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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic liver disease typical of chronic active 'lupoid' hepatitis together with cyanosis, clubbing and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in a 42-year-old female is described. In addition she had severe nose bleeds, gastro-intestinal haemorrhages, syncopal attacks with generalised convulsive seizures, pulmonary arterio-venous fistulae as manifestations of Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome. A study of the literature revealed that similar associations are far more frequent than can be attribtued to chance. Possible mechanisms of the cyanosis, clubbing and osteoarthropathy and possible common pathogenesis for these seemingly unrelated disorders are discussed.
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PMID:Lupoid hepatitis, Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome, clubbing cyanosis and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. 105 21

The AusRIA 2 test has been modified for HBs antibody detection. This technique is about 7 to 8 dilution steps more sensitive for antibody detection than the IPE. Using this modified radioimmunological technique investigations have been carried out on blood donors, patients with acute and chronic liver disease and on haemophiliacs. An HBs antibody incidence of 11% was found among voluntary blood donors. Intensive clinical investigation of blood donors positive for HBs antibodies by IPE demonstrated that the Serum GOT was elevated in 11% of cases and the liver biopsy showed histological changes of different severity in 16 out of 22 cases. Investigation of 22 cases of acute HBs antigen-positive hepatitis confirmed that nearly all the patients developed HBs antibodies within 10 weeks following the disappearance of HBs antigen. The HBs antibodies persist over years. The appearance of HBs antibodies after an acute HBs antigen-negative hepatitis can be taken as an indication of a hepatitis-B virus infection also in these cases. Among 22 HBs antigen-negative chronic hepatitis cases, HBs antibodies were detectable in 52%. Sera of 111 patients with HBs antigen-negative liver cirrhosis of varying aetiology showed HBs antibodies in 29.7% of cases. The incidence was higher in males. HBs antibodies were found in 98% of patients with haemophilia. These results reveal new aspects with regard to the importance of the hepatitis-B viurs, especially in chronic liver disease. Apart from a description of the newly-developed HBs antibody test and a discussion of the results obtained using this technique, a survey is given of the importance of HBs antibody determination by means of sensitive methods for clinical and epidemiological purposes.
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PMID:[Hepatitis-B-surface-antibodies (detection, incidence, clinical importance)]. 106 4

A prothrombin complex concentrate was used in attempts to control life-threatening hemorrhage in 4 patients with chronic liver disease. The population manifested profuse bleeding from varices and/or hemorrhagic gastritis; 3 had Laennec's cirrhosis and 1 had postnecrotic cirrhosis from childhood hepatitis. In all patients the complex was given in amounts needed to raise the prothrombin (factor II) level to approximately 100% of normal. In all 4 cases the prothrombin time and prothrombin complex factors approached normal within 1-2 hr after beginning the infusion. In all patients bleeding ceased with correction of the clotting status. One patient rebled several hours after completing the infusion. In several patients, increases in factors V and VIII were noted following infusion of the concentrate. A further unexpected finding was a spontaneous increase in factors II and IX at 3 days postinfusion. Prothrombin complex concentrate appears to be useful in controlling the hemorrhage of chronic liver disease when used alone or in combination with other modalities to correct specific hemostatic defects; however, patients may be expected to rebleed when the effect of the concentrate wears off. Its use, therefore, should probably be restricted to those patients who are to undergo corrective surgery of the bleeding point once hemostasis is achieved.
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PMID:Prothrombin complex concentrate: use in controlling the hemorrhagic diathesis of chronic liver disease. 108 Mar 55

The literature data relating to the importance of the liver in fat metabolism, and the behaviour of plasma and red cell phospholipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, fatty acids and lipoproteins in acute and chronic liver disease is reviewed. The results of an investigation of the diagnostic and prognostic significance of total and single plasma phospholipid levels in a series of 70 cases (5 chronic aggressive hepatitis, 12 compensated cirrhosis, 41 uncompensated cirrhosis, and 12 controls) are presented. Quantitative assessment by means of thin-layer chromatography showed four features of marked prognostic interest: a) a significant decrease in total phospholipids; b) increased phosphatidyl choline; c) increased phosphatidyl ethanolamine; d) decreased sphingomyelin. In discussing the results, stress is laid on the fact that this method offers a sufficient close evaluation of the clinical picture with respect to both the evolution of cirrogenic liver diseases and the effectiveness of their treatment. It also enables an assessment to be made of liver cell mitochondria function.
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PMID:[Total and fractionized plasma phospholipids in chronic liver diseases]. 111 75

The diagnosis of chronic persistent hepatitis is based on a combination of clinical and morphological data. During a 7-year period 26 cases were diagnosed in 3 medical departments in Copenhagen. In 22 patients the disease was considered to be a sequela to acute viral hepatitis, and 12 had Australia antigen in serum. Only few patients had circulating auto-antibodies. The clinical and biochemical activity at the time of diagnosis was usually slight. A morphological and clinical follow-up study revealed that the course of the disease was generally benign. However, in 3 patients the last repeat biopsy showed progression to cirrhosis, severe portal fibrosis, and chronic aggressive hepatitis. Such exceptions may represent a sampling error in the interpretation of the first needle biopsy, or the correct diagnosis may have been chronic aggressive (active) hepatitis at a stage with slight activity. Clinical and biochemical observation is recommended in chronic persistent hepatitis, and in some patients serial needle biopsies are necessary to reveal the few exceptional cases which progress to an active chronic liver disease.
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PMID:Chronic persistent hepatitis. A clinical, serological, and prognostic study. 113 26

This report presents the clinical, laboratory, and light and electron microscopic observations on a patient with chronic active (aggressive) hepatitis caused by the administration of propylthiouracil. This is an addition to the list of drugs that must be considered in the evaluation of chronic liver disease.
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PMID:Liver disease caused by propylthiouracil. 114 34

Twenty-six patients are described who had otherwise unexplained hepatitis after halothane anaesthesia. Twenty-four (92 per cent) had multiple exposures, and 11 (42 per cent) died. In eight patients a characteristic pattern of delayed postoperative pyrexia has been found. Obesity was common, but the clinical features and complications were those of any severe hepatitis. Obesity, early onset of jaundice after anaesthesia, and low thrombotest, were associated with a fatal outcome. None of those who were followed up after recovery developed clinical or biochemical evidence of chronic liver disease. The differential diagnosis of postoperative jaundice is discussed, and it is shown that halothane patients with hepatic encephalopathy are significantly older (25.4 plus or minus 11.6 years) than those referred to this unit with viral hepatitis of equal severity (34.1 plus or minus 16.4 years). Unexplained jaundice or delayed pyrexia after a previous administration of halothane should be a contraindication to its further use.
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PMID:Halothane-related hepatitis. A clinical study of twenty-six cases. 115 92

The clinical relevance of the e antigen-antibody system was investigated in 61 people persistently positive for hepatitis-B surface antigen, including 22 healthy carriers. The e antigen was not detectable in any of the healthy carriers, whereas it was found in 15 out of 28 patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis and two out of 11 with chronic persistent hepatitis. Its presence therefore indicates chronic liver disease but its absence does not exclude it. It may prove to be a particularly useful prognostic aid in chronic persistent hepatitis, since one of the two patients in whom it was found later developed aggressive hepatitis. In contrast, e antibody is of little diagnostic help, for, though it was found mostly in healthy carriers (18;82%), it was also detectable in 9 (23%) of the patients with chronic hepatitis. In 13 (76%) of the patients positive for e antigen Dane particles were seen on electron microscopy, but these were also present in 5 (19%) of the patients positive for e antibody. These findings are consistent with other evidence suggesting that e antigen is not a surface component of the Dane particle, but rather an independent soluble protein manufactured by the host in response to infection with the hepatitis-B virus.
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PMID:e Antigen-antibody system as indicator of liver damage in patients with hepatitis-B antigen. 119 12

The occurrence of hematologic changes has been studied in 256 patients with various liver diseases. Macrocytosis on smears and by MCV was found in 50% of acute and in over 70% of chronic liver diseases. MCV increased from 98 +/- 8 mu3 (acute hepatitis) up to 108 +/- 12 mu3 in alcoholic cirrhosis. Anemia, which occurred rarely in hepatitis but in 67% of cirrhosis, was always macrocytic, not correlating with reticulocyte counts. Target cells were found in 20% of acute hepatitis and 41% of cirrhosis. In patients with chronic liver disease target cells were associated with macrocytosis and increased bilirubin. Thrombocytopenia was found in 11% of acute, in 53% of chronic inflammatory and in over 60% of cirrhotic liver disease.
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PMID:[Changes in the blood picture in liver diseases]. 120 27

Among the several methods employed for the detection of hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) and hepatitis B antibody (HBAb), radioimmunoassay is considered to be the most sensitive and specific. This paper describes a radioimmunoprecipitation test (RIP) for HBAg and HBAb standardized in our laboratory; it consists of a double-antibody precipitation test in a micro-titer system employing 125I-labeled HBAg. The test is compared with double immunodiffusion (ID) and with counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CEP) in the detection of HBAg and HBAb in healthy persons and in patients with acute and chronic liver disease. RIP is 20,000 times more sensitive than ID and 2,500 times than CEP when HBAg is tested, and 40,000 times more sensitive than ID and 10,000 times than CEP for the antibody detection. Moreover the method is reproducible and specific for HBAg and HBAb. With this test the frequency of HBAg in healthy persons was 0% in subjects without any known contact with antigenic material, 0.80% in hospital personnel and 1.17% in high risk personnel (laboratory technicians, blood products workers, ecc.). In acute viral hepatitis the frequency of HBAg was 90% at the admittance to the hospital and 70% at the dimission, while CEP detected a frequency of 85% and 20% respectively. In chronic liver disease the frequency of HBAg with the RIP method was 83.3% in chronic persistent hepatitis, 42.8% in chronic aggressive hepatitis, 23% in cryptogenic cirrhosis and 16.6% in alcoholic cirrhosis. The frequency of HBAb detected with RIP was 4.50% in subjects without any known contact with antigenic material, 6.45% in hospital personnel, 0.41% in high risk personnel, 20% in acute viral hepatitis at the admittance to the hospital and 50% at the discharge, 25% in chronic persistent hepatitis, 14.2% in chronic aggressive hepatitis, 15.3% in cryptogenic cirrhosis and 50% in alcoholic cirrhosis. The high frequency of antibody in healthy persons with no history of hepatitis or parenteral exposure to blood transfusion suggests a widespread diffusion of hepatitis B infection and the possibility of a nonparenteral route transmission. The frequency of HBAg and HBAb in chronic liver disease as detected by a very sensitive method rises the question of a possible role of hepatitis B virus in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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PMID:[Frequency of antigen associated to hepatitis due to virus B (HBAg) and of antibody (HBAc) in healthy subjects and during of course of acute and chronic hepatitis. Radioimmunologic study]. 122 46


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