Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fractionation of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes and isoforms by isoelectric focusing is a simple procedure that resolves up to 17 fractions having alkaline phosphatase activity. The fractions are stable at 4 degrees C, and undergo only slight changes during repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Pretreatment with phospholipase-C or sialidase changes the isoelectric focusing patterns of alkaline phosphatase in serum; we recommend they not be used owing to the loss of information. We found that the alkaline phosphatase fractions provide diagnostic information in addition to that given by the common liver-function tests in patients with chronic liver diseases. Primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis showed similar biochemical changes, but they are very different from alcoholic cirrhosis based on the common liver-function tests and the alkaline phosphatase isoform patterns obtained by isoelectric focusing. Analysis of the laboratory data using neural networks has some limited use in distinguishing chronic and chronic-active hepatitis of any cause. We have confirmed the tissue assignments made by Griffiths (Prog Clin Biochem 1989; 8:63-74) for the alkaline phosphatase fractions in liver as obtained by isoelectric focusing: Fractions 1a and 1b show a strong correlation with biliary diseases, and fractions 2, 3, and 4 show consistent increases in patients with primary disorders of hepatocytes; these fractions have good sensitivity for hepatocyte injury, but their specificity is limited. Fraction 10 may be a marker of activated T-lymphocytes; it was abnormal in most of our patients suggesting that it is a sensitive but non-specific test. Analysis of alkaline phosphatase by isoelectric focusing deserves further evaluation, because it may facilitate the diagnosis of certain chronic liver disorders and could be a supplement to the biopsy.
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PMID:Isoforms of alkaline phosphatase determined by isoelectric focusing in patients with chronic liver disorders. 889 23

Liver transplantation is complicated by specific medical problems. Diabetes mellitus occurs in 4-20% of patients undergoing liver transplantation. Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis experience up to a 13% incidence of colon cancer after transplantation. Lymphomas occur in 1-3% of patients after transplantation and account for 57% of malignancies occurring in adult patients. Atraumatic bone fractures occur in 22-38% of patients and neurological complications, including seizures, headache, and neuropathy occur in 19-47% of patients following liver transplantation. Patients undergoing liver transplantation may experience recurrence of their primary liver disease: hepatitis B, hepatitis C, primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, or primary sclerosing cholangitis. In patients not receiving immunoprophylaxis after transplantation for chronic hepatitis B, recurrent hepatitis B is seen in up to 90% of patients. This can be markedly reduced with hyperimmune globulin immunoprophylaxis. Recurrent hepatitis C is seen in the majority of patients; current treatment modalities are inadequate. Recurrence of primary biliary cirrhosis or primary sclerosing cholangitis in the allograft is infrequent. Autoimmune hepatitis may recur in up to 26% of patients following liver transplantation. Primary disease recurrence in the allograft and preventive strategies are discussed.
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PMID:Medical problems occurring after orthotopic liver transplantation. 928 32

Based on data reported to the OPTN/UNOS Liver Transplant Registry between 1988-2004: 1. There was a very small difference in 5-year graft survival rates comparing living and deceased donors in adult (4.3%) and pediatric patients (2.4%). 2. Although graft survival rates of split liver transplants were lower than whole liver grafts before 1998, 5-year graft survival results of more recent split grafts (65.8%) have become comparable to those of whole liver grafts (66.5%). Among recipients in good condition, split (67.7%) and whole grafts (70.0%) yielded equivalent survival rates. 3. Lower graft survival rates were noted in ABO incompatible grafts, non-heartbeating donors, regrafted patients, and recipients who were in the ICU before transplantation. 4. There was no recipient gender effect on liver transplant outcome. 5. Primary disease distributions were different for different races. Among adult patients, the largest fraction of white patients had alcoholic cirrhosis. Among Asians, Type B cirrhosis was most frequent. Among pediatric patients, biliary atresia constituted the majority of patients. Most of the patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency were white. Autoimmune hepatitis was most frequently found among black patients. 6. Although 5-year graft survival of black patients (60.2%) was lower than whites (68.1%), Hispanics (67.6%), and Asians (68.0%), black recipients with PBC (73.3%) and PSC (69.9%) had graft survival rates similar to those of whites (78.1%) (73.6%) and Hispanics (75.3%) (77.1%). 7. Zero HLA-A,-B,-DR mismatched livers had very rapid early failures. HLA matching correlated with graft survival in autoimmune hepatitis patients, but not in cirrhosis patients. 8. Short-term graft survival for liver transplants has improved steadily since 1990. However, long-term graft survival after the first year actually declined over time. 9. In adult transplants, 5-year graft survival of autoimmune-related diseases, PBC (77.3%), PSC (73.3%), AIH (74.2%) yielded higher graft survival rates than those of hepatitis B (71.5%) and C (63.2%). 10. In pediatric patients, 5-year survival of biliary atresia (75.4%), autoimmune cirrhosis (70.8%), and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (85.0%) had high graft survival rates, except for acute liver failure (61.6%). 11. Hepatitis C recurrence is now one of the major causes of graft failure in adults. Thrombosis is a major factor in graft failure for pediatric transplants.
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PMID:An analysis of the OPTN/UNOS Liver Transplant Registry. 1670 60