Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To assess whether the hepatitis C virus plays an important role in Chinese patients with acute and chronic liver disease, antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) were measured by enzyme immunoassay in 67 patients with type A and B acute viral hepatitis, 165 patients with non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis, 438 patients with chronic hepatitis, 200 patients with postnecrotic liver cirrhosis, 72 patients with alcoholic liver disease, 55 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver, 24 patients with toxic and drug-induced hepatitis, and 20 patients with other chronic liver diseases. Anti-HCV was not detected in sera from patients with type A and B acute viral hepatitis, toxic and drug-induced hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, Wilson's disease, or lupoid hepatitis. The anti-HCV prevalence was found to be highest in patients with NANB hepatitis (59% in sporadic and 73.2% in transfusion-associated), 16.4% in non-alcoholic fatty liver, 5.6% in alcoholic liver disease, 6.8% in chronic hepatitis, and 16% in postnecrotic liver cirrhosis. In patients with chronic hepatitis, the anti-HCV prevalence was significantly higher in HBsAg-negative (15/34, 44.1%) than in HBsAg-positive cases (15/404, 3.7%; P less than 0.0001). The results indicate that HCV is a major agent of NANB hepatitis and plays an important role in HBsAg-negative chronic liver disease in Taiwan.
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PMID:Prevalence of anti-HCV among Chinese patients with acute and chronic liver disease. 131 64

We reviewed the records of all patients with a diagnosis of malignancy who were treated at our center and who had not had chemotherapy for at least 18 months, to assess the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative hepatitis, to assess the prevalence of a marker of hepatitis C virus infection, and to determine the severity of chronic liver disease. Of 557 eligible patients, 38 (6.8%) had chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis. Of these 38 patients, 20 (52.6%) had a marker of hepatitis C virus infection. The prevalence of chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis was higher in patients previously treated for leukemia than in patients treated for another malignancy (11.8% vs 4.6%; p = 0.004). The liver biopsy revealed chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis or both in 8 (28%) of 28 patients with clinical chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis. Four patients without hepatitis C virus infection who underwent liver biopsy had hepatitis B virus antigen in the liver, confirmed by immunohistochemistry studies. One patient uninfected with hepatitis C virus had hemochromatosis. We conclude that infection with hepatitis C virus was the major cause of chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis in pediatric patients previously treated for malignancy; the cause remained unidentified in 30% of the patients.
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PMID:Chronic hepatitis B surface antigen-negative hepatitis after treatment of malignancy. 132 Jun 73

The clinical features of 'cryptogenic' chronic liver disease and the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in serum have been investigated in 33 Italian children (mean age 5 years). The diagnosis was based on the persistence of increased alanineaminotransferase values for longer than 6 months after the exclusion of biliary diseases, of extra-hepatic causes of hypertransaminasemia, of infection with known hepatotropic viruses and of autoimmune or metabolic disorders. Five patients had been transfused early in life, three had undergone surgery and one girl's mother had had acute non-A, non-B hepatitis during pregnancy. The remaining patients had no history of overt parenteral exposure. At presentation only 11 patients were symptomatic, the others had been referred after a check-up for intercurrent diseases. Liver histology performed in 21 cases showed persistent or mild active hepatitis in 18 cases and severe hepatitis or cirrhosis in three cases. Anti-HCV antibodies were found in 48% of the cases, including 88% with obvious exposure and 33% of the remaining cases. During a mean follow-up period of 5 years (range 1-14 years) only 11% of the cases achieved sustained biochemical remission, although none developed signs of liver failure. There was no significant difference in the clinical features and outcome of the disease between anti-HCV-positive and -negative patients. The results of this study suggest that HCV is implicated in most cases of 'cryptogenic' chronic liver disease observed in Italian children with a history of parenteral exposure and in at least one-third of the cases without overt exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cryptogenic chronic liver disease and hepatitis C virus infection in children. 132 75

We evaluated the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA and antibody (anti-HCVcore) to the putative HCV core protein in Japanese patients with chronic liver disease. Sera were screened by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay with a recombinant HCV core protein and by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test which directly detects the HCV genome. Anti-HCV core was detected with high titers in 95% (69/73) of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis, and 94% (65/69) of anti-HCVcore-positive patients had the genome. Anti-HCVcore was also found with lower titers in 24% (10/41) of chronic hepatitis B virus carriers, and three of them had the genome. Only one (3%) of the 35 patients negative for anti-HCVcore tested positive to RT-PCR. These findings indicate the overwhelming prevalence of HCV infection in Japanese patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis and a close relationship between the presence of anti-HCVcore and chronic hepatitis C in this population.
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PMID:HCV RNA and antibody to HCV core protein in Japanese patients with chronic liver disease. 132 84

Approximately half of the patients with type C hepatitis do not have a history of parenteral exposure. The route of nonparenteral infection remains unknown. To evaluate the possible role of body fluids, the existence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in saliva, urine, seminal fluid, and ascites was examined by "nested" polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplification of the HCV 5' noncoding sequences was carried out. The amplified product was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization and restriction endonuclease digestion. Among 34 patients with chronic liver disease who were positive for anti-HCV and serum HCV RNA, the prevalence of HCV RNA in body fluids was 100% (7/7) in ascites, 48% (15/31) in saliva, 24% (4/17) in seminal fluid, and 7% (2/29) in urine. The body fluids collected from 3 healthy subjects and 5 patients with chronic liver disease who were positive for anti-HCV but negative for serum HCV RNA were all negative for HCV RNA. Hence, the potential infectivity of body fluids in patients testing negative for serum HCV RNA can probably be discounted. Conversely, the presence of HCV RNA in saliva and seminal fluid of patients positive for serum HCV RNA suggests sexual and household contact as likely modes of nonparenteral transmission of type C hepatitis. Furthermore, the high prevalence of HCV RNA in ascites and saliva may have important implications in medical and dental practice.
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PMID:Detection of HCV RNA in saliva, urine, seminal fluid, and ascites. 133 8

To clarify the role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in chronic liver disease, sera from Japanese patients which were negative by the original anti-HCV assay (Ortho) were subjected to a second-generation anti-HCV assay based on a combination of structural (C22) and nonstructural (C200) recombinant HCV proteins. Of 29 patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis, 20 (69%) were anti-HCV-positive by the second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and also positive by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) which detects the HCV genome. Of 41 chronic hepatitis B virus carriers, 3 (7%) were positive by the second-generation ELISA; 1 of 3 was positive by RT-PCR. The HCV genome was detected in all cases positive for anti-HCV with high titers. Of 59 healthy subjects negative by the second-generation ELISA, none were positive by RT-PCR. These findings indicate that HCV is a major causative agent of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis in Japan and that second-generation ELISA is specific and a more sensitive diagnostic assay for chronic hepatitis C.
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PMID:Improved serodiagnosis of chronic hepatitis C in Japan by a second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 133 14

To investigate the frequency of exposure to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in chronic liver disease, sera from Japanese patients were tested with the original anti-HCV assay (Ortho) and an anti-HCV assay based on synthetic peptides corresponding to a variety of regions in the HCV genome. Thirty-one (67%) of 46 patients with chronic non-A,non-B hepatitis were anti-HCV-positive by the Ortho ELISA, 20 of whom were also positive by ELISA based on synthetic HCV peptides. Eight (53%) of the 15 patients negative by the Ortho ELISA tested positive for anti-HCV by ELISA based on HCV peptides. Serum HCV RNA was detected in all cases positive for antibody to the HCV peptide and in 14 (78%) of 18 cases without antibody. Thirty-seven hepatitis B virus carriers were without anti-HCV by the Ortho ELISA and were negative for serum HCV RNA, six (16%) of whom were positive by ELISA based on HCV peptides. Antibody responses were directed against each synthetic HCV peptide used, with a considerable difference in incidence, indicating possible expression of the corresponding region in the course of HCV propagation. These findings indicate that exposure to HCV may be more common than expected based on the results of the Ortho ELISA.
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PMID:Antibodies to a putative hepatitis C virus polyprotein in Japanese patients with chronic liver disease. 133 32

Serum type IV collagen fragment (7S collagen domain) was measured in 30 controls and 152 liver disease patients with a radioimmunoassay using a polyclonal antibody to human placenta 7S collagen. The serum concentrations of 7S collagen (mean +/- SD) were 4.2 +/- 0.9 ng/mL in controls, 5.1 +/- 2.0 ng/mL in acute hepatitis, 6.5 +/- 2.5 ng/mL in chronic inactive hepatitis, 9.5 +/- 3.8 ng/mL in chronic active hepatitis, 14.4 +/- 7.5 ng/mL in liver cirrhosis, and 14.4 +/- 6.9 ng/mL in hepatocellular carcinoma. In acute hepatitis, 7S collagen was slightly increased, whereas type III procollagen N-peptide and prolyl hydroxylase were markedly increased. In chronic liver disease, 7S collagen concentrations increased with the severity of the disease, and also reflected the degree of fibrosis. The serum 7S collagen concentrations were significantly correlated with those of type III procollagen N-peptide and prolyl hydroxylase in all subjects. These results suggest that serum 7S collagen concentration is a useful diagnostic aid for determining hepatic collagen metabolism in liver diseases.
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PMID:Clinical significance of serum 7S collagen in various liver diseases. 133 51

Fifty-five patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV)-associated neonatal hepatitis (NH) were followed for 12 to 90 months. Six patients (10.9%) died from either a fulminant course or a chronic liver disease. Among the remaining 49 patients, whose liver function was completely recovered, there were eight with retardation of developmental or growth status, and two with hearing impairment. Overall, 20.4% of the survivors suffered from a long-term impact. The unfavorable outcome was related to several clinical and pathological parameters. These included persistence of clay-colored stool, presence of splenomegaly, ascites or anemia, high peak total and direct bilirubin, low nadir albumin levels, diffuse giant cell transformation and cirrhosis of the liver. The seropositivity of CMV infection did not significantly correlate with the outcome.
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PMID:Cytomegalovirus-associated neonatal hepatitis. 133 53

It has recently been shown that ursodeoxycholic acid administration improves liver function tests in patients with chronic liver diseases. Aim of the present study was to evaluate an ursodeoxycholic acid derivative (bis-hemisuccinate bisodic salt Ursodamor, Farmaceutici Damor, Napoli) in patients with chronic hepatitis. Forty patients (15 M, 25 F) with biopsy proven chronic liver disease participated to the study. Patients were randomly allocated to two treatment groups. Twenty patients (4 PBC, 11 CAH/CPH, 5 cirrhosis) received the ursodeoxycholic acid derivate at the dose of 600 mg/day, while 20 patients (1 PBC, 11 CAH/CPH, 8 cirrhosis) received a placebo. For both groups the treatment period was six months. ALT serum levels were significantly reduced in the treated group (from 84 +/- 14 to 62 +/- 14 p less than 0.0005) while no significant change was observed in the placebo group. In the treated group but not in the placebo group alkaline phosphatases and gamma-GT were also significantly reduced (from 268 +/- 56 to 160 +/- 23 p less than 0.0005 and from 79 +/- 21 to 45 +/- 10 p less than 0.0005). In conclusion, our results suggest that the administration of the ursodeoxycholic acid derivate, bis-hemisuccinate, bisodic salt, improves liver function tests in patients with chronic liver hepatitis. Similarly to ursodeoxycholic acid this new derivate probably interferes with bile acid pool composition by replacing the more detergent and probably more toxic endogenous bile acid.
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PMID:[Effects of therapy with bis-hemisuccinate of ursodeoxycholic acid bisodium salt in patients with chronic hepatitis]. 135 68


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