Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Disordered gustatory acuity was demonstrated in 22 patients with acute viral hepatitis and in 16 patients with chronic liver disease utilizing subjective responses and objective measurements of detection and recognition thresholds and scaling for NaCl, sucrose, HCl, and urea. In patients with early hepatitis and those with chronic liver disease, the magnitude and the uniformity of the threshold elevations were comparable, implying that disordered gustatory acuity reflects disordered hepatic function per se. Patients with acute hepatitis showed a significant fall in taste thresholds (improvement in acuity) as the hepatitis waned, indicating that the gustatory defect is reversible. This disorder of gustatory acuity may contribute to the anorexia commonly found in patients with liver disease.
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PMID:Disordered gustatory acuity in liver disease. 125 40

A controlled clinical trial comparing 2-Mercapto-Priopionyl-Glycine (2-MPG) plus B12 vitamin with B12 vitamin alone in chronic liver disease has been conducted in seven hospitals in Italy. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of liver histology; group I included 26 patients showing histological evidence for chronic persistent hepatitis (C.P.H.) (according to De Groote et al.) whereas group II consisted of 54 patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis (C.A.H.) or compensated liver cirrhosis. Patients of each group were randomly allocated to 2-MPG plus B12 vitamin, or to placebo plus B12 vitamin, in a double-blind way. The drug (or placebo) was diluted in 500 ml of 10% Levulose, and administered intravenously; 1000 gamma of B12 vitamin were added to each bottle. Patients in the 2-MPG group received 2.5 gms of the drug daily; the treatment lasted for 30 days. The following parameters were checked in all patients on admission, and repeated at the end of treatment: Serum bilirubin, serum Cholesterol, A.P., BSP retention, Prothrombin time, S-GOT, S-GPT, Gamma-GT, Total serum Protein, serum electrophoresis, Immunoglobulins. Patients given 2-MPG showed significant decreases of serum transaminases, and improvement of BSP retention.
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PMID:[Controlled clinical trial of 2-mercapto-propionyl-glycine in chronic hepatopathies]. 125 87

The extent of involvement of hepatitis C, as compared to hepatitis A and hepatitis B, virus infection in acute and chronic liver disease in the Asir Region, southwestern Saudi Arabia, was assessed in 898 patients hospitalized during the period from June 1990 to November 1991. Acute icteric hepatitis cases with severe onset were distinguished by their referral to the fever hospital while cases with milder onset and those with chronic hepatitis were followed at two general hospitals. Antibodies to the c-100-3 antigen of hepatitis C virus (anti HCV) were detected in a significant proportion of patients with chronic liver disease (chronic active hepatitis (65%), cirrhosis (44%)). Anti HCV was also detected in patients with acute hepatitis with milder onset at the general hospitals (10.9%) but proportionately much less in patients at the fever referral hospital (< 1%) where hepatitis A (52%) and, to a lesser extent hepatitis B (11%), were mostly diagnosed. These results indicate that HCV is a major identifiable infection in hospitalized patients with chronic liver disease in this region but that anti HCV antibodies (c-100-3) are not detected, at least at onset, in sporadic cases with acute manifestations. Testing for additional viral antigens or RNA and a longer follow-up period would be required before exclusion of a role for HCV in acute disease. Alternatively, other viral and non-viral agents may be sought in this illness.
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PMID:Serodiagnosis of hepatitis C in acute and chronic liver disease in southwestern Saudi Arabia. 128 Dec 39

We constructed a cDNA library against the plasma obtained from the patient with acute exacerbation of non-A, non-B liver cirrhosis, and immunoscreened this library with the sera obtained from the patients with non-A, non-B chronic liver disease. One positive clone lambda 22C containing about 1.2 kb cDNA insert was isolated from 10(6) clones. Nucleotide sequence determination and subsequent homology search revealed its identity to the tolA gene of Escherichia coli. Anti-tolA antibody was detected in 54.5% of the patients with NANB chronic liver disease whose sera were negative for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-C100). In contrast, anti-tolA was detected only of 14.6% patients with anti-C100 positive NANB chronic liver disease, 10.5% with hepatitis B surface antigen-positive chronic liver disease, 7.7% with alcoholic liver disease and 4.2% in normal control, and no positive case in acute hepatitis of etiology and in primary biliary cirrhosis. However, antibody to the core protein of hepatitis C virus (anti-JCC) was detected 50% of the patients whose sera were negative for anti-C100 but positive for anti-tolA. Recently, it has been reported that hepatitis C virus is rich in mutations and has some variants. These results indicated the presence of a common epitope between the tolA protein and some agent related to non-A, non-B hepatitis, especially to anti-C100 negative non-A, non-B hepatitis such as variants of hepatitis C virus which have mutations in C100 coded region.
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PMID:Anti-tolA antibody in non-A, non-B chronic liver disease. 128 59

The prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was studied using a second-generation ELISA test in 121 patients with self-limiting acute hepatitis B, including 63 intravenous drug addicts (IVDA). Within the first month after the onset of illness, 47.1% of the patients were anti-HCV positive, this figure reaching 52.1% six months later. The prevalence in the sixth month was significantly higher in the IVDA (93.6%) than in the non-IVDA (6.9%) (p < 0.00001). Among the IVDA, anti-HCV was more frequent in those with (100%) than in those without hepatitis delta virus (HDV) coinfection (84.6%) (p = 0.004). Of the 63 anti-HCV positive patients, 36 (57.1%) continued to exhibit abnormal transaminase levels for more than six months, while this was not observed in anti-HCV negative patients. These results show a high prevalence of infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) in IVDA with acute B hepatitis. As a rule, infection by HCV occurred prior to the hepatitis B infection, although occasionally simultaneous infections were observed. HCV appears to be the agent responsible for chronic liver disease in patients with acute B hepatitis who become HBsAg negative.
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with acute hepatitis B. 128 57

To define better the epidemiology and clinical impact of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection among hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers in less developed countries, the authors prospectively studied a cohort of 216 Yucpa Indian HBV carriers in Venezuela. HBV carriers were followed regularly between 1983 and 1988 by physical examination, laboratory testing for liver enzymes and HBV and HDV markers, and epidemiologic history. Among the cohort, 74 (34%) were initially positive for HDV infection, and 35 additional persons became infected during the study. Risk factors for new HDV infection included living in southern Yucpa villages; being young adults (15-19 years) or young children (1-9 years), and living in a household with a person with acute HDV infection. Persons with HDV infection were at high risk of developing chronic liver disease; 56% of HDV-infected persons had moderate-to-severe chronic liver disease at the end of the study compared with none of the HBV carriers without HDV infection. Mortality rates were 6.9% and 8.8% per year, respectively, among initially HDV-positive HBV carriers and those with new HDV infection, because of rapidly progressive chronic liver disease and fulminant hepatitis; mortality was significantly lower in HBV carriers without HDV infection and in non-HBV carriers. HDV superinfection is a devastating disease in HBV carriers in tropical South America. Prevention of HBV infection with hepatitis B vaccine is the best available tool to reduce the impact of this problem.
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PMID:Epidemiology and long-term consequences of hepatitis delta virus infection in the Yucpa Indians of Venezuela. 128 80

A study of hepatitis B and D virus markers in 118 hepatitis B virus seropositive patients suffering from histologically confirmed chronic liver disease is reported. The prevalence of hepatitis delta infection amounted to 13.6%, whereas active hepatitis delta virus replication was proven in 6 of the cases. On the basis of these findings, conclusions--similar to those published earlier--are drawn about the role of hepatitis delta virus in the progression of chronic liver diseases. It is suggested that HBsAg-IgM complex seropositivity in patients suffering from anti-delta positive chronic liver disease supports active hepatitis delta virus replication.
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PMID:The incidence of hepatitis delta virus infection in chronic liver diseases in Hungary. 129 80

A descriptive exploratory study was conducted to ascertain the quality of life in school-age children 3 to 6 years following liver transplantation for chronic liver disease. Thirty children were to be included, however only 25 were recruited, and 20 of the 25 children became the study sample. The 20 school-age children ranged in age from 5 years 4 months to 11 years 9 months. The setting for the study was a conference room adjoining a social work office in a 220-bed university-affiliated children's hospital located in a large city in the Northeastern United States. The data were collected through the use of individual interviews, which were audiotaped and transcribed, and the written completion of an 80-item, self-report inventory. Interviews ranged in length from 1 hour 15 minutes to 1 hour 45 minutes. They were scheduled at a time that was convenient to the children's yearly pediatrician follow-up examination. Since the children and their families lived in other states and countries a great distance from the hospital, all communication with the families and scheduling of appointments were coordinated by the secretary of the pediatrician. The children in this study experienced liver transplantation 3 to 6 years prior to the interview for biliary atresia (n = 15), alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (n = 3), tyrosinemia (n = 1), and neonatal hepatitis (n = 1). Eighty-five percent of the children (n = 17) experienced liver transplantation before the age of 6 years, and 15 percent of the children (n = 3) experienced transplantation after 6 years of age. Responses from the modified Pigem's test, a projective test of children's values and attributes about self, and from the Zamberlan Questionnaire were content analyzed, then categorized according to the specific areas representative of the children's evaluation of the quality of life. Interrater reliability of the categories demonstrated 87% agreement of the coded items on the interview data. Five categories were derived from analysis of the interview and Pigem's data and included: (a) psychosocial adjustment at school and relationships with peers and family members; (b) internalization of the donor organ, the knowledge of the liver transplant experience, and thoughts about the donor person; (c) changes in physical appearance and physical functioning; (d) emotions, fears, or concerns about rejection and future outcome of the liver transplant(s); and (e) children's satisfaction with present and future life, and thoughts about self as reflected on the Pigem's test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Quality of life in school-age children following liver transplantation. 130 80

Serum and urinary neopterin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 120 healthy controls, 16 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, 12 patients with acute hepatitis, 13 with chronic inactive hepatitis, 35 with chronic active hepatitis, 46 with liver cirrhosis, 18 with hepatocellular carcinoma, and 6 with alcoholic liver disease. Serum and urinary neopterin levels were significantly higher in almost all patients than in normal subjects. Neopterin levels were highest in acute hepatitis and correlated with the results of liver function tests, but did not show this correlation in chronic liver disease. In chronic liver disease, the levels of serum neopterin in non-A non-B viral patients was significantly increased, compared with those in B viral and alcoholic patients. The rate of abnormal urinary neopterin levels in chronic liver disease was higher than the rate of abnormal serum neopterin levels, but no difference was observed between the rates of abnormal serum and urinary levels in acute hepatitis and asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. These results indicate that serum and urinary neopterin levels may be useful markers for cell-mediated immunity in liver disease, and that the immune system response in chronic liver disease may be different for different pathogens.
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PMID:Clinical significance of serum and urinary neopterin levels in patients with various liver diseases. 131 6

The HCV, a single stranded RNA virus belonging to the family of flavivirus, has been identified as the probable cause of the majority of cases of transfusion-associated NANB hepatitis and community-acquired NANB hepatitis in Japan. The hepatitis virus is present in a least 2% of the blood donor population and is extremely common in high risk groups, such as hemophiliacs and hemodialysis patients. The contribution of HCV infection to sporadic, acute and chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and primary liver cancer has been established. Furthermore anti-HCV in 20% of alcoholic patients with liver injury suggest that HCV may be etiologically associated with liver disease previously attributed to other causes. Therapy of acute and chronic liver disease associated with HCV infection is likely to be undertaken with recombinant IFN alpha in the future to prevent the progression of the disease from acute hepatitis to chronic hepatitis, and from chronic hepatitis to liver cirrhosis or primary liver cancer. However the prevention of HCV infection will be the goal, in addition to screening of donor blood and exclusion to a large degree of positive units likely to decrease the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis.
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PMID:Hepatitis C: basic and clinical studies. 131 82


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