Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infections with hepatitis A and B viruses are common in all parts of the world and constitute a major public health problem. The identification of specific antigenic markers of these viruses has led to the development of sensitive laboratory tests. These, in turn, have resulted in a better understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, immunology, and the nature of these common infections. In the case of hepatitis type B, laboratory tests revealed a persistent carrier state of the surface antigen in some 120-175 million people and established the significance of hepatitis B virus in the pathogenesis of serious chronic liver disease, including a strong association with primary hepatocellular carcinoma in tropical and some subtropical regions. In addition, the specific diagnosis of hepatitis types A and B has revealed a previously unrecognized form of hepatitis which is clearly unrelated to either type. This new form of infection of the liver is now the most common type of hepatitis after the transfusion of blood and blood products in some areas of the world and it also appears to be an important cause of sporadic hepatitis, particularly among adults.
 ...
PMID:The three type of human viral hepatitis. 7 70

Systematic screening of forty-seven haemophiliacs in Sheffield revealed abnormal liver-function tests in thirty-six (77%), with a tendency for these abnormalities to persist. To assess the importance of these abnormalities, percutaneous liver biopsy was carried out on eight symptom-free patients under factor-VIII cover. A wide spectrum of chronic liver disease was demonstrated, including chronic aggressive hepatitis and cirrhosis. The liver pathology bore no relation to clinical history or to biochemical findings. Hepatitis-B-virus markers were common, but evidence suggests that this is not the only factor contributing to the development of liver disease. The high incidence of chronic liver disease seems to be a recent development and is probably related to factor-concentrate replacement therapy.
 ...
PMID:Percutaneous liver biopsy and chronic liver disease in haemophiliacs. 8 May 24

6 cases of non-A non-B hepatitis which followed administration of four different batches of concentrates of coagulation factor IX from commercial and non-commercial sources are described. Of 17 patients who received the concentrate on account of chronic liver disease, 4 developed hepatitis, and in 3 of these the illness proved fatal. The incubation periods ranged from 42 to 103 days (mean 65 days). 3 chimpanzees were inoculated with concentrate from the same batch used on the above patients, a further commercial batch upon which no adverse reactions had been reported, and plasma from a known non-A non-B carrier. All developed hepatitis after 10 weeks' incubation. Liver biopsy when serum-aminotransferase was at its highest level showed features consistent with acute hepatitis. As in the patients, viral markers for hepatitis A and B, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus were unchanged.
 ...
PMID:Transmission of non-A non-B hepatitis to chimpanzees by factor-IX concentrates after fatal complications in patients with chronic liver disease. 8 7

The frequency of Hepatitis Bs antigen and antibody was determined in healthy subjects and patients with acute and chronic liver disease. The frequency of HBs Ag in healthy subjects was 2.9% and HBs Ab 35%. The high prevalence of antibody in normal individuals suggests a constant non-parenteral sub-clinical exposure to hepatitis virus. Thirty-three per cent patients with acute viral hepatitis, 20% with cirrhosis and 10% with hepatocellular carcinoma were HBs Ag positive, while HBs Ab was detected in 22% cases of acute viral hepatitis and 37% with other liver disorders. This pattern of prevalence of HBs Ab suggests that hepatitis B virus may be an important etiological agent in acute and chronic liver disease in Pakistan.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody in healthy subjects and patients with liver disease. 9 84

We have analyzed the frequency of chronicity and its distribution according to epidemiologic background following acute non-A, non-B hepatitis. Eighteen of 45 cases (40%) developed chronic liver disease. The incidence of chronicity was significantly higher following transfusion and among drug addicts (54% and 58%) than among patients without obvious source of infection (20%). Chronic active hepatitis developed in 4 of 13 patients (31%) with posttransfusion hepatitis. This lesion was not observed among the addicts or the patients without obvious source for the acute hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:Chronic liver disease after acute non-A, non-B viral hepatitis. 11 40

Lipoprotein electrophoresis with measurement of serum lipids was performed on 115 patients with various forms of liver disease. There was a reduction in alpha-lipoproteins and an increase in beta-lipoproteins, as well as a reduced separability of pre-beta and beta fractions in those with acute viral hepatitis. All these changes regressed completely with healing. Similar changes were shown also in chronic liver disease and were most marked in acute liver failure, but also marked in decompensated liver cirrhosis and chronic progressive hepatitis, while less marked in chronic persistent hepatitis and compensated liver cirrhosis. In patients with fatty livers there were no characteristic findings other than a slight increase in pre-beta lipoproteins. On the other hand, the lipoprotein pattern was markedly changed in cases with tumour in the region of the gallbladder, but similar changes were noted also with tumours at other sites. They are, therfore, unlikely to be liver-specific.
 ...
PMID:[Lipoprotein pattern in acute and chronic liver disease (author's transl)]. 17 52

Acute viral hepatitis has several identifiable morphologic components but the major categories are (1) cytopathic, (2) inflammatory, and (3) regenerative. Each category has independently variable characteristics. Extreme alterations related to severity of disease, alteration of immune response, or pre-existing liver disease may result in diagnostic difficulties for the pathologist. In contrast to the usual concept, patients who survive fulminant viral hepatitis rarely, if ever, develop cirrhosis and those who have severe hepatic necrosis from hepatitis also do not usually develop serious sequelae of that disease except in the older age group where the difficulty is in impaired regeneration (IR). The usual criteria for the diagnosis of chronic active hepatitis or chronic aggressive hepatitis need a thorough review since many of the variations of acute viral hepatitis result in histologic patterns that might be considered to be chronic aggressive hepatitis using the previous definitions; yet such patients recover without developing chronic liver disease. Chronic active hepatitis, a progressive hepatic disorder, is characterized by changes in the distribution of necrosis and regeneration within the lobule from that usually observed in acute viral hepatitis. Persistent viral hepatitis, a development in 10 to 12 per cent of adult patients after icteric acute disease, is characterized by a "cobblestone" hepatocellular change that resembles continued regeneration, focal hepatocytolysis, and often portal lymphoid hyperplasia. Apparently with time, these histologic features fade and the incidence, in type B PVH, of "ground glass" HBs Ag laden cells increases. This may reflect a continued adaptation of host and virus to one another.
 ...
PMID:Viral hepatitis: a pathologic spectrum. 17 49

In the majority of instances acute viral hepatitis resolves totally without sequelae. Fulminant hepatitis is a highly lethal lesion but 20 to 25 per cent of patients, principally young patients, survive. Survivors do not appear to develop chronic liver disease. Persistent viral hepatitis follows acute icteric hepatitis, both type B and non-B, in 10 to 12 per cent of patients. Six long-term HBs Ag carriers demonstrated HBs Ag clearance after 14-73 months. Chronic active viral hepatitis often progresses to cirrhosis. This progressive hepatitis appeared as a sequelae of acute icteric type B hepatitis in 3 per cent of 429 patients. In patients with chronic active type B hepatitis, low titers of HBs Ag are common.
 ...
PMID:Viral hepatitis: clinical aspects. 17 56

The prevalence of exposure to hepatitis A virus (HAV) increases with increasing age; decreases with increasing socioeconomic class; increases with increasing serologic evidence of prior hepatitis B virus (HBV) exposure but is much more common than HBV exposure; is independent of sex and race; varies in different parts of the world as a function of hygienic, developmental, and unrecognized geographic factors; and is not affected by immune deficiency or immaturity. Transmission of type A hepatitis is enhanced by poor personal hygiene such as that seen in institutions for the mentally retarded. On the other hand, there is no increased exposure to HAV among homosexuals, who have frequent and intimate contact with multiple sexual partners; among hemodialysis patients and staff; or among multiply transfused individuals, all of whom are at significantly increased risk of exposure to HBV. No epidemiologic evidence has confirmed the existence of viremic or intestinal carriers of HAV, and the virus is rarely, if ever, spread by parenteral mechanisms. Finally, HAV appears to play no role in chronic liver disease and a very minor role in fulminant hepatitis; however, HAV is responsible for a sizable proportion (approximately 20%--40%) of sporadic hepatitis among urban adults.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis A virus infection: new insights from seroepidemiologic studies. 20 11

HBeAg and Ab are investigated by simple radial immunodiffusion in dextrane following Magnius. 14 patients (28%) were HBeAg positive and 2 patients HBeAb positive (4%). HBsAg subtyping was ad in 6 cases and ay in further 5. No relation was found between both determinants and HBeAg. Six of the 10 patients with HBeAg in their sera developed chronic liver disease o fulminant hepatitis, while only 3 of the 21 HBeAg negative controls did so (p less than 0.05). HBeAg is a marker of the evolution of virus B hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:[System e in acute hepatitis B]. 21 38


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>