Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previously we established that 'LEC rats' have displayed spontaneous fulminant hepatitis with severe jaundice, which progressed to liver cancer, and a single autosomal recessive gene is responsible for the cause of the diseases. The activities of drug metabolizing enzymes were assayed in livers from LEC and control (LEA) rats at 4 weeks and 3 months before the onset of liver cancer. At 4 weeks the cytochrome P-450 content of the LEC rat livers was 43% of the control (LEA) value. At 3 months the level was 65% of the control. Epoxide hydrolase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and UDP-glucuronyltransferase activities were 2.6-, 6.9- and 2.4-times higher than those in the LEA rats at 4 weeks, respectively, while glutathione S-transferase activity was not significantly different between the two strains. The enzyme changes in the LEC rats are quite similar to those observed in hyperplastic foci and nodules in chemical carcinogenesis of hepatocytes.
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PMID:Metabolic predisposition of a novel mutant (LEC rats) to hereditary hepatitis and hepatoma: alterations of the drug metabolizing enzymes. 290 Jul 2

Postprandial sera of seventy patients with liver disease (hepatitis 30, cirrhosis 19, liver cancer 21) were analysed for total serum bile acids. The mean values observed in hepatitis (169.0 mumol/L), cirrhosis (112.15) and liver cancer (86.44) were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than in normal (19.45). The frequency of abnormal bile acids was greater than that of the standard liver function tests except for alkaline phosphatase in liver cancer.
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PMID:Comparison of serum bile acids with standard liver function tests in the diagnosis of liver disease. 291 18

The relative risk for developing primary liver cancer in northern Italian users of oral contraceptives, compared to matched controls was calculated based on reported cases in hospitals in the greater Milan area from 1984-1987. The incidence of and mortality from primary liver cancer, as well as the prevalence of oral contraceptive usage, have both been rising to Italy since the late 1950s. 21 cases of liver cancer, in women aged 32-59 (median 50), occurred in the Milan area during the study period. These women, and 145 controls matched for age but admitted to hospitals for a variety of non-neoplastic diseases, were interviewed with a structured questionnaire covering socio-demographics, life style, diet, medical history, and history of use of oral contraceptives and other drugs. 19.0% of the cases had used oral contraceptives compared to 7.6% of controls, a relative risk of 1.8 for up to 5 years' use, and 8.3 for 5 years. History of hepatitis was associated with 14% of cases and 7% of controls. Italians have a higher incidence of liver neoplasms that northern Europeans and Americans, probably because of higher incidence of risk factors, such as hepatitis and alcohol use. The attributable risk for oral contraception, however, is lower in this population.
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PMID:Oral contraceptives and primary liver cancer. 293 Jul 15

Anti-pre-S2 antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immuno-absorbant assay using a synthetic peptide analogue of pre-S2 protein, in different groups of hepatitis-B-infected subjects, including patients presenting with cirrhosis and liver cancer, and also in infants immunized with hepatitis B vaccine. Anti-pre-S2 antibodies were not detected in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) chronic carriers, including patients with cirrhosis or primary liver cancer. Anti-pre-S2 antibodies were not detected in HBsAg-positive sera during the early phase of acute hepatitis. They were only noted upon recovery, when anti-HBs antibodies are detectable at the same time as HBsAg. After recovery, anti-pre-S2 antibodies were noted in 57% of test sera and were still detectable in 16% of anti-HBs-positive sera obtained years after HBV infection. Anti-pre-S2 antibodies were detected in 70% of infants immunized with 2 or 5 micrograms doses of Hevac B Pasteur vaccine, confirming that this vaccine contains pre-S2 antigen. Anti-pre-S2 detection was correlated with the anti-HBs antibody titre.
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PMID:Anti-pre-S2 antibodies in natural hepatitis B virus infection and after immunization. 297 89

Recombinant DNA techniques have recently contributed a great deal of informations on hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Serum HBV-DNA appeared as the most sensitive marker of viral replication activity both in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and in anti-HBe-positive patients. In the latter group, a significant correlation between serum viral DNA positivity and liver disease activity was present. In our experience, more than 50% of anti-HBe-positive cases with chronic liver disease showed circulating HBV-DNA, while none of healthy HBsAg chronic carriers was found positive for serum HBV-DNA. In type B acute hepatitis, viral nucleic acid sequences were detectable only in a small number of uncomplicated cases, but were observed in all the patients who progressed to chronic hepatitis. HBV-DNA represents therefore an early and useful prognostic parameter in acute infection. Several epidemiological studies have established a striking correlation between HBV infection and development of hepatoma. Using molecular hybridization techniques, viral DNA has been identified in liver cancer cells. Finally, HBV-DNA has also been identified in the pancreas, kidney, skin, bile ducts and in cells of the vascular system. In addition, the presence of viral genome has been recently identified in circulating lymphocytes of patients with acute or chronic HBsAg-positive hepatitis. These findings add further informations to the understanding of viral biology and of virus-host interactions in the natural history of the infection and associated liver disease.
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PMID:Recombinant DNA techniques in the study of hepatitis B virus infection. 299 3

Significant research evidence has demonstrated an association between persistent infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the generation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These findings are based on epidemiologic studies, molecular studies and studies of HBV like viruses. Epidemiologically, the geographic correlation between HBV infection and HCC, serum HBsAg in patients with HCC, familial clustering of HCC, prospective studies, and pathological studies are discussed. Molecular studies of HBV, the structure of HBV DNA as related to retroviruses and integration of HBV DNA into the host DNA are demonstrated. The structure and replication of HBV are somewhat similar to those of retroviruses. The incidence of HBV DNA integration into the host chromosome of the patients with HBV infection is high. The structure of integrated HBV DNA sequences and flanking sequences was analyzed in many cases. However, none of the classical mechanisms of viral oncogenesis has thus far been demonstrated. The role of HBV in HCC is not understood at the molecular level. HBV may act as just an initiator, or HBV DNA integration may have an active role in liver cancer. The woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) is the most oncogenic and suitable animal model. Using this model, we show some results of our experiments.
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PMID:[HBV and hepatocellular carcinoma]. 303 Jan 95

Two major etiological agents, hepatitis B virus and aflatoxin B1, are considered to be involved in the induction of liver cancer in Africa. In order to elucidate any synergistic effect of these two agents we conducted a study in various parts of Kenya with different liver cancer incidence in order to establish the rate of exposure to aflatoxin and the prevalence of hepatitis infections. Of all tested individuals 12.6% were positive for aflatoxin exposure as indicated by the urinary excretion of aflatoxin B1-guanine. Assuming no annual and seasonal variation, a regional variation in the exposure was observed. The highest rate of aflatoxin exposure was found in the Western Highlands and Central Province. The incidence of hepatitis infection nationwide as measured by the presence of the surface antigens was 10.6%, but a wide regional variation was observed. A multiplicative and additive regression analysis to investigate if hepatitis and aflatoxin exposure had a synergetic effect in the induction of liver cancer was negative. However, a moderate degree of correlation between the exposure to aflatoxin and liver cancer was observed when the study was limited to certain ethnic groups. The study gives additional support to the hypothesis that aflatoxin is a human liver carcinogen.
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PMID:Aflatoxin exposure measured by urinary excretion of aflatoxin B1-guanine adduct and hepatitis B virus infection in areas with different liver cancer incidence in Kenya. 303 16

The regenerative process was evaluated in terms of liver size, function, and histology in 28 adults who had major hepatic resection: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 21, secondary liver cancer from colorectum in four, carcinoma of the gallbladder in one, Klatskin tumor in one, and Caroli's disease in one. There were 22 men and six women. Ages ranged from 17 to 74 years with a mean age of 56.7. All patients with HCC had underlying liver disease: liver cirrhosis in 14 and chronic hepatitis in seven. Extended right lobectomy was done on 10 patients, right lobectomy on 16 patients, and left lobectomy on two patients. The residual liver size was serially estimated with computed tomography (CT) in 15 patients: six with normal liver, five with chronic hepatitis, and four with cirrhosis. A complete restoration of the residual liver size was found within 3 months in 3 and 6 months, respectively, in two patients with normal livers. The liver was enlarged in all patients with the parenchymal diseases but obviously more slowly compared with normal liver. Liver functions were restored normally within 2-3 weeks in patients with normal livers, but hyperbilirubinemia persisted longer in those with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. A continuous rise of bilirubin was an ominous sign of liver failure and subsequent death, which occurred in five patients with cirrhosis. Serum alpha-fetoprotein did not rise in accordance with the regeneration. Histologically, evidence of active regeneration with increased mitotic activity was found at 10 and 35 days in those patients with normal livers. Mitosis was not seen in a specimen taken at 7 days. Enlarged cuboidal hepatocytes and cells with basophilic cytoplasm or two nuclei were observed more or less in all specimens. The livers with cirrhosis or hepatitis also showed histologic evidence of regeneration during the first 2 months but substantially less compared with normal liver, which was well supported by the volumetric study of the liver remnants with CT.
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PMID:Human liver regeneration after major hepatic resection. A study of normal liver and livers with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. 303 39

Recent reports have demonstrated the possibility of using ultrasound to detect hepatocellular carcinomas under 3 cm (small HCC). Our aim was to assess the incidence of small HCC in an Italian ultrasonographic series. Among 17,133 scans of unselected patients, we detected 85 HCC, 9 of which were under 3 cm. All patients had cirrhosis and 6 were HBsAg positive. An echo-guided biopsy was performed in all cases, and the diagnosis was always correct. We conclude that echographic follow-up is warranted in Italy for cases at risk for HCC such as HBsAg+ cirrhotics and patients with chronic aggressive HBsAg+ hepatitis older than 35, in agreement with the reports of Far Eastern authors.
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PMID:Small hepatocellular carcinoma: an Italian experience. 303 16

This is a retrospective review of 43 patients who had primary liver cancer diagnosed during 1974-1983. Patients' ages ranged from 27 to 84 years (median 52.5). Nine of 39 patients with hepatoma were females, while two of the four patients with cholangiocarcinoma were women. Hepatitis surface antigen was positive in 90% tested, and 62% had cirrhosis. Also, 60-65% were heavy users of alcohol and cigarettes. Alpha-fetoprotein was elevated in one of four white patients, and in six of eight patients of other races (75%). Tissue diagnosis was obtained by peritoneoscopy in 16, by percutaneous biopsy in 7, by laparotomy in 9, and at autopsy in 11. Only one of 11 patients who were explored has his lesion resected. About half of the cases diagnosed antemortem died 1 month or less after diagnosis. The median survival of hepatoma patients who had no specific treatment or systemic chemotherapy was 2 months. Two patients who received chemotherapy in conjunction with occlusion of the hepatic artery lived 16 to 19 months.
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PMID:Primary liver cancer in a referral hospital in Hawaii. 303 54


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