Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Liver disease is a common complication in renal transplant recipients. Several types of liver disease can occur. The most common are acute and chronic hepatitis. The variety of acute hepatitis include hepatitis A, hepatitis B, cytomegalovirus hepatitis, herpes simplex hepatitis and azathioprine hepatitis. The incidence of azathioprine hepatitis may not be as high as initially suggested. Chronic hepatitis is a serious problem because the disease seems to be progressive despite prednisone therapy. The causes of this chronic hepatitis are not fully known, although hepatitis B, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus have been implicated. Discontinuation of azathioprine therapy has no appreciable effect on the course of chronic hepatitis.
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PMID:Liver disease in renal transplant recipients. 20 90

The susceptibility of white-lipped marmoset monkeys (Saguinus sp) to human hepatitis A virus (HAV) provides a system for evaluation of thermal inactivation of HAV in feces and contaminated shellfish. Intramuscular or oral administration of HAV derived from feces of four patients with acute hepatitis A induced hepatitis in 28--100% of the inoculated marmosets. A 10% (w/v) fecal pool (GBG-BM) prepared from two patients (GBG and GBM) induced hepatitis in marmosets (2/4 with 1 ml; 2/2 with 3 ml) when given orally as a 1 : 3 dilution. A HAV-baby food raw oyster mixture fed to fasted marmosets induced hepatitis in 1/4 and seroconversion in 2/4 animals. Two groups of oysters were injected with HAV (concentrated 3 : 1 by centrifugation of the GBG-BM pool); one group was treated at 140 degrees F for 19 minutes and the other served as an untreated control. In animals fed the untreated inoculum, 4/6 developed hepatitis and 6/6 seroconverted, whereas of those fed the heat-treated inoculum 1/7 developed hepatitis and 2/7 seroconverted. These data suggest that pasteurization methods could be developed that would eliminate shellfish-associated hepatitis A and retain the palatability of the shellfish.
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PMID:Thermal treatment and infectivity of hepatitis A virus in human feces. 21 24

Serum mitochondrial glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity was determined in 83 patients with various liver diseases and 10 healthy adults. 1) The average of mitochondrial glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase value was 1.2 mU in healthy adults, 8.3 mU in patients with acute hepatitis, 13.7 mU in patients with post-transfusion hepatitis, 5.0 mU in patients with persistent hepatitis, 4.5 mU in patients with chronic inactive hepatitis, 9.6 mU in patients with chronic active hepatitis, 5.6 mU in liver cirrhosis, and 295 mU in a patient with fulminant hepatitis. 2) While one patient with acute hepatitis showed the highest value in the group of 29 mU, one patient with fulminant hepatitis showed an extremely high value of 295 mU, revealing an obvious difference between them. 3) One patient with fresh myocardial infarction also showed an extremely high value of 110 mU.
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PMID:Clinical significance of mitochondrial glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase in serum of patients with liver disease. 21 85

The authors encountered an outbreak of acute hepatitis in a public institute for mentally retarded children in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. Studies revealed that the probable vehicles of transmission of infection were contaminated water, contaminated meals, and close contact. From the clinical manifestations and epidemiological investigations of 41 affected children and staff members, an outbreak of hepatitis A was strongly suspected. Immune electron microscopy disclosed hepatitis A virus antigen particles in the stool specimens collected during the few days before and after peak transaminase elevation. Hepatitis A antigen was further extracted and purified. The antigen was the first reported recovery of the virus from a natural outbreak of hapatitis A in Asia. Subsequently, with the immune adherence hemagglutination test, using this extracted antigen, an increase in titer of antibody to hepatitis A antigen was demonstrated. Thus, this epidemic was serologically established as an outbreak of hepatitis A. Human immune serum globulin for the protection against hepatitis A was administrated to the 80 individuals concerned, and it was effective in preventing the clinical manifestation of hepatitis.
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PMID:Studies on the outbreak of hepatitis A in an institute for mentally retarded children. 21 86

Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), mitochondrial GOT (GOTm), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamate dehydrogenase activities were determined in 43 healthy controls and in 280 cases of liver diseases. A simplified column chromatographic method coupled with UV assay was employed for separation of GOTm. The activity was measured by following decrease in abosrbance of NADH at 340 nm. The lowest activity of GOTm determined with a coefficient of variation below 10% was 6 mIU/ml. High GOTm activities were found in acute hepatitis (acute stage), subacute hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis and were generally associated with high total GOT (GOTt) activities. The activity ratio of GOTm/GOTt varied depending on the stage and severity of liver diseases. The GOTm/GOTt ratio was decreased in acute, fulminant and subacute hepatitides. No significant reduction in the ratio was found in bile duct obstruction, alcoholic liver injury or metastatic liver cancer. Although relatively high GOTm/GOTt ratios were found in some patients with severe hepatic injury, they had no definite association with poor prognosis. These results indicate that the marked elevation in GOTt over GPT in advanced chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and primary hepatoma was mainly due to preferential leakage of cytoplasmic GOT (GOTs).
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PMID:The mechanism of the release of hepatic enzymes in various liver diseases. 1. Alterations in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzyme activities in serum. 22 31

A retrospective study has been performed in 149 subjects with present or past HBs antigenemia. The group consisted of 8 asymptomatic carriers, 90 with acute hepatitis, 7 with fulminating hepatitis, 27 with chronic hepatitis, 16 with cirrhosis and 1 with hepatoma. The changes from one clinical condition to another, the sources of infection, the percentage of acute hepatitis in the history of chronic hepatitis cases and the working capacity an average of two years after the infection were studied. HBe antigen and the corresponding antibody were detected by immunodiffusion and the results compared with the clinical course.
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PMID:[Retrospective study of 149 cases of hepatitis B virus infections. Study of markers and of evolution]. 22 49

199 children with acute hepatitis hospitalized between 1968 and 1978 were tested for serological markers of hepatitis A and B infection. In 24 out of 28 HBsAg-positive patients, hepatitis B infection was diagnosed because of the disappearance of the antigen during convalescence. The histories of the 171 HBsAg-negative children suggested acute hepatitis A infection in 69% of the patients. This diagnosis could be confirmed in 110 of the 116 tested cases (95%) by a more than fourfold increase in the anti-HAV titer or by detection of anti-HAV of the IgM class. In the 55 HBsAg-negative patients without epidemiological clues as to the type of hepatitis, 40 children exhibited anti-HAV which could be related to acute A infection in 21 out of 22 tested cases. At least 11 patients had to be classified as having nonn A--non B infection. The results indicate that a combination of evaluation of the patient's history and selected serological tests will permit a fast preliminary diagnosis. This is important in the clinical management of patients and protection of contacts with immunoglobulin.
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PMID:Hepatitis types A, B, and non A--non B in childhood. 23 49

The plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase was determined in patients with various liver diseases and the relationship between this enzyme activity and the other liver function tests were studied including long term observations. Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity in fulminant hepatitis and liver cirrhosis showed a significant decrease in comparison with normal volunteers. Although the enzyme activity of hepatoma showed significant decrease, they were ascribed to the influence of concomitant liver cirrhosis. The enzyme activity showed insignificant changes in the acute and chronic hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease. Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity was correlated with the concentration of cholesterolester rather than with the ratio of esters to cholesterol. In addition, it was well correlated with pseudocholine esterase and serum albumin. The lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity in the cases during follow-up period varied in good parallel with cholesterol-esters concentration and pseudocholine esterase in the cases with acute hepatitis; with serum albumin in the cases with liver cirrhosis. Furthermore, it varied inversely with SGPT in the cases with acute hepatitis. In a case with hepatoma, lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity decreased more sharply than the cholesterolesters concentration and serum albumin immediately before death.
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PMID:Plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity in liver disease. 23 Sep 93

The HBeAg was detected in 5 of 24 patients with acute type B hepatitis (20.8%), 33 of 95 with chronic hepatitis (34.7%), 6 of 33 with liver cirrhosis (18.2%), and 3 of 39 with hepatocellular carcinoma (7.7%). On the other hand, anti-HBe was found in 4.2% of acute hepatitis, 18.9% of chronic hepatitis, 9.1% of liver cirrhosis, and 12.8% of hepatocellular carcinoma. We found that an early detection of HBeAg in patients with acute hepatitis is of no prognostic value, but its persistence may provide the earliest evidence of potential chronicity. In chronic liver diseases, HBeAg-positive cases showed remarkable fluctuations of serum transaminase levels, severe histological changes and poor responses to treatment. Many of the HBeAg-positive patients lost their initial positivity of HBeAg within six months or one year and in some cases serocoverted to anti-HBe after acute exacerbation. Follow-up study more than several years revealed that the presence of anti-HBe reflect an inactive stage and a more favorable outcome, whereas persistence of HBeAg may provide an active and continuing hepatocellular damage. From these results, we believed that serial measurements of HBeAg/anti-HBe system are useful prognostic marker in patients with HBsAg-positive liver disease.
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PMID:Incidence and clinical significance of HBe antigen and antibody in HBsAg-positive various liver diseases. 23 Sep 94

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to hepatitis A virus is described. The test uses the principle of binding of IgM antibodies to anti-IgM-coated microtiter plates to determine whether the IgM antibodies attached have specificities for hepatitis A virus. In three patients with hepatitis type A followed up to 12 months, IgM antibodies to hepatitis A virus could be demonstrated from the onset of illness and during the following 2 to 3 months. When acute-phase sera from 48 patients with acute hepatitis were tested, IgM antibodies to hepatitis A virus could only be demonstrated in 18 patients previously classified as type A, whereas 30 patients with type B and non-A non-B hepatitis were negative. IgM antibodies to hepatitis A virus could not be demonstrated in 108 normal sera nor in 55 sera containing rheumatoid factor. These results indicate that the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgM antibodies to hepatitis A virus is useful in the serodiagnosis of acute hepatitis type A on a single serum sample taken during the acute phase of illness.
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PMID:Detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies to hepatitis A virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 23 4


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