Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A newly developed Western blot assay for antibody to hepatitis E virus (anti-HEV) was used to evaluate 39 cases of acute pediatric hepatitis and 39 control patients in Khartoum, Sudan. The mean age of cases was 6.5 years (range, 2-14); 64% were male. Acute hepatitis A (IgM anti-HAV-positive) was diagnosed in 13 cases, acute hepatitis B (IgM anti-HBc-positive) in 1, and acute hepatitis E (positive for IgM anti-HEV) in 23 (59%). None of the cases with IgM anti-HAV or IgM anti-HBc had IgM anti-HEV; 3 controls had IgM anti-HEV. Acute hepatitis E was associated with recent contact with a family member or acquaintance with jaundice and the presence of indoor plumbing. The newly developed hepatitis E assay appeared to be specific for the diagnosis of acute icteric non-A, non-B hepatitis. Hepatitis E was found to be the most common cause of acute sporadic hepatitis in children living in an urban area of Africa.
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PMID:Acute sporadic hepatitis E in Sudanese children: analysis based on a new western blot assay. 158 17

HDL-cholesterol was estimated along with other biochemical parameters of hepatic function in infective hepatitis. Infective hepatitis was characterized by significantly decreased levels of HDL-cholesterol. Follow up studies indicated a good correlation of changes in HDL-cholesterol to severity of disease in all the cases whereas standard liver function tests showed equivocal changes in some cases. HDL-cholesterol may serve as a sensitive indicator of hepatic function in infective hepatitis.
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PMID:HDL-cholesterol--a sensitive parameter of hepatic function in infective hepatitis. 262 Nov 90

A group of 295 adult male patients from Cairo, Egypt, with acute hepatitis were studied. Acute hepatitis A was diagnosed in 8 patients (2.7%), hepatitis B in 115 (38.9%), delta infection in 19 (6.4%) and possible Epstein-Barr virus or cytomegalovirus-mediated hepatitis in 7 patients (2.4%). The remaining 146 patients (49.5%) were considered to have hepatitis non-A non-B. The clinical presentation of the various causes of hepatitis was similar, although patients with hepatitis B and delta infection had significantly higher mean alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels than patients diagnosed as having hepatitis non-A non-B. Various risk factors for the acquisition of hepatitis were evaluated. A history of an injection for medical treatment and a history of anti-schistosomal therapy were significantly associated with delta infection when compared to patients with either hepatitis B or non-A non-B (P less than 0.05). Hepatitis non-A non-B is a major cause of acute hepatitis in adults living in Cairo, and an iatrogenic source of infection may be important in the epidemiology of delta infection.
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PMID:Acute sporadic hepatitis in adults living in Cairo, Egypt. 309 92

In order to verify the relative role of each single risk factor during a long period of observation, and to compare the frequency of risk factors in parenterally and non-parenterally transmitted acute viral hepatitis, we studied 1,251 patients admitted to our Department from 1971 to 1991. Acute hepatitis A cases were considered non-parenterally transmitted, whereas B, C, NANB and Delta hepatitis were grouped together as parenterally transmitted. The two groups were compared for age, sex and the following risk factors: surgical procedures, transfusion, dental procedures, intravenous drug addiction, infected partner, infected relative and hospital admission. There were 243 non-parenterally transmitted and 1,008 parenterally transmitted cases. In univariate analysis, mean age in the two groups was 20 and 37 years (p = 0.000001) for non-parenterally and parenterally transmitted cases respectively; mean ages of patients with different parenterally transmitted hepatitis (B, NANB, C, Delta) did not differ significantly (p = 0.35). The following risk factors were significantly more frequent in the parenterally transmitted hepatitis group: surgical procedure (odds ratio = 8.04, 95% confidence intervals: 3.75, 20.51), transfusion (OR = 18.79, 95% CI: 5.03, 157.72), dental procedures (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.06), drug addiction (OR: 11.02, 95% CI: 4.15, 41.34), and infected partner (OR = 17.61, CI: 3.02, 708.65). However, logistic regression showed the following factors as being significant: age (p = 0.00001), transfusion (OR = 3.35, 95% CI: 1.61, 6.94), dental procedures (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.2), drug addiction (OR = 4.88, 95% CI: 2.94, 8.1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Risk factors for acute parenterally transmitted viral hepatitis: a 20-year study. 815 65

Acute hepatitis A superimposed on chronic liver disease (CLD) has been associated with severe or fulminant hepatitis. An open, multicenter study was performed to compare the safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in patients with CLD with that in healthy subjects. A secondary objective was to compare the safety of the hepatitis A vaccine with that of a commercial hepatitis B vaccine in subjects with chronic hepatitis C. A total of 475 subjects over the age of 18 years were enrolled into 1 of 5 groups according to history, serological data, and previous diagnosis. Patients in groups 1 (healthy adults), 2 (chronic hepatitis B), 3 (chronic hepatitis C), and 5 (other CLD not caused by viral hepatitis) were vaccinated with two doses of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine, 6 months apart. Patients in group 4 (chronic hepatitis C) received 3 doses of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine, according to a 0-, 1-, and 6-month schedule. Local injection-site symptoms were the most common reactions reported following vaccination in all groups (35.5% of all doses), with the hepatitis B vaccine eliciting fewer injection-site symptoms than the hepatitis A vaccine (19.8% compared with 37.5%). Although a higher percentage of healthy subjects (93%) seroconverted after a single dose of the hepatitis A vaccine than did subjects with chronic hepatitis C (73.7%) or CLD of nonviral etiologies (83.1%), more than 94% of all vaccinees were seropositive for anti-HAV after the complete vaccination course. At each time point, a lower geometric mean concentration of anti-HAV was observed for each group of CLD patients compared with the healthy control subjects. In conclusion, hepatitis A vaccine was well tolerated and induced a satisfactory immune response in patients with chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, and miscellaneous CLD.
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PMID:Safety and immunogenicity of hepatitis A vaccine in patients with chronic liver disease. 950 Jul 24

Acute hepatitis patients admitted to a referral centre from January 1995 through December 1995 were studied to determine the seroprevalence of the hepatitis viruses and related risk factors. Of the 434 patients with acute viral hepatitis, the episodes due to hepatitis A, B, C, D, and non-A, non-B, non-C, (non-ABC) were 214 (49.3%), 163 (37.6%), 7 (1.6%), 0 (0%), and 50 (11.5%), respectively. Acute hepatitis A and non-ABC hepatitis commonly occur in late spring and early summer and are probably related to the intake of shellfish and travel to endemic areas. Approximately 60% of cases of symptomatic hepatitis B infection were acute exacerbations of chronic infection. Sexual exposure was the single most important risk factor for acute hepatitis B infection. The rarity of acute hepatitis C and D might be related to the low rate of intravenous drug use in our locality. Hepatitis E virus probably contributed significantly to the cases of non-ABC hepatitis. Further studies are needed to establish the importance of various causative agents of acute hepatitis in Hong Kong.
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PMID:Acute viral hepatitis in Hong Kong: a study of recent incidences. 1184 70

The virus responsible for hepatitis A--hepatitis A virus (HAV)--is a small, spherical, and exceptionally resistant RNA-virus. It is transmitted preferentially by the faecal-oral route and apparently replicates exclusively in the liver. The damage of the liver ensuing from HAV infection most likely does not stem directly from virus replication but is the result of an interaction of cell mediated virus-specific immunity with infected hepatocytes. Infection is usually self limiting, yet, in individual cases may also take a protracted and even relapsing course. True chronic infections, however, are not observed. HAV has a world-wide distribution. In countries where inadequate sanitary conditions prevail, the virus persists in the environment and almost 100% of the population acquires infection in childhood. At that age, infection causes no or only minimal clinical symptoms. Infected individuals nevertheless develop protective, long lasting immunity, probably persisting for entire life. In developed, industrialized countries HAV has ceased to circulate in the environment and the general population. Here, infections predominantly occur in adults travelling to endemic areas or exposed at home to thus infected individuals or members of high risk groups (e.g. children in day care centres, i.v. drug users). With increasing age infections become more and more clinically manifest and at and beyond of adolescence more than 80% of patients develop icteric, in some cases even fulminant and fatal hepatitis. Acute hepatitis A infection can be diagnosed by demonstrating the presence of anti-HAV-IgM antibodies. Immunity following either infection or successful vaccination is assessed by measuring anti-HAV-IgG. Preventive measures rely on strict personal and alimentary hygiene as well as on vaccination with inactivated (killed) hepatitis A vaccines. These vaccines are safe, highly immunogenetic and induce long lasting (> 20 years) protection against hepatitis A. Specific antiviral therapy is not yet available.
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PMID:[Hepatitis A virus infection. A review]. 1457 71

Acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is a global cause of acute hepatitis. However, chronic HAV infection is unlikely. Nevertheless, there is some evidence that acute infection with HAV may trigger chronic active hepatitis which fulfils the criteria of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Whether AIH following HAV infection is virus specific remains unclear. Despite evidence that inherited factors may play a role in the development of autoimmunity after viral infection, the pathomechanism remains unclear. We describe a 75-year-old woman with a history of pulmonary sarcoidosis who developed AIH after acute HAV infection.
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PMID:Autoimmune hepatitis--sequel of a relapsing hepatitis A in a 75-year-old woman. 1555 64

The patient was a 57-year-old woman presenting with jaundice as the chief complaint. She began vomiting on July 10, 2003. Jaundice was noted and admitted to our hospital for thorough testing. Tests on admission indicated severe hepatitis, based on: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), 1 076 IU/L; alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 1 400 IU/L; total bilirubin (TB), 20.9 mg/dL; and prothrombin time rate (PT%), 46.9%. Acute hepatitis A (HA) was diagnosed based on negative hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C virus RNA and positive immunoglobulin (Ig) M HA antibody, but elevation of anti-nuclear antigen (X320) and IgG (3 112 mg/dL) led to suspicion of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Plasma exchange was performed for 3 d from July 17, and steroid pulse therapy was performed for 3 d starting on July 18, followed by oral steroid therapy. Liver biopsy was performed on August 5, and the results confirmed acute hepatitis and mild chronic inflammation. Levels of AST and ALT normalized, so dose of oral steroid was markedly reduced. Steroid therapy was terminated after 4 mo, as the patient had glaucoma. Starting 3 mo after cessation of steroid therapy, levels of AST and ALT began to increase again. Another liver biopsy was performed and AIH was diagnosed based on serum data and biopsy specimen. Oral steroid therapy was reinitiated. Levels of AST and ALT again normalized. The present case was thus considered to represent AIH triggered by acute HA.
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PMID:Autoimmune hepatitis triggered by acute hepatitis A. 1627 28

Infective hepatitis ia an acute inflamatory condition of liver. It is usually manifested in the form of Jaundice. In this clinical study Kalmegh(Andrographis paniculata Nees) was given in the decoction form to the patients of infective hepitis. The results were assessed on the basis of clinical and biochemical parameters. A marked symptomatic improvement in majority of the cases was observed. A statistically highly significant decrease was noted in various liver function tests viz., serum bilirubin, thymol turbidity, alkaline phosphatase, S.G.O.T.; S.G.P.T. and serum globulin fraction of protein. Moreover it increased significantly total serum globulin fraction of protien. Moreover it increased significantly total serum protein level along with albumin fraction. On the total assessment 80% cases of this series were cured and 20% patients were relieved. Therefore, Kalmegh appears to be a useful remedy for the treatment of infective hepatitis.
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PMID:Clinical studies on kalmegh (andrographis paniculata nees) in infective hepatitis. 2255 84


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