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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Heating sterilized albumin preparations at 600 degrees C for 10 hours has historically been shown to yield a hepatitis-free, efficacious product. We have evaluated such a pasteurization procedure with AHF preparations. Procoagulant activity and fibrinogen stability were dependent on the amount of sucrose used as a stabilizer. Flash pasteurization at 72 degrees C was evaluated and was found to be detrimental to AHF. Effect of sucrose concentration was shown on the inactivation kinetics of porcine parvovirus. In the absence of other stabilizers, increased sucrose can provide increased thermoresistance to the virus in 2.5% albumin.
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PMID:Pasteurization of antihemophilic factor and model virus inactivation studies. 393 Dec 93

We recently visualized by immune electron microscopy a virus-like particle in the stools of patients with hepatitis A. The particle measured approximately 27 nm in diameter and morphologically resembled a picornavirus or parvovirus. To further characterize this particle, we have determined its buoyant density in cesium chloride (CsCl) by ultracentrifugation. Hepatitis A particles from three positive stool specimens were isopycnically banded in separate experiments, and the gradient fractions were examined for particles by immune electron microscopy by using hepatitis A convalescent sera. In each experiment, the particles were observed in a normal distribution about a peak fraction with a mean density of approximately 1.4 g/cm(3). The buoyant density of 1.4 g/cm(3) in CsCl together with its morphology and the reported resistance of hepatitis virus to acid, ether, and heat suggest that this particle is parvovirus-like.
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PMID:Buoyant density of the hepatitis A virus-like particle in cesium chloride. 483 15

Modern transfusion practice is associated with an increased risk of transmitting viral agents because of the changing nature of the patients and of the therapeutic blood products. More immunosuppressed patients are receiving blood released faster and with more elaborate blood components. In addition to the classically recognized importance of hepatitis B virus (itself disseminated most efficiently by contamination of products derived from large pools of plasma containing many donations) other agents are assuming increasing importance. They frequently display one or more of the predisposing characteristics of prolonged viraemia, inapparent infections and a carrier or latent state. Some of these infections like cytomegalovirus and the human T-cell leukaemia virus are transmitted only by the cellular component of blood. Others like B and non-A, non-B hepatitis and the putative agent(s) of the newly recognized acquired immune deficiency syndrome can also be transmitted in the plasma or its products. Not all the agents transmitted cause severe illness, however; human parvovirus appears to cause no clinical illness when transmitted by transfusion and infections with non-A, non-B hepatitis are largely detected only by elevations in transaminase levels. Screening tests for the presence of these agents in donor blood or for evidence of infection by them in donors continue to be studied. Other approaches, related in particular to the selection of donors, are becoming increasingly important where serological screening tests are not available.
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PMID:Viral infections transmitted by blood and its products. 609 64

Viral antibody studies were done on laboratory dogs in an epizootic of gastrointestinal disease. Increased hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers to a parvovirus (PV) antigenically related to feline panleukopenia virus were found in convalescent serum specimens of 78% (20/26) of the affected dogs and in 83% (5/6) of apparently healthy dogs. With one exception, all dogs tested had significant levels of hemagglutination-inhibition antibody to this PV. Similar increased antibody titers were found to feline panleukopenia virus. Also, neutralizing antibody responses were detected to the canine coronavirus in 24% (6/25) and canine herpesvirus in 45% (10/22) of the affected dogs. However, antibody titers did not increase to canine distemper virus, infectious canine hepatitis virus, canine parainfluenza virus, or minute virus of canines. Subsequent serotesting of the colony provided evidence that additional PV infections occurred in pups from each of 8 litters born 3 to 8 months after the epizootic. These findings indicated the continued presence of the PV for more than 1 year in the infected colony. Of 19 laboratory personnel who worked with the affected dogs, none, including 4 with a concurrent diarrheal disease, developed or had antibodies to the PV or canine coronavirus.
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PMID:Viral antibody studies of laboratory dogs with diarrheal disease. 627 46

The significance of canine parvovirus (CPV) infections as a permanent threat susceptible dogs, in particular pups, made the authors develop three liquid homologous inactivated adjuvant CPV vaccines that were compatible with existing canine vaccines and could be incorporated in current vaccination programmes. On vaccine (Kavak Parvo) contained only the CPV component, the second product (Kavak i-LP) also contained two inactivated leptospiral antigens, and the third vaccine (Kavak i-HLP) contained in addition an inactivated canine hepatitis virus. This paper reports on the studies conducted to test the safety and efficacy of the three products. They were used as such and as diluents for freeze dried vaccines containing live attenuated measles, distemper, and hepatitis viruses. The study was performed in a breeding kennel where all dogs were free from CPV antibodies and the nonvaccinated sentinels remained so for the course of the study. All vaccines proved to be safe in dogs of all ages, including pregnant bitches. The efficacy of the CPV component was studied both by monitoring antibody titres for more than a year and by challenge exposure of some dogs to virulent CPV. The results obtained from these studies prove that the CPV component used in the three vaccines can be incorporated as indicated in the recommended canine vaccination programmes. The observations that the inactivated CPV and hepatitis components do induce an active immunity in pups that are still protected by low levels of maternally derived antibodies against these viruses, make those vaccines very suitable in breeding kennels. Additional studies on a comparative basis are being continued in edemically CPV infected breeding kennels to quantify the significance of these observations in these special conditions.
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PMID:Experiments with a homologous, inactivated canine parvovirus vaccine in vaccination programmers for dogs. 629 55

Chimeric proteins consisting of the VP2 capsid protein of human parvovirus B19 and defined linear epitopes from human herpes simplex virus type 1 and mouse hepatitis virus A59 inserted at the N-terminus and at a predicted surface region were expressed by recombinant baculoviruses. The chimeric proteins expressed the inserted epitopes and assembled into empty capsids. Immunoelectron microscopy indicated that the epitopes inserted in the loop were exposed on the surface of the chimeric particles. The chimeric capsids were immunogenic in mice and antibodies specific for the inserted sequences were induced. In the case of MHV, antibodies were produced that recognized the epitope in the context of native virus. Mice immunized with the chimeric capsids were partially protected against a lethal challenge infection with either MHV or HSV.
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PMID:Chimeric parvovirus B19 capsids for the presentation of foreign epitopes. 750 80

Many investigators have searched for the causative agent(s) of blood-borne non-A, non-B hepatitis in sera and liver from patients and experimental animals, and have reported various virus-like particles, morphologically resembling parvovirus, togavirus, picornavirus, hepadnavirus, paramyxovirus, papovavirus, retrovirus or bunyavirus. Despite extensive effort, none of these virus-like particles has been confirmed universally as an etiologic virus because of the absence of immunological identification. The frustration was solved by the success in cloning cDNA of the genome of hepatitis C virus (HCV), a major etiologic agent of human non-A, non-B hepatitis, in 1989, but the morphology of HCV remained in riddles. We attempted to visualize HCV by indirect immunogold electron microscopy, using specific antibodies to the putative HCV envelope 1 protein and succeeded in identifying HCV particle in HCV-RNA-rich plasma. Our study showed that HCV particles are 55-65 nm spherical particles with 6 nm fine surface spike-like projections, and have a 30-35 nm inner core.
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PMID:[Searching for hepatitis C virus by immunoelectron microscopy and its morphology]. 756 52

A blood transfusion can never become a completely risk free event. Almost all kinds of infectious agents; viruses, bacteria and parasites, can be transmitted by blood. So far, hepatitis and HIV-infections have been focused. The state of readiness to meet these infections must be kept while we prepare for "new" agents, like parvovirus B19. Extensive international travelling will increase the possibility of blood-borne parasitic infections, like malaria and Chagas' disease, even with the very high quality demands imposed for Norwegian blood donors. We can keep a better eye on the infectivity of the blood products by strictly realizing our objective of national self-sufficiency. Recent research results indicate transfusion-mediated effects to the immune system, particularly of allogeneic transfusions containing leucocytes. This immunomodulation seems to enhance the risk of secondary infections. So far, it is impossible to tell whether this immunomodulation has any impact on the long-term outcome of malignant diseases. A blood transfusion will always represent a risk, although small, to the patient. This recognition makes it essential to carefully consider whether to give a patient a transfusion, and to document this decision properly.
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PMID:[Blood transmission and infections]. 757 May 35

Goose parvovirus is the etiological agent of Derzsy's disease, a fatal hepatitis of young geese. The virus infects geese and Muscovy ducks and can be propagated in the laboratory in primary embryonic goose fibroblasts. To date the virus has only been classified by morphological, biochemical, and culture characteristics as an autonomous parvovirus. We now report the cloning and partial sequencing of 3434 nucleotides of the viral genome. Three overlapping clones were obtained, encoding regions in the nonstructural and capsid coding region. The nucleotide sequence show little homology to other autonomous parvoviruses but 55% homology to the dependovirus AAV2. The homology to AAV2 was also confirmed at the amino acid level (nonstructural protein 55%, capsid coding region 51%). DNA cross hybridization studies indicate an even closer similarity of goose parvovirus to the yet unsequenced human dependoviruses AAV1 and AAV3 than to AAV2. These findings suggest that goose parvovirus may be genetically related to the dependovirus genus rather than to the other autonomous parvoviruses.
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PMID:Goose parvovirus--an autonomous member of the dependovirus genus? 761 68

Some viruses are unquestionably the cause of vasculitis, by different mechanisms: circulating immune complexes, cryoglobulinemia and/or direct infection of the blood vessel. The main viruses responsible for vasculitis are hepatitis B & C viruses, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19 and human immunodeficiency virus. Viral vasculitis are clinically protean, most of the time similar to idiopathic vasculitis. The manifestations due to the virus itself are sometimes hidden and vasculitis may reveal the viral infection. In some cases of viral vasculitis, particularly in hepatitis virus-induced vasculitis, antiviral therapy may help in controlling the disease. A viral etiology must be considered during atypical vasculitis.
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PMID:[Vasculitis of viral origin. Pathogenesis and therapeutic implications]. 774 53


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