Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present study examined the preventive effects of green tea extract on D-galactosamine (GalN)-induced hepatic injury in rats, an animal model of viral hepatitis. A single i.p.-injection of GalN (700 mg/kg) to male Wistar rats caused fulminant hepatitis by 48 hr as assessed by marked increases in the serum aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alanine aminotransferase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities; decreases in the serum protein and cholesterol levels and the amount of liver microsome P-450; and marked changes in organ weights. The lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity markedly increased at 8 hr and markedly decreased at 24 hr after the GalN injection. In the experiment, animals were orally administered green tea extract at doses of 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg five times each before and after the GalN injection. Treatment with green tea extract significantly prevented the increases in the GOT, GPT and ALP activities in a dose-related manner. It also significantly prevented the decreases in serum albumin and total cholesterol, although not in a dose-related manner. A tendency to prevent the increase in LCAT activity and the decrease in liver microsome P-450 was also noted. Little effect was found on the other abnormal changes in the serum lipids and proteins and the organ weights. These results suggest that green tea may have an ameliorating effect on hepatic dysfunction.
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PMID:[Effects of green tea extract on galactosamine-induced hepatic injury in rats]. 146 98

The objective of this study was to determine the probabilities of specific morbid events or death among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treated by hemodialysis. A prospective cohort study was performed between March 1988 and September 1989 in 18 hemodialysis centers in 13 Canadian cities, representing about one third of the hemodialysis population in Canada. The inception cohort consisted of 496 patients entering hemodialysis who had survived 1 month. The few new hemodialysis patients who received erythropoietin (EPO) in the last 3 months of the study were excluded. Survival curves were compared using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Older age and history of cardiovascular disease were independently associated with a greater probability of death. Age and history of cardiovascular disease were also associated with a greater probability of nonfatal circulatory events (myocardial infarction, angina requiring hospitalization, or stroke), while a serum albumin level less than or equal to 30 g/L (3.0 g dL) was associated with an increased probability of pulmonary edema. The probability of surviving 12 months without receiving a blood transfusion was 47.2% for males and 27.5% for females. The incidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis, as estimated by unexplained elevations in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values, was not different between patients receiving and not receiving blood transfusions. The probability of hospitalization for any cause was greater for patients with grafts for vascular access than for those with fistulae, for those with a history of cardiovascular disease, for those with a serum albumin level less than or equal to 30 g/L, and for those with renal disease due to diabetes or vascular disease. Hospitalization due to circulatory disease was more likely among those with a history of cardiovascular disease and among those with a lower serum albumin level. Hospitalization for infectious disease was more likely among those with a lower serum albumin level and less likely among those with a fistula for vascular access. Among all patients receiving hemodialysis treatment for more than 6 months, there were 14.8 hospital days per year.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Canadian Hemodialysis Morbidity Study. 155 66

Functional hepatic imaging was performed using 99mTc-DTPA-galactosyl human serum albumin (99mTc-GSA), a radiolabeled ligand that reacts specifically to the asialoglycoprotein receptor that resides at the plasma membrane of hepatocytes, in 21 patients: five with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), 14 with compensative liver cirrhosis (LC), one with chronic inactive hepatitis and one with acute hepatitis. The former two diseases were mainly investigated. Serial liver images were acquired at the rates of 10 sec/frame for 0-5 min and 2 min/frame for 6-30 min after the injection of 99mTc-GSA, and the images were compared with 99mTc-phytate images in 2 patients with CAH and 11 with LC, and those with portal scintigrams using 123I-iodoamphetamine (IMP) in 3 patients with LC. The images using 99mTc-GSA were in better agreement with hepatic function than those using 99mTc-phytate, and with the findings of portal scintigraphy using 123I-IMP. LHL15 (liver/liver and heart radioactivities at 15 min after the injection of 99mTc-GSA) correlated with the hepaplastin test (r = 0.978 in CAH, and r = 0.544 in LC), indicators of hepatic reserve. These results suggest that liver scintigraphy using 99mTc-GSA might be a useful method for evaluating liver function.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of hepatic scintigraphy using 99mTc-GSA]. 164 14

Four hapten-carrier conjugates were synthesized to evaluate any potential antigenic similarities between these synthetic compounds and the immunogens induced in vivo by the anesthetic, halothane and, thus, be used eventually as a more sensitive probe to detect the presence of these halothane-induced antibodies in halothane-exposed individuals. In this study, antibodies from five halothane hepatitis patients were used to evaluate these antigenic alterations since the specificity of these antibodies would most accurately reflect the antigenic structure of halothane-induced immunogens. Quantitation of antibody binding to these synthetic proteins was determined in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot techniques. Trifluoroacetylated rabbit serum albumin was 5 times more reactive with these antibodies and thus more antigenic than the homologous acetylated moiety confirming the importance of the trifluoromethyl moiety as an epitope in the immunogen in vivo. Insertion of a spacer arm, aminocaproic acid, between the hapten and carrier moieties and an epitope density of 40% acetylation also increased antigenicity. Through these structural alterations produced in vitro, antigenic compounds have been produced which may resemble more closely the immunogen elicited in vivo and which may ultimately serve as more sensitive probes for halothane-induced antibodies from exposed individuals.
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PMID:Use of structural alterations in the synthesis of halothane metabolite antigens to mimic halothane-induced immunogen. 170 76

The woodchuck was selected to study the efficacy of liver-targeted antiviral drugs on hepadnavirus replication. Nineteen woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus were treated with adenine arabinoside monophosphate or acyclovir monophosphate, either free or conjugated with the liver-targeting molecule lactosaminated human serum albumin. Circulating woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA levels remained unchanged in untreated animals and in those receiving the carrier lactosaminated human serum albumin alone; in contrast, they were consistently lower after 5 days of treatment with the antiviral drugs. Free and conjugated adenine arabinoside monophosphate were active at doses of 10 and 0.75 mg/kg, respectively, and free and coupled ACVMP were active at doses of 20 and 2.6 mg/kg, respectively. These results indicate that the dosages of adenine arabinoside monophosphate and acyclovir monophosphate required to inhibit hepadnavirus growth can be sharply reduced by coupling the drugs to lactosaminated human serum albumin.
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PMID:Adenine arabinoside monophosphate and acyclovir monophosphate coupled to lactosaminated albumin reduce woodchuck hepatitis virus viremia at doses lower than do the unconjugated drugs. 171 38

Multiple factors have been implicated in the hematologic response to erythropoietin (EPO). The authors studied 54 hemodialysis patients; 44 received 1.5 g of iron intravenously, 16 received oral iron for 12 weeks, and 24 were treated with EPO. Some patients received these treatments in sequence. The factors evaluated were serum albumin, protein catabolic rate, serologic evidence of hepatitis B or C, parathormone (PTH), and aluminum levels. Red cell production was expressed as milliliters of red blood cell increase per day per kilogram of body weight. For patients receiving EPO, hematologic response was normalized to 50 U/kg/dialysis. Of the patients on oral iron, 31% had a good response (hematocrit greater than or equal to 30%). Of the patients who received iron intravenously, 50% had a good response (hematocrit greater than or equal to 30%). All patients treated with EPO responded well, except for one patient who did not respond to doses of EPO up to 200 U/kg/dialysis. The response to intravenous iron dextran was more rapid than the response to oral iron or EPO. Nutritional factors (serum albumin and protein catabolic rate), serologic evidence of hepatitis, elevated PTH levels, or elevated aluminum levels did not significantly affect the response to iron supplementation or EPO treatment.
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PMID:Is hematologic response to iron and erythropoietin in hemodialysis patients affected by other factors? 175 Nov 2

The diagnosis of halothane hepatitis (HH) may be assisted by detection of antibodies reacting to trifluoroacetylated proteins (anti-TFA antibodies). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) utilizing trifluoroacetylated rabbit serum albumin (TFA-RSA) as antigen detected anti-TFA antibodies in 67% of sera from patients for whom a clinical diagnosis of HH was made. Anti-TFA antibodies were detected in 33% of sera when using an ELISA with liver microsomal protein from halothane-treated rabbits as antigen. Absorption of the sera with untreated rabbit liver microsomal protein before using the microsomal protein ELISA resulted in detection of anti-TFA antibodies in 42% of sera. Using the presumptive hapten N-epsilon-trifluoroacetyl-1-lysine to block antibody binding in an ELISA resulted in positive detection in 50% of sera: the results did not always agree with the other ELISA methods. The TFA-RSA ELISA was the most sensitive method and, combined with the TFA-lysine blocking ELISA, resulted in 92% of sera from HH patients testing positive for HH-associated antibodies.
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PMID:Screening for antibodies associated with halothane hepatitis. 176 41

Forty-four patients aged between 12 and 64 years comprising 16 hepatitis (group 1); 12 cirrhosis (group 2); 16 primary liver cell carcinoma (group 3) and 18 normal controls were studied. In hepatitis, plasma total cholesterol and total cholesterol/phospholipid ratio were significantly reduced, while the changes in red cell cholesterol and phospholipid and plasma phospholipid were not. The blood glucose was significantly reduced. The plasma total cholesterol/phospholipid ratio was positively correlated with the plasma total bilirubin. In cirrhosis patients, red cell total cholesterol and ratio to phospholipid were significantly increased and the plasma cholesterol reduced with no significant changes in red cell and plasma phospholipids. The plasma total cholesterol/phospholipid ratio was reduced while the corresponding ratio in red cells was increased. Both total cholesterol and the ratio to phospholipid in red cells were negatively correlated with albumin and positively correlated with the plasma total bilirubin. In primary liver cell carcinoma, the plasma and red cholesterol and their ratio in the red cell were significantly increased while the ratio in plasma was not. The serum albumin levels were reduced while the liver enzymes and total bilirubin were raised in all patient groups. Our results suggest a possible relationship between liver function and cholesterol deposition in red cells in liver disease.
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PMID:Erythrocyte and plasma lipids in liver diseases. 184 97

In 230 patients (90 females, 140 males aged between 20 and 73 years, average age 47.8 years) with and without exception histologically and/or laparoscopically ascertained chronic liver diseases (degenerative damages of liver parenchyma in 45, fatty liver stage I in 28, fatty liver stage II in 36, cholangiohepatitis in 4, chronic persisting hepatitis in 31, chronic active hepatitis in 57 and liver cirrhosis in 59 cases) the incorporation of the aminophenazon breathing test in the so-called laboratory chemical liver spectrum was controlled. The restriction of the microsomal biotransformation established by means of the aminophenazon breathing test behaved parallel to the degree of severity of the disease. The aminophenazon breathing test was performed in the modification after Haustein and Schenker (1985). The largest delays in the decomposition were found in the complete cirrhotic transformation of the liver. The unequivocally pathologic result of the aminophenazon breathing test in severe irreversible damages of the liver parenchyma was confirmed by the formation of correlations with parameters of the conventional laboratory spectrum of the liver. Thus the restriction of the performance of the synthesis of the liver for coagulation factors and albumins was parallel to the loss of function of the mixed functional oxidases. In all patients with chronic liver diseases a connection between the value of the thromboplastin time (Quick's test) and result of the breathing test was found. Positive linear correlation between serum albumin and results of the breathing test could also be proved particularly in the group of the severe chronic inflammatory liver diseases. In chronic fibrosing liver diseases there were positive inverse correlations between gamma-globulin concentration in the serum and thymol turbidity test on the one hand as well as the aminophenazon breathing test on the other. There were no correlations between liver enzyme and aminophenazon breathing test. The results of the own investigations incorporate the aminophenazon breathing test as indicator of a severe liver cell damage which at the same time is established by the pathological result of the so-called synthesis parameters of the liver.
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PMID:[The diagnostic value of the aminophenazone breath test in chronic liver diseases]. 196 92

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the response of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) to recombinant alpha-interferon was related to the presence or absence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in patients with chronic non-A,non-B hepatitis. A group of 65 patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis was studied. The source of contamination was blood transfusion or administration of blood products in 32, intravenous drug addiction in 14 and unknown in 19. The patients received 1, 3 or 5 MU of recombinant alpha-interferon, three times a week, for 6 months. A complete response was defined as normal ALT by the end of recombinant alpha-interferon treatment. Sera collected before treatment were tested for anti-HCV with an enzyme immunoassay. The overall percentage of anti-HCV positive patients in the study group was 75%. There was no difference between the anti-HCV positive and the anti-HCV negative patients before the treatment with respect to age, sex ratio, source of contamination, serum albumin, prothrombin, bilirubin, ALT or prevalence of cirrhosis. In the anti-HCV positive and the anti-HCV negative groups, there was no difference in the proportion of patients receiving the 1, 3 or 5 MU dosage. The percentage of patients with complete response was not different in anti-HCV positive patients (48%) and in anti-HCV negative patients (50%). There was also no difference in the kinetics of the decrease of mean serum ALT levels between the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Is the response to recombinant alpha interferon related to the presence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis? 164 37


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