Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty-nine colorectal cancer patients with metastatic liver cancer who underwent intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy (IAIC) at the National Cancer Center Hospital from May 1986 to February 1989 were reviewed. Excisions of metastatic liver cancer were performed in 36 patients and 23 had nonresectable metastatic liver cancer. Catheter troubles, including severe infections (8), extravasations (3), obstruction (1) and other (1) occurred in 13 (22.0%) patients, and 6 patients (10.2%) were unable to receive IAIC. Three patients did not undergo IAIC because of hepatitis or other reasons. Serious complications following IAIC, including sclerosing cholangitis (SC) (6), extravasations (6) and obstructions (3) were observed in 15 patients (30.0%). 5-Flourouracil (5-FU) (700 mg/m2) and mitomycin C (MMC) (7 mg/m2) were infused through implantable pumps weekly or every two weeks. Total infused doses of 5-FU ranged from 7,000 to 26,250 mg (mean: 11,800 + 7,700 mg) and those of MMC from 24 to 84 mg (mean: 45.3 + 25.8 mg) in 6 patients (12%) with SC, 4 resectable and 2 non-resectable cases. All six patients with SC had cholangiographic abnormalities of the biliary tract by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), but serial CT examination of the liver did not show any progression of the tumor at the hilum in these patients. Segmental stricture at the common hepatic duct and bifurcation appeared specific to IA-5-FU induced SC. Obstructive jaundice occurred in 3 patients. Four patients had epigastralgia and 3 exhibited elevated alkaline phosphatase level prior to the cholangiographic examination. The elevated level of alkaline phosphatase was reversible in one patient without obstructive jaundice. Although the relation of the sclerosing process to IA-5-FU dose is not yet clear as well as IA-FUDR, it should be important to make an early detection of SC by ERCP and also to discontinue IAIC as soon as possible. In our opinion, SC may relate to the arterial delivery of 5-FU. In order to prevent SC, devascularization of the right hepatic artery via surgical procedures may well be effective, because retrograde flow from the right hepatic artery was confirmed by several clinical and anatomical studies.
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PMID:[Complications of intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer with liver metastasis, with special reference to IA-5-FU induced sclerosing cholangitis]. 250 36

Perinatal transmission of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) occurs in a high percentage of infants born to mothers who are acutely infected with the virus at the time of delivery or who are chronic carriers of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The majority of infants who acquire the virus during the perinatal period and become HBV carriers have no clinical symptoms. However, there are reports of acute and fulminant hepatitis and even primary liver cancer occurring in a few HBsAg-positive infants. Immunoprophylaxis given to infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers at birth with a combination of hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine is the most effective means of preventing the chronic HBV carrier state and its potential complications. In a multicenter trial in the United States, 85 to 90 percent of the children of HBsAg-positive mothers remained HBsAg-negative when treated with this combination regimen. Studies conducted outside the United States have yielded similar results. Other investigations indicate that the hepatitis B vaccine alone may be of value in preventing perinatal transmission of HBV in developing countries that are unable to afford hepatitis B immunoglobulin.
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PMID:Hepatitis B vaccination of neonates and children. 252 96

In order to clarify the differences in past history, nutritional condition and, consumption of alcohol and tobacco, and liver dysfunction between the thorotrast patients who developed primary liver cancer and those who did not, 103 persons who had no primary liver cancer in January 1980 were studied. All subjects were military men who had undergone angiography with thorotrast between 1943 and 1946. Twenty persons developed hepatocellular carcinoma and 16 developed intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma by April 1987, whereas 67 are still alive without any cancer. There was no difference in age or period after thorotrast infusion between those two groups of patients in January 1980. A difference in history of hepatitis and/or jaundice and presence of hepatic dysfunction was found between the subjects who developed primary liver cancers and those who did not. These findings suggest that an anamnestic history of hepatitis and liver dysfunction are risks for development of thorotrast-induced liver cancer. On the basis of the above findings, early detection of liver dysfunction offers a possibility of early diagnosis of primary liver cancer.
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PMID:Comparison of anamnestic history, alcohol intake and smoking, nutritional status, and liver dysfunction between thorotrast patients who developed primary liver cancer and those who did not. 254 55

Based on data collected by the population-based Singapore Cancer Registry over the period 1968 to 1982, baseline epidemiological characteristics and incidence trends of primary liver cancer were described. This will facilitate the interpretation of future trends, especially in the light of new interventions such as hepatitis B immunisation. The primary liver cancer incidence is four times higher in males than in females, with the incidence peaked in the seventh decade. The incidence rate was higher in the Chinese than in Malays and Indians and marginally higher among foreign born than Singapore born Chinese. A general declining trend in liver cancer incidence was especially notable in the local born Chinese. Misclassification of metastatic carcinomas in the earlier years of cancer registration may have contributed to the initial higher incidence. Definitive decrease in incidence as a result of hepatitis immunisation will only be seen in another two to three decades.
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PMID:Incidence of primary liver cancer in Singapore, 1968-1982. 254 42

To investigate the predictive value of oral glucose tolerance test (O-GTT) and insulin secretion test (IST) on the risk of hepatectomy in liver cancer patients, we through double-blind method, compared the results of these two tests, clinical course of the patients, and the pathological findings. It was found that: 1) The positive prediction value, negative prediction value, and accuracy of O-GTT were 79.2%, 94.4%, and 85.7%, the corresponding figures of IST were 55.6%, 100%, and 61.9%, respectively. 2) Pattern of the curve of O-GTT believed to depend on roughly normal hepatic energy metabolism and islet secretion capacity suggested better tolerance for hepatectomy. 3) A part of the patients with advanced HCC had a depressed islet secretion capacity. 4) The delta IST/delta O-GTT showed an accurate negative prediction for hepatectomy when the ratio was less than 50 x 10(-9). 5) Apart from O-GTT and delta IST/delta O-GTT, the severity of the hepatitis and cirrhosis should be taken into account in the decision of carrying out hepatectomy.
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PMID:[The glucose tolerance test and insulin secretion test as risk factors in liver cancer surgery]. 256 Oct 96

The possibility to detect the antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) has allowed to estimate the prevalence of this virus in patients with hepatic disease, mostly in those with hepatitis considered non-A non-B. Literature shows that HCV causes about 75% of cases of cryptogenic hepatitis and more than the 90% of post-transfusional hepatitis. Circumstantial evidence suggests the existence of a relationship between parenterally-transmitted non-A non-B hepatitis (PTH) and primary liver cancer (PLC). With the advent of anti-HCV, it is now possible to assess directly whether or not there is a relationship between PTH and PLC. So anti-HCV was looked for in the sera of 365 patients with cirrhosis prospectively followed-up for early detection the development of PLC, using an enzymatic immunoassay (ELISA Ortho DS). At baseline anti-HCV was detected in 221 patients (60%). During 5-39 month 53 patients developed PLC and anti-HCV was detected in 68% of them. The univariate analysis demonstrated that alcohol abuse, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were the only covariates that were significantly associated with an increase risk of developing PLC. When these factors were introduced in the step wise regression analysis, age and alcohol were found to be the only independent risk factors. The high prevalence of anti-HCV found in patients with cirrhosis and PLC suggests that HCV might play a role in this tumor; the frequent co-occurrence of HCV and HBV markers suggests that HCV-HBV coinfection might be pathogenically important; alcohol was the most important non-viral risk factor for PLC.
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PMID:[Primary carcinoma of the liver and hepatitis C virus in Italy. A prospective study in patients with cirrhosis]. 256 1

Since the early 1960s, when aflatoxin, the mold-produced contaminant of a number of important food commodities, was found to be a potent hepatocarcinogen for laboratory rats, there has been a sustained search for evidence to support the regulatory presumption that aflatoxin is a probable human carcinogen. The developing laboratory evidence of differences between species in metabolism of aflatoxin and susceptibility to its oncogenic effects indicated that humans were probably refractory to aflatoxin carcinogenesis, but the early epidemiological evidence indicated otherwise. That epidemiological evidence, however, contained flaws so that Working Groups of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) meeting in 1970, 1976, and 1982, although ignoring the biochemical evidence, did consider the available epidemiological evidence insufficient for a conclusion of human carcinogenicity. During the 1970s and 1980s, studies on the connection between chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and primary liver cell cancer (PLC), the expected lesion from aflatoxin exposure, had established a very strong etiological relationship between HBV and PLC. Since all the epidemiological studies of aflatoxin and PLC conducted prior to 1982 had been of populations with endemic HBV infection, and, in addition to other flaws, had not been controlled for this confounding factor, there was a solid basis for their rejection. Most epidemiological studies in the 1980s of aflatoxin and PLC were either in the United States, where HBV-infected groups could be excluded from the study, or, when in areas of chronic HBV infection, attempts were made to include that factor. The study of U.S. populations showed no difference in mortality rates from PLC that could be attributed to aflatoxin exposure. The studies of populations with endemic HBV infection produced no convincing evidence to support a primary role for aflatoxin in the induction of human PLC, although an accessory role to HBV infection for aflatoxin could not be ruled out. However, the epidemiological studies of the HBV/PLC relation indicate that an accessory factor is not an essential condition, a conclusion supported by animal models and a laboratory study that specifically found no interaction between aflatoxin and a hepatitis virus in the duck, a species in which liver cancer can be induced by either agent. It was surprising that an IARC Working Group meeting in 1987 concluded, on the basis of much of this evidence that was available at that time, and citing other studies that appear to be irrelevant to the issue, that there was sufficient evidence to consider aflatoxin a probable human carcinogen.
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PMID:Aflatoxin is not a probably human carcinogen: the published evidence is sufficient. 269 Jan 97

The role of socio-demographic factors, lifestyle habits and selected dietary factors on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma was evaluated in a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Northern Italy on 151 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 1,051 controls in hospital for acute, non-neoplastic or digestive conditions, unrelated to any of the known or potential risk factors for primary liver cancer. There were significant inverse relationships with levels of education and social class (relative risk, RR = 1.9 and 2.4 for lower vs. upper categories), and positive associations with clinical history of hepatitis (RR = 3.5, 95% confidence interval = 2.0-6.0) or liver cirrhosis (RR = 15.6, 95% CI = 8.3-29.4). The relative risk was not elevated in smokers and light or moderate alcohol drinkers, but the point estimate was above unity among heavy drinkers (RR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.0-2.4). Among 14 food items considered, including important sources of vitamin A, protein and fats in the Italian diet, 5 were inversely and significantly related to liver cancer risk. This suggests that a diet deficient in several aspects may be related to hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in northern Italy. 284 88

A monoclonal antibody, gamma-120, was raised against a highly purified gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma GT) from human primary hepatoma. The antibody preferentially bound to the small subunit of gamma GT from human hepatoma and kidney as evidenced by immunoblot analysis. Weak binding to the normal liver enzyme could be detected by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). With the use of this antibody, an ELISA was developed for the quantitation of immunoreactive gamma GT in human serum. Sera of 188 normal control subjects displayed a low level (9.4 micrograms/ml) of immunoreactive gamma GT. Highly elevated levels of immunoreactive gamma GT were detected in the sera of patients with primary hepatoma, metastatic liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and certain types of lung cancer. Slightly elevated levels of immunoreactive gamma GT were seen in the sera of patients with liver cirrhosis. The levels of gamma GT were within a normal range in the sera of patients with gastrointestinal cancers and patients with nonmalignant diseases such as hepatitis and gallstones. The antibody has been shown to be useful for the diagnosis of some of the neoplastic diseases.
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PMID:A monoclonal antibody against gamma-glutamyltransferase from human primary hepatoma: its use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of sera of cancer patients. 286 89

To know the intensity of liver enzyme induction during a treatment with anticonvulsant, the authors have measured gamma GT before and at the 7th, 30th, 60th days after a treatment by one of the 4 major anticonvulsant as phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin, carbamazepine and sodium valproate. All alcoholic patients, and all the patients having a liver disease have been eliminated. The results show that diphenylhydantoin is the most important inductor of gamma GT with an elevation that can reach 312% of basal level, followed by phenobarbital, when sodium valproate and carbamazepine are the weakest inductors. More, induction by carbamazepine in women is more weak than in man. Age takes a place in intensity of induction with a major induction observed between 30 and 50 years old for phenobarbital, and above 50 years old for sodium valproate. These effects are not dependent of an hepatitis. The knowledge of the upper levels of gamma GT induction by anticonvulsant appear to us usefull for several reasons: carbamazepine and sodium valproate being the weakest inductors, they must be chosen in priority in women under contraceptive treatment. Any abnormal elevation of gamma GT need to look of an alcoholic intoxication, an hepatitis or a liver cancer.
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PMID:[Evaluation of changes in gamma-glutamyltransferase in chronic treatment with antiepileptic agents]. 286 14


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