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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To clarify the aetiology of an outbreak of HBsAg-negative acute hepatitis in the renal unit at Fulham Hospital in 1968--70, serological tests for antibody to hepatitis-A virus (anti-H.A.V.) were done retrospectively on serum samples obtained at the time of the outbreak. 7 patients had had two previous episodes of clinical HBsAg-negative hepatitis. Serum samples were available from 24 of the 29 infected patients, and these were paired in 12 instances. There was a slight increase in the titre of anti-H.A.V. in 1 patient, and a further 2 patients who subsequently developed chronic hepatitis showed a decrease in titre, but no changes in titre were detected in the remaining 21 cases. These findings do not provide evidence for the involvement of hepatitis-A virus in the outbreak of hepatitis and effectively exclude a role for this virus in the chrnoic liver disease which developed subsequently in 8 (28%) of the patients. This outbreak is therefore probably non-A non-B hepatitis, which has not been reported previously in Great Britain in a haemodialysis unit. The results confirm that this form of hepatitis may be related to a high frequency of persistent hepatic dysfunction.
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PMID:Non-A non-B hepatitis associated with chronic liver disease in a haemodialysis unit. 8 18

In a search for serological markers of non-A non-B(NANB) hepatitis, sera from repeatedly transfused and convalescent patients were assayed by immunodiffusion against sera from 12 patients with early acute NANB hepatitis. A new antigen/antibody system distinct from HBsAg was demonstrated in 8 cases. To assess the specificity of the test, serial sera from 17 patients with acute hepatitis of known aetiology (10 due to hepatitis-B virus, 4 to hepatitis-A virus, 3 to drugs) were tested twice a month, together with sera from 14 NANB patients obtained during a prospective post-transfusion study. NANB antigen (Ag) was detected in at least one sample from 12 of the 14 NANB patients (86%) but in none of the other groups. NANB Ag appeared after or just before elevation of transaminase levels and was cleared before they fell to normal. 4 of 5 patients who showed seroconversion to NANB antibody (Ab) had transient hepatitis. In contrast, the alanine adminotransferase value returned to normal in only 1 of the 5 with persistent NANB antigenaemia during 6 months' follow-up. NANB Ag was also demonstrated by immunodiffusion in liver extracts from patients with chronic NANB hepatitis with antigenaemia. Fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labelled gammaglobulins with strong NANB Ab activity revealed specific nuclear fluorescence in foci of hepatocytes on cryostat sectons of these livers but in none of 6 control human livers. The results suggest that the antigen and antibody are specifically linked to NANB hepatitis of long incubation period.
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PMID:Detection of virus-associated antigen in serum and liver of patients with non-A non-B hepatitis. 9 82

The HBeAg-HBeAb system has been studied by means of the microimmunodiffusion technique on agar in patients suffering from acute hepatitis at various stages of the disease, in patients with chronic liver diseases and in asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg. The results correlate the presence of HBeAg with the state of the disease (initial phase of acute or chronic hepatitis) and the presence of HBeAb with clinical cure of an acute hepatitis or with the condition of healthy carrier. It is a personal impression also that an HBsAg + hepatitis can be cured more rapidly the better the immune response expressed by the appearance of HBeAb, and that a lacking or deficient immune response to HBeAg may underlie the chronic course of the disease. Emphasis is also laid on the early disappearance of HBeAb in patients with acute hepatitis, this being matched by its persistence in asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg. In this regard, the first results reported here on the identification of the immune globulin class to which the HBeAb belongs would appear to confirm the hypothesis that the anti-e response is of IgM type in acute hepatitis and of IgG type in HBsAg carriers.
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PMID:[Further observations on the HBeAg-HBeAb system in the course of hepatitis and in HBsAg carriers]. 10 36

We have analyzed the frequency of chronicity and its distribution according to epidemiologic background following acute non-A, non-B hepatitis. Eighteen of 45 cases (40%) developed chronic liver disease. The incidence of chronicity was significantly higher following transfusion and among drug addicts (54% and 58%) than among patients without obvious source of infection (20%). Chronic active hepatitis developed in 4 of 13 patients (31%) with posttransfusion hepatitis. This lesion was not observed among the addicts or the patients without obvious source for the acute hepatitis.
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PMID:Chronic liver disease after acute non-A, non-B viral hepatitis. 11 40

A consecutive series of 115 patients hospitalized with acute viral hepatitis in Copenhagen was studied for serological markers for hepatitis A and B virus. Thirty-nine patients had type B, 66 had type A, 3 had both type A and B, and 7 had type non-A non-B. Of the patients 81% were between 15 and 40 years of age, and there was a dominance of males due to an overrepresentation of homosexual males (30%) in both the A and B group. The main type of exposure to hepatitis type A was travel to foreign countries (53%), and for type B it was drug addiction (41%). In types A and B the duration of jaundice was positively correlated to the age of the patients but did not vary with sex or type of exposure. There was no difference in maximum alanine aminotransferase levels between the groups, but maximum bilirubin levels were lower for the type A group. Patients with hepatitis type A had a higher level of IgM than those with type B and with type non-A and non-B. We conclude that both clinically acute hepatitis type A and type B occur mainly in young adults and that foreign travel, drug addiction, and homosexuality increase the risk of getting acute hepatitis.
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PMID:Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of acute hepatitis types A, B, and non-A non-B. 12 1

The case reported here is that of a girl with presumably viral non A, non B, acute hepatitis with a very unusual course. Fulminant hepatitis with submassive and bridging hepatic necrosis and a 17-day coma began during the 7th week of evolution. Prolonged chronic active hepatitis followed. Treatment was initiated 6 months after the beginning of the affection and was maintained for more than 2 years, with an apparent cure persisting after follow-up period of 6 months; fibrous scars were the only abnormalities demonstrable on histologic examination of liver biopsy. It is possible that such type of fulminant hepatitis with unusual course will become more frequent, as survival of the initial acute episode increase.
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PMID:[Chronic active hepatitis with a favorable course, after fulminant hepatitis]. 12 40

Subtyping of hepatitis B antigen (HBs Ag) in patients with acute hepatitis B revealed subtype ay in 75 percent while subtype ad was much more common in chronic hepatitis B infections: 81 percent of HBs Ag positive blood donors and 76 percent of patients with HBs Ag positive chronic aggressive hepatitis revealed subtype ad. In contrast to blood donors and chronic hepatitis patients, a change of the prevalent subtype was noted in acute hepatitis patients between 1970 and 1974. Before May 1972, subtype ad was found in 67 percent of patients, whereas later subtype ay dominated in 93 percent. An unequal distribution of subtypes between acute and chronic forms of hepatitis B infections has been explained by differences in the virulence of virus strains. Our results suggest that the higher prevalence of subtype ad in longterm carriers may be due to infection during an earlier time when subtype ad was also common in acute infections. The change of the prevalent subtype in acute infections may be attributed to differences in contagiosity rather than differences in virulence of virus strains.
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PMID:[Change of the prevalent subtype of hepatitis B antigen in acute hepatitis B infections (author's transl)]. 12 76

The results of liver scans performed with 99mTc-sulphur colloid in 169 patients suffering from diffuse liver diseases and in 48 normal controls were evaluated. The patients with reactive hepatitis, acute hepatitis, chronic persistent hepatitis, fatty liver and fibrosis of the liver show only minimal deviations from the scintigraphic pattern. On the contrary, highly increased colloid uptake in the spleen is found in cases of chronic aggressive hepatitis, whilst the intrahepatic distribution of the colloid is approximately normal. In cases of liver cirrhosis, increased colloid uptake is found in the left lobe of the liver as well as in the spleen and in the bone marrow. Either normal findings or cirrhosis-like changes of the colloid distribution are observed in patients with alcoholic hepatitis.
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PMID:[Liver scanning in diffuse liver disease (author's transl)]. 12 69

Hepatitis B (HbsAg) surface antigen has been detected in the serum of patients with a variety of diseases and immune complexes of this antigen and antibody have been implicated in tissue damage to various organs. Previously we have demonstrated that serum cryoproteins occur in a variety of immune complex disorders and represent pathogenic complexes of antigen and specific antibody. Sera from patients with acute HbsAg positive hepatitis, chronic hepatitis B antigenemia, acute and chronic HbsAg negative hepatitis, as well as a variety HbsAg negative miscellaneous liver diseases and normals were studied for the presence and nature of cryoproteins. Cryoproteins were detected in a large number of patients with acute and chronic HbsAg positive hepatitis and chronic HbsAg carriers. The quantity of these cold insoluble precipitates was highest in acute hepatitis. Cryoproteins were detected with much less frequency in HbsAg negative patients and were not found in normals. The precipitates in HbsAg patients contained either HbsAg, anti-HBsAg or both, along with immunoglobulins and occasionally complement and rheumatoid factor. The cryoproteins in these patients had biological properties attributable to immune complexes and several of the patients had clinical manifestations of acute or chronic serum sickness. Cryoproteins from HbsAg negative patients did not contain HbsAg or antibody to HbsAg and did not have biologic properties of immune complexes. In HbsAg positive patients HbsAg and antibody to HbsAg were concentrated in the cryoprecipitate. The preliminary studies suggest that investigation on cryoproteins in hepatitis may be of clinical and immunopathogenic value.
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PMID:The nature and incidence of cryoproteins in hepatitis B antigen (HbsAg) positive patients. 13 Jun 50

Total and conjugated biliary acids were determined in a lot of 105 subjects, including 15 healthy persons, 60 with acute viral hepatitis, 10 with chronic evolutive hepatitis, 10 with cholecystophaties and dyskinesia and 10 with obstructive jaundice. A marked diminution in the proportion of conjugated biliary acids was found in acute hepatitis and cholecystopathies. Chenodioxycholic and dioxycholic acid increase in acute diseases of the liver, whereas cholic acid increases in obstructive jaundice and chronic hepatitis, with a consecutive almost threefold reduction of th ratio of trihydroxycholanic to dihydroxycholanic acids in acute lesions of the liver cells. The ratio of glycoconjugated acids to taurocholic acids is smaller inchronic hepatitis and diseases of the gallbladder than in acute hepatitis and obstructive jaudice. Study of these ratios may represent an element of differential diagnosis in diseases of the liver and viral hepatitis. Determination of the biliary acids may have a prognostic value since an increase in these acids persists with the hepatic lesions. Determination of the biliary acids is technically difficult and may be used for diagnostic purposes only within the context of other hepatic explorations.
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PMID:[Diagnostic value of serum conjugated bile acids in viral hepatitis]. 13 45


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