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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a retrospective study a total of 754 sera from 397 hepatitis patients were assayed for delta antigen and antibody by radioimmunoassay. The study included patients of all age groups (3 months up to 85 years) whose first serum sample, taken from 1978 until January 1984, was positive for HBsAg. Clinically the patients could be subdivided into three major groups: 311 sera were from 181 patients with acute hepatitis, 296 from 135 CPH/CAH patients, including a few cases of liver cirrhosis and 3 cases of HCC, and 147 sera were from 81 asymptomatic carriers. Delta markers were found in 30 patients (7.6%). 20 of these were under the age of 30, and 13 presented with acute, often fulminant hepatitis or (in a minority of cases) exacerbations of preexisting HBV infection. Only two symptomless carriers had anti-delta. It seems of particular interest that all 10 cases where delta antigen could be demonstrated in the first serum sample presented with acute, often fulminant hepatic disease and 9 had anti-HBc-IgM antibodies. Where a second sample could be tested (5 cases), seroconversion to anti-delta was always demonstrated. Delta superinfection could be shown in 2 cases where anti-delta antibodies appeared more than a year after HBsAg positivity was first detected.
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PMID:[Delta hepatitis in Switzerland. Determination of delta antigens and delta antibodies in 397 HBsAg-positive patients (1978-1984)]. 647 32

The precision of CA 19-9 RIA kit was evaluated by recovery, reproducibility and dilution test with very satisfactory results. The CA 19-9 value in sera from 52 healthy individuals and from 224 patients with gastric intestinal cancer and other benign disease, showed an increased positive rate in several cases of gastric intestinal cancer. For example, the positive rate in pancreatic cancer, bile duct cancer, colo-rectal cancer, gastric cancer, esophagus cancer, primary biliary cirrhosis diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis was 60%, 75%, 55.6%, 45.6%, 20%, 28.6%, 22.7%, 13.7% and 1.7% respectively. By contrast, values from patients with acute hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis, fatty liver, gastric duodenal ulcer, pancreatitis, and primary liver cancer were within the normal range. In this study, CA 19-9 RIA were found to be significant as an adjunct in the management of patients with gastrointestinal cancer, especially pancreatic cancer, and bile duct cancer.
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PMID:[Serum determination of CA 19-9 in patients with digestive cancers and its diagnostic evaluation]. 658 10

Sixteen patients were treated for liver cancer (primary and metastatic) by a combination of internal radiation therapy with intra-arterial yttrium 90 microspheres and regional hyperthermia with electromagnetic radiation. Four patients have their liver disease apparently controlled; two had a partial regression of more than 50%; and two had a partial regression of less than 50%. The complications consisted of one case of radiation hepatitis and one of peptic ulcer.
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PMID:Combination of internal radiation therapy and hyperthermia to treat liver cancer. 661 86

Although many viral agents may be associated with inflammatory hepatic changes, the vast majority of clinically important viral hepatitis is caused by hepatitis A, hepatitis B and the non A, non B agents. Infection of the liver of man by these hepatotropic agents is still a major public health problem in all parts of the world and constitutes a major hazard of the transfusion of blood and plasma derivatives. The magnitude of this hepatitis problem is not only documented by the about 200 million carriers of the hepatitis-B virus throughout the world, many of them asymptomatic, but also by the fact, that hepatitis B and non A, non B may progress to chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and probably primary liver cancer. Potentially important pathogenetic determinants include viral factors such as subtype, dosage and mode of transmission and host factors such as age, sex, preexisting liver disease, coexisting non-liver disease (diabetes etc.), genetics and immune response to viral or autoantigens. As the virus itself seems not directly cytopathic, the diversity of lesions has been attributed to variation in the capacity of the host's response.
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PMID:[Virus-induced liver diseases in humans. I. Viral hepatitis]. 681 82

A radioimmunoassay was developed for the direct quantification of aldolase B in human serum and tissues. The method is a double antibody radioimmunoassay technique using radioiodinated aldolase B homopolymer as ligand, chicken antibodies to aldolase B and rabbit antibodies to chicken IgG. This radioimmunoassay was shown to be specific for the aldolase B subunit, with no cross-reactivity with either human aldolase A subunit or homopolymeric human aldolase C (C4). The lowest measurable amount by this method was 2 ng/ml. Aldolase B is predominantly found in normal liver tissue, with relatively high aldolase B levels also observed in kidney. Aldolase B levels in the serum obtained from 11 normal subjects ranged from 23 to 38 ng/ml, with a mean of 28.5 +/- 9.2 (S.D.) ng/ml. Almost all of patients with hepatitis had serum aldolase B levels greater than 30 ng/ml. In cancer patients, serum aldolase B was slightly elevated in patients with metastatic liver cancer and primary lever cell carcinoma, whereas no elevation of serum aldolase B was shown in patients without liver metastasis.
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PMID:Human aldolase B subunit-specific radioimmunoassay. 682 89

A retrospective case-control study was conducted to identify occupational risk factors associated with primary liver cancer in New Jersey, with particular focus on agricultural occupations and pesticide exposures. Hospital record room, tumor registry, and death certificate searches for the diagnosis of primary liver cancer resulted in identification of 959 cases of which 335 were subsequently confirmed. Interviews were completed for 265 persons with liver cancer diagnosed between January 1, 1975 and March 1, 1980 and for 530 matched controls; 96% of all interviews were conducted with family members of deceased or incompetent study subjects. Analyses of employment in agricultural occupations identified male farm laborers as having an odds ratio of 1.89 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-3.00). An estimated relative risk of 3.20 (CI 1.11-9.21) was found for males engaged in winemaking. Among nonagricultural occupations, elevated risks were found for males working as bartenders and those employed in eating and drinking places, laundries and dry cleaning services, and gasoline service stations. An elevated risk of liver cancer was also associated with females employed as cleaning service workers. Hepatitis and cirrhosis could not be evaluated as risk factors in this study. Dose-response trends by level of alcohol consumption were found for both males and females.
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PMID:Occupational risk factors and liver cancer. A retrospective case-control study of primary liver cancer in New Jersey. 683 58

Variation of incidence of HBe antigen (HBeAg) and HBe antibody (anti-HBe) was examined by use of RIA in 72 patients with HBsAg positive liver diseases. 1) Percentage of positive HBeAg was highest (71.5%) in chronic active hepatitis with lobular distortion, followed by chronic active hapatitis without lobular distortion (70.0%) and acute hepatitis in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers (66.7%). In contrast, it was low in chronic inactive hepatitis (35.7%) and liver cirrhosis (38.5%). None of liver cancers showed HBeAg positive reaction. 2) Percentage of positive HBe antibody (anti-HBe) was highest in liver cancer (100%), followed by liver cirrhosis (61.5%) and chronic inactive hepatitis (50.0%). In acute hepatitis from asymptomatic HBsAg carriers no anti-HBe was found. In chronic active hepatitis the percentage of positive anti-HBe was low, 21.4 and 30.0% with and without lobular distortion, respectively. 3) In 45 patients with persistently positive HBsAg liver diseases, fluctuations of HBeAg and anti-HBe were followed over a period of one year in relation to serum GPT values, an indicator of clinical conditions. Serum GPT tended to fluctuate or to remain high in patients with persistently positive HBeAg or with sporadically positive HBeAg or anti-HBe, whereas it tended to become low or normal with persistently positive anti-HBe or with seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe. However, there were some exceptions to this tendency. From these results we concluded that it is clinically of significant value to determine HBeAg and anti-HBe levels for the effective assessment of the activity and time course of HBsAg positive liver diseases.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of HBeAg and anti-HBe in HBsAg positive liver diseases]. 684 Jun 66

To study autoantibodies against liver cell surface membrane clinically, anti-LP-1 and anti-Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THGP) were determined in the sera of patients with various liver diseases. They were detected by ADCC assay using antigen-coated cells as the target. A high incidence of anti-LP-1 was seen in chronic hepatitis (CH), liver cirrhosis (LC), primary hepatic cancer with cirrhosis (PHC), and primary biliary cirrhosis. The incidence of anti-THGP was also high in CH, LC, and PHC. Both anti-LP-1 and anti-THGP were detected in 2 of 3 patients with lupoid hepatitis. The patients studied here had no obvious evidence of renal tubular acidosis or pyelonephritis. Serum alanine transaminase activity, serum gamma-globulin content, and the presence of rheumatoid factors were not associated significantly with the presence of anti-LP-1 or anti-THGP in chronic liver disease. In 7 cases of CH tested serially during their clinical course, anti-LP-1 and/or anti-THGP tended to appear during acute exacerbations. The demonstration of anti-LP-1 and anti-THGP suggested that their appearance was related to the development of chronic liver disease.
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PMID:Studies on anti-LP-1 and anti-Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in chronic liver disease using ADCC assay against antigen-coated target cells. 718 May 72

Osaka, Japan, has one of the highest, primary liver cancer (PLC) incidence-rates in the world, although hepatitis-B virus (HBV) is not endemic. This paper addresses the question of whether the PLC-incidence variation within Osaka Prefecture is due to differences in the prevalence of hepatitis-C virus (HCV) infection. The screening data of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) and of hepatitis-B virus antigen (HBsAg) in 111,069 male blood-donors, and the incidence data of male PLC obtained from the Osaka Cancer Registry were examined. In a multiple-weighted regression analysis, the age-standardized incidence rate of PLC in the 61 counties within Osaka was correlated significantly with the age-standardized prevalence of anti-HCV with adjustment for that of HBsAg (regression coefficient [RC] = 7.26, P < 0.0001). This finding was consistent with the relationship between the PLC incidence rate and the prevalence of high-titer (> or = 2(12)) anti-HCV (RC = 11.18, P < 0.0001). There was significant association between the prevalence of HBsAg and the PLC incidence rate with adjustment for that of anti-HCV (RC = 7.08, P = 0.018). These findings suggest that the PLC-incidence variation within Osaka is correlated with the geographic pattern of HCV infection as well as that of HBV infection among the residents.
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PMID:Primary liver cancer incidence-rates related to hepatitis-C virus infection: a correlational study in Osaka, Japan. 751 Jan 33

The authors investigated the distribution of HCV genotypes in patients with various chronic liver diseases in Korea. Study population was 70 individuals, positive for second generation anti-HCV EIA, consisting of 37 cases with sporadic non-A, non-B (NANB) chronic hepatitis (CH), 12 NANB hepatocellular carcinoma, 16 post-transfusion NANB hepatitis, 4 non-B blood donors and 1 healthy family member of a patient with sporadic CH. Molecular typing was performed by RT-nested PCR with type-specific primer sets deduced from the NS-5 region of HCV. The prevalence of type II was 75.0% and type III was 25.0% in sera. In liver tissues, type II HCV was shown in 63.0%, type III HCV in 3.7% and co-infections with type II and III HCV were observed in 18.5% of 27 samples biopsied. In the sera of patients with chronic hepatitis, typing results were relatively well correlated with those in tissues (75%), but type III could not be observed. Among 12 HCC patients, type III HCV appeared only in tissues, not in sera. These results suggest that type II HCV may be the major HCV type in Korea, and co-infections with type II and-III HCV may not be rare in chronic liver diseases with HCV.
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PMID:Molecular typing of hepatitis C virus genome from sera and liver tissues of patients with anti-HCV positive chronic liver disease. 751 42


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