Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 28-year-old man who had suffered from erythropoietic protoporphyria since infancy was referred because of worsening photosensitivity. Conventional therapy with beta-carotene, terfenadine and topical sunscreens was ineffective or not tolerated, and he was treated with transfusions of washed packed cells. Unexpectedly, his photosensitivity deteriorated further, his whole blood protoporphyrin levels doubled and he developed abnormal liver function tests. This is the first report of such an adverse response to blood transfusion therapy for erythropoietic protoporphyria and may have been related to subclinical hepatitis or the increased iron load associated with blood transfusion.
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PMID:Erythropoietic protoporphyria, transfusion therapy and liver disease. 146 96

Protoporphyria is a disorder that usually has cutaneous symptoms. Only in a few cases liver disease develops, invariably progressing to cirrhosis and liver failure. A case of a patient who suffered from photosensitivity as a result of protoporphyria since the age of 2 is described. At age 33, she first presented with cholestatic hepatitis. At age 40, liver failure developed requiring liver transplantation. Quantitative cytofluorometry proved to be a quick and simple method in the follow-up of her erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels before, during, and after transplantation. Fluorescence correlated well with the protoporphyrin levels obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (r = 0.98), a comparably cumbersome and complicated method for the determination of protoporphyrin. In addition, single cell analysis enabled us to follow the effects of transfusion therapy on protoporphyrin levels of the patient's own erythrocytes, which has not been possible by previous methods. Thus, cytofluorometry might prove to be elegant and useful for screening and future studies on therapy and pathophysiology of protoporphyria.
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PMID:Cytofluorometry as a diagnosis of protoporphyria. 153 95

The imidazoles have been appreciated for approximately fifteen years as a family of antifungals. Most derivatives, like the protype compounds, miconazole and clotrimazole, are effective only in a topical dose form. The topical imidazoles are generally thought to be superior to other topical antifungals. The first orally available imidazole, ketoconazole has ushered in a new era of potent, oral, broad-spectrum antifungal therapy. The imidazoles as a class are the treatment of choice for four dermatophyte infection syndromes. They are the preferred alternative therapy in another six syndromes. There is insufficient data to recommend one topical azole over the other. The topicals are inadequate for control of six clinical-anatomical infection syndromes. Griseofulvin remains the standard oral therapy in all situations except chronic, extensive dermatophytosis, where ketoconazole has proven to be more efficacious. The recognition of potential significant adverse effects, namely an idiopathic hepatitis and dose-dependent adrenal and testicular dysfunction have reduced ketoconazole's potential role in the dermatophytoses. Ketoconazole is a useful alternative to griseofulvin when oral therapy is required and the causative organism is insensitive to griseofulvin, or infection fails to respond to griseofulvin, or griseofulvin is contraindicated due to allergy, photosensitivity, porphyrinuria, intolerance, etc.
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PMID:Consensus of the role and positioning of the imidazoles in the treatment of dermatophytosis. 294 Jul 92

Because a patient with arthritis (especially rheumatoid arthritis) may respond to one NSAID but not another, any addition to the ranks of these agents may be of clinical benefit to at least some of the millions of patients afflicted with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and related conditions. In terms of potency both as an antiinflammatory and as an analgesic, carprofen appears to be in the middle of the NSAID range--roughly one-fourth as potent as indomethacin, and five times as potent as ibuprofen, milligram for milligram. The two most obvious potential advantages of carprofen are that it seems to have a low profile of major gastrointestinal adverse reactions (it may cause minor complaints similar to those seen with indomethacin, but thus far has caused no documented gastric or duodenal ulcers at 300 mg/d); and that, like naproxen, it offers the convenience of twice-a-day dosing. In clinical experience thus far, the two most bothersome adverse effects seen with carprofen have been a rare but serious photosensitivity reaction and minor, temporary elevations of liver function tests in approximately 14-20% of patients treated (although as yet there have been no reported cases of jaundice or hepatitis). For some patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis or related conditions, particularly for those who cannot tolerate aspirin or indomethacin or who want or need the convenience of twice-a-day dosing, carprofen may represent a useful therapeutic option to the NSAIDs previously available in this country.
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PMID:Carprofen: a new nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug. Pharmacology, clinical efficacy and adverse effects. 355 57

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are distinct clinical disorders which rarely occur in the same patient. We report on a 65-year-old woman with coexistence of both conditions. Diagnosis of SLE was ascertained by the presence of seven ACR criteria (cutaneous lesions, photosensitivity, antinuclear and anti-double-stranded-DNA antibodies, pancytopenia, arthritis, oral lesions). PBC was disclosed by clinical investigation, liver histology and highly positive antimitochondrial M2 antibodies. The most important differential diagnoses of lupus hepatitis are PBC and autoimmune hepatitis. Diagnostic criteria for these conditions are discussed, and previous reports on overlap between SLE and PBC are reviewed.
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PMID:Unusual coexistence of systemic lupus erythematosus and primary biliary cirrhosis. 819 7

A herd of 650 Holstein cows was examined for skin disease. Approximately 400 of the lactating adults were affected, but heifers, calves, and nonlactating cows were clinically normal. The condition was characteristic of primary photosensitization. Milk production of the affected cows was normal. Affected cows did not appear to be ill, and none of the cows was icteric. Three of 7 cows had high serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activities, but in the other 4 cows, activity was within the reference range. Serum activities of other hepatic enzymes were within reference ranges in the 7 cows that were examined. Hepatic biopsy specimens from 3 cows were normal. Specimens from 4 other cows had changes that ranged from minimal to mild, chronic, lymphoplasmacytic periportal hepatitis to acute, random, necrotizing hepatitis. Development of photosensitivity was related to ingestion of alfalfa silage. Acetone extracts of the alfalfa silage, but not of other feedstuffs, were found to inhibit growth of Candida albicans under ultraviolet light. Cows experimentally fed a diet composed exclusively of the alfalfa silage developed skin lesions after 6 days, but did not have detectable serum concentrations of phylloerythrin.
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PMID:Primary photosensitization related to ingestion of alfalfa silage by cattle. 889 27

The white liver disease was first observed in the canton of Berne in 1985. Until 1995 we could observe the outbreak of the disease in seven flocks. The first clinical signs were anorexia, then delayed growth, weight loss and finally cachexy. The animals showed photosensitivity on ears, eyelids and nose. A hematological and blood biochemical examination revealed a mild normochrome, normocytic anemia as well as a significant elevation of GGT and a mild elevation of AST values. By examining the swollen grey-white to yellow livers histologically we could find a mostly pronounced, primarily panacinar, degenerative fatty degeneration of the liver, ceroid pigment in the macrophages, biliary hyperplasia as well as a secondary periportal hepatitis.
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PMID:[Occurrence of white liver dis in lambs in Switzerland]. 962 44

Amiodarone is an iodinated benzofuran derivative class III antiarrhythmic that is highly effective in suppressing ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. It is also associated with an imposing side effect profile, which often limits its use. Numerous adverse effects have been documented including skin discolouration, photosensitivity, hepatitis, thyroid dysfunction, corneal deposits, pulmonary fibrosis, bone marrow suppression and drug interactions. These side effects are thought to be correlated with the total cumulative dose of amiodarone, but idiopathic reactions have been reported. The majority of adverse reactions resolve with discontinuation of the drug; however, rapid progression may occur, which may be fatal. The present report documents a patient who had a combination of serious amiodarone toxicities that, once recognized, were treated and eventually resulted in a good outcome.
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PMID:Amiodarone pulmonary, neuromuscular and ophthalmological toxicity. 1085 6

Minocycline belongs to the second generation class of cyclines. It was synthesized in 1967 and marketed in 1972. Minocycline has an antiinfectious activity with a spectrum similar to that of other cyclines, notably against Chlamydias, Treonema and Proprionibacterium acenes. The antiinflammatory activity is associated with this antiinfectious action is greater than that of first generation cyclines with specifically a modulator effect on epidermal cytokines. The pharmokinetics of minocycline is characterized by an excellent absorption, a long half-life and an important lipophilic property inducing good tissue distribution. Clinical trials of minocycline have mainly been performed in sexually transmissible diseases and in acne, a field where randomized studies are the most frequent. These trials show that the effect of minocycline is not stronger than first generation cyclines or doxycycline, but that the action is quicker than that of tetracycline at the dose of 500 mg a day. Minocycline is also efficient in nocardiasis, mycobacteriosis, leprosy, Lyme disease, pyoderma gangrenosum, autoimmune bullous dermatitis, Carteaud disease, and prurigo. However, the effect of minocycline in these different conditions has always been evaluated in open trials with a small number of patients. The usual side effects of cyclines, i.e. digestive problems, fungal infections, are less frequent than with first generation cyclines. No photosensitivity has been demonstrated although pigmentations have been described. Dizziness is a specific side effect of minocycline. Furthermore, rare but severe side effects have been reported, including hypersensitivity syndrome, autoimmune hepatitis, and lupus. Regular indications for minocycline in dermatology are acne and three sexually transmissible diseases (mycoplasm, chlamydia, treponema). Proposed dosage is 100 mg per day in sexually transmissible disease with a reduction to 50 mg per day after 15 days in acne.
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PMID:[Minocycline]. 1142 98

This paper reviews the safety data for levofloxacin utilizing reports from clinical and post-marketing surveillance trials. The side effect incidence rates are 1.3% for nausea, 0.1% for anxiety, 0.3% for insomnia, and 0.1% for headache. No levofloxacin-related adverse events were reported at a rate higher than 1.3%, and most were lower. Four clinical trials were reported. Levofloxacin achieved superior clinical and microbiological results compared to ceftriaxone/macrolide combination, and was better tolerated. Results comparing IV azithromycin plus ceftriaxone versus 500 mg levofloxacin in hospitalised CAP demonstrated that levofloxacin performed better, with more adverse events associated with the comparators (levofloxacin 5.3%, comparators 9.3%). High-dose levofloxacin (750 mg) was also evaluated and found to be well tolerated. Surveillance data reported low ADR rates for levofloxacin: nausea 0.8%, rash 0.5%, abdominal pain 0.4%, and diarrhoea, dizziness, and vomiting 0.3%. Worldwide and US surveillance data confirmed that tendon rupture occurred in less than 4 per million prescriptions, taste perversion in less than 3 per million, convulsions in 2 per million, and photosensitivity, hepatitis, hepatic failure, QT prolongation, torsade de pointes or empyema all in less than 1 per million.
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PMID:Latest industry information on the safety profile of levofloxacin in the US. 1154 87


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