less than or equal to 2% CV within an assay and 3 to 6% CV among assays), sensitivity (5 micrograms), and high correlation (99.8%) with manual assay. After a 30-min set-up period, the analyzer was available to assay protein on demand throughout the day, making it suitable for process and quality control testing.
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PMID:Lowry protein determination by automated flow injection analysis for bovine serum albumin and hepatitis B surface antigen. 409 70

Two new antigenic determinants have been identified on serum albumin molecules originating from hepatic patients. The same antigenic determinants may be induced on serum albumins of different species by in vitro aging or glutaraldehyde treatment. In patients with liver cell dysfunction the new antigenic sites of the albumin molecules induce the synthesis of specific antipolymerized albumin antibodies (AAA) identified by precipitation and hemagglutination methods. The anti-polymerized albumin precipitins (AA-P) reveal with high specificity and sensitivity the presence and severity of liver cell dysfunction. In patients with active liver diseases (acute viral hepatitis and chronic aggressive hepatitis), both precipitins and agglutinins show high titers, while in patients with severe liver diseases and long evolution or in old-agers AA-P positivity is seldom associated with anti-polymerized albumin agglutinins.
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PMID:A new antigen/antibody system--the polymerized albumin and antialbumin antibodies. 615 87

Four major polypeptides with mol. wt. of 22000, 25000, 52000 and 68000 were isolated from solubilized preparations of hepatitis type B surface antigen (HBsAg). These four populations, referred to as P22, P25, P52 and P68, respectively, were used to immunize guinea-pigs. Guinea-pigs were also inoculated with HBsAg and with purified human serum albumin (HuSA). These antisera were utilized to establish that intact HBsAg particles are associated with HuSA antigenic reactivity. HuSA antigenic determinants were associated with purified preparations of P68. HuSA antigenic activity was not detected with purified preparations of P22, P25 and P52 or with respective specific antisera to each of the above. However, purified P68 contained the antigenic determinants of both host protein and hepatitis B virus-specified protein origin.
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PMID:Antigenic relationship of a hepatitis B surface antigen-derived polypeptide and human serum albumin. 615 94

Human alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1-m) levels were studied in the sera and urine of patients with various liver diseases. In patients with acute hepatitis and chronic hepatitis it was almost within the normal range. A significant decrease of serum alpha 1-m, however, was demonstrated in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis (p less than 0.05) as well as in those with decompensated liver cirrhosis (p less than 0.001). The most striking decrease was noted in patients with fulminant hepatitis (p less than 0.001). Its concentration in hepatoma was generally within the normal range, but there was 1 hepatoma case with the high concentration of alpha 1-m. Serum alpha 1-m levels correlated significantly with serum albumin, plasma fibrinogen and cholinesterase activity. As compared with the level in normal individuals, the patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis had significantly low urinary alpha 1-m (p less than 0.005), reflecting the findings for sera. These results indicated that the liver plays an important role in alpha 1-m synthesis, and its quantitation may be used for evaluating severe liver damage.
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PMID:Human alpha 1-microglobulin in various hepatic disorders. 619 36

With the aim of improving the chemotherapeutic index of adenine arabinoside 5-monophosphate (ara-AMP) in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, this drug was conjugated with lactosaminated serum albumin (L-SA), a neoglycoprotein which only enters into hepatocytes where it is digested in lysosomes. In mice, the L-[3H]SA-ara-AMP conjugates, intravenously injected, selectively penetrated the liver, only small quantities were taken up by cells of spleen, bone marrow, intestine, and brain. After administration of the conjugate to mice with Ectromelia virus hepatitis, ara-AMP was selectively concentrated in liver in a pharmacologically active form. If L-SA-ara-AMP conjugates behave in man as in mouse, their administration to patients with chronic hepatitis B should result in a selective concentration of ara-AMP in liver with a more efficient inhibition of virus replication accompanied by lower toxicity for other tissues.
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PMID:Selective penetration and pharmacological activity of lactosaminated albumin conjugates of adenine arabinoside 5-monophosphate (ara-AMP) in mouse liver. 621 Feb 32

Seven pediatric patients (ages 2-14) who presented with acute abdominal symptomatology and an abnormal cholecystosonogram are reviewed. Etiologies of the abnormal sonograms included: hepatitis (3 of 7), acalculous cholecystitis (1 of 7), calculous cholecystitis (1 of 7), cholangitis with associated cholecystitis (1 of 7), and chronic active hepatitis with low serum albumin (1 of 7). The combined use of the sonogram and the radionuclide biliary scan is helpful in predicting and distinguishing between cases of cholecystitis and uncomplicated hepatitis.
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PMID:Ultrasound and radionuclide biliary scanning in acute pediatric abdominal pain. 640 35

HBsAg bound to IgM was detected in serum of HBsAg carriers with a radioimmunoassay based on selective absorption of the immunoglobulin on a solid phase coated with antiserum to human IgM. High titers of HBsAg/IgM were found in sera with the highest HBsAg binding capacity of polymerized human serum albumin (poly-HSA) and of C1q. These findings and the inhibition of HBsAg/IgM reaction by addition of purified poly-HSA suggest that the IgM component of the complex might bind to poly-HSA fixed on to HBsAg particles and possibly represent antibody to the modified plasma protein. HBsAg/IgM was detected in 95 (87%) patients with acute HBsAg positive hepatitis during the acute phase of infection and persisted after the fourth week only in patients who developed chronic liver disease. HBsAg/IgM were detected in one out of 15 carriers of the HBsAg with superimposed Non B hepatitis. HBsAg/IgM were also present in 76% to 100% of sera from chronic carriers without any relation to the extent of viral replication and to presence of severity of liver disease. Persistence of HBsAg/IgM in patients with acute hepatitis B may provide a useful tool to predict transition of HBV infection to chronicity.
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PMID:HBsAg/IgM complexes in serum of HBsAg carriers: partial characterization and clinical significance. 662 20

A prospective unblinded, randomized trial of treatment for chronic aggressive hepatitis and non-alcoholic cirrhosis involving 154 patients chosen by predefined histological criteria showed no difference with regard to survival between patients receiving 100 mg of azathioprine and those receiving 10-15 mg of prednisone daily. Survival was unrelated to initial biochemical activity. In the initially most active cases biochemical activity was significantly reduced (p = 0.02), more often by prednisone than by azathioprine. The reduced activity was not reflected in subjective complaints or in the working capacity of the patients. Side effects were more frequent in the azathioprine group. Hematological side effects were exclusively found among azathioprine-treated patients. Prognosis was worst in patients who initially had high values of serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatases and low values of serum albumin and prothrombin. The follow-up study is being carried out to obtain long-term observations.
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PMID:Azathioprine versus prednisone in chronic active hepatitis and non-alcoholic cirrhosis. Effect on survival and activity. 676 Mar 78


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