Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-eight patients with a variety of advanced solid tumors were treated with a combination of adriamycin 50 mg/m2, and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum 50 mg/m2, every 2 to 4 weeks. Fifteen patients responded with a greater than 50% regression of measurable tumor; six with lung cancer; one, carcinoma of the breast; one, ovary; one, cervix; one, prostate; one, testis; one, maxillary sinus; and one, salivary gland, plus one patient with chemodectoma and one with adenocarcinoma of unknown primary. Responses lasted 1 to 18 months, with a median of 6 months. An additional six patients, including two with adenocarcinoma of the lung three with carcinoma of the cervix, and one with embryonal cell testicular carcinoma improved (25-50% regression of the tumor). Toxicity encountered included myelosuppression, azotemia, alopecia, nausea, vomitting, and stomatitis. Severe hematologic toxicity occurred only in those with compromised marrow function or with concurrent active hepatitis. Major potentiation of toxicity by the combination does not appear to have occurred.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy with adriamycin and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum in patients with neoplastic diseases. 98 19

A variety of side effects have been reported with the use of interleukin-2 alone or in combination with lymphokine-activated killer cells in patients with disseminated neoplasms. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of high-dose interleukin-2 administration in normal rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with intravenous recombinant interleukin-2 (900,000 IU/kg/day) for 9 consecutive days. Animals were placed in individual metabolic cages, and arterial blood pressure, food intake, body weight, and urine output were monitored. On day 10, animals were killed by exsanguination, various tissues were harvested, and a variety of hematologic and chemical assays were performed. The results were compared with those of placebo-injected normal control and pair-fed groups. The interleukin-2-treated group exhibited anorexia, weight loss, hypotension, anemia, leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, eosinophilia, hypercalcemia, azotemia, and a marked urinary concentration defect. Histologic examination of various tissues revealed widespread infiltration with mono-nuclear cells and eosinophils in most organs, especially in the lungs and liver of interleukin-2-treated animals. Other abnormalities included severe panlobular hepatitis, hepatocellular necrosis, and thymic involution. Renal involvement was mild and consisted of focal interstitial infiltration by mononuclear cells. According to these observations, administration of high-dose interleukin-2 in normal rats results in a score of significant functional, biochemical, and histologic abnormalities.
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PMID:Functional, biochemical, and histopathologic consequences of high-dose interleukin-2 administration in rats. 206 48

HRS occurs frequently in patients with advanced cirrhosis of the liver and fulminant hepatitis. The pathogenesis of HRS is not clearly understood; reduced effective plasma volume and intense renal cortical vasoconstriction seem to have important roles. The HRS is a diagnosis by exclusion, and it [table: see text] is often difficult to differentiate this entity from prerenal azotemia and ATN. The HRS is characterized by its relentless progression and usually fatal outcome. The essential steps in the management of HRS are to identify and correct the precipitating factors leading to HRS and avoidance of potential hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic drugs. Patients with potentially reversible liver diseases should be treated aggressively. Volume expansion is important and should be tried first, even though hypovolemia may be not clinically evident. Dialysis may benefit patients with fluid overload and electrolyte imbalance or those awaiting liver transplantation. In selective cases, peritoneovenous shunt may be of value. Liver transplantation is the only curative therapy available at present.
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PMID:The hepatorenal syndrome. 219 63

It is well known that intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy is a safe and effective treatment for superficial bladder carcinoma with few serious complications. However, we report a case of pneumonitis, hepatitis, azotemia, fever and pancytopenia in a patient after transurethral administration of bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Even though severe systemic complications are rare, patients who have high fevers of signs of other systemic manifestations require documentation of the extent of the infection. Also, we address the use of prophylactic antituberculous drugs, not only to prevent these symptoms but also to raise the questions of diminishing the immunological effect of the treatment.
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PMID:Systemic bacillus-Calmette Guerin infection after transurethral administration for superficial bladder carcinoma. 279 34

The autopsy data at the University of Southern California Liver Unit was studied during a 6-year period to investigate the relationship of fibrinous pericarditis with liver diseases. We found 18 cases of fibrinous pericarditis in 220 patients with alcoholic liver disease but none in 32 patients with fulminant and subacute hepatitis without alcoholism or in 39 patients with nonalcoholic cirrhosis. Although all the 18 patients with pericarditis had azotemia, 3 patients had pericarditis develop only in mild renal function impairment. These findings suggest that chronic alcoholism may precipitate pericarditis during the hepatorenal syndrome.
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PMID:Fibrinous pericarditis in alcoholic liver disease. 292 90

A multicenter prospective randomized trial of four versus six weeks of amphotericin B, 0.3 mg/kg per day, plus flucytosine, 150 mg/kg per day, was performed with 194 patients with cryptococcal meningitis. One or more toxic drug reactions developed in 103 patients: azotemia (51), renal tubular acidosis (two), leukopenia (30), thrombocytopenia (22), diarrhea (26), nausea/vomiting (10), and hepatitis (13). The four- and six-week regimens were complicated by toxicity in 44 percent and 43 percent of cases, respectively. Toxicity appeared during the first two weeks of therapy in 56 percent and during the first four weeks in 87 percent. Azotemia did not occur more frequently in renal transplant recipients or diabetic patients. Cytopenias did not appear more often in patients with hematologic malignancies or those receiving immunosuppressive therapies. Toxic reactions that contributed to death developed in five patients (two with azotemia, one with pancytopenia, one with hepatitis, one with ileus). Amphotericin B-induced azotemia was not a significant risk factor for the subsequent development of bone marrow, gastrointestinal, or hepatic toxicity attributable to flucytosine. Flucytosine toxicity was associated with peak serum flucytosine levels of 100 micrograms/ml or more during two or more weeks of therapy (p = 0.005). Peak 5-fluorouracil levels were not predictive of toxicity. An initial dose of flucytosine is recommended based on the creatinine clearance: 150 mg/kg per day at a creatinine clearance above 50 ml/minute, 75 mg/kg per day at a creatinine clearance of 26 to 50 ml/minute, and 37 mg/kg per day at a creatinine clearance of 13 to 25 ml/minute. The serum creatinine level should be monitored twice weekly and the creatinine clearance weekly during therapy in order to anticipate changes in serum flucytosine concentration. In addition, it is recommended that the serum flucytosine level be determined two hours after an oral dose once a week, and that the dose be adjusted to maintain a level of 50 to 100 micrograms/ml.
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PMID:Toxicity of amphotericin B plus flucytosine in 194 patients with cryptococcal meningitis. 330 26

Chronic intermittent hemodialysis may relieve some medical problems of terminal uremia (for example, azotemia, acidosis, hypertension, neuro-muscular disorders, bleeding, pericarditis) to such a degree that many patients are able to resume their normal activity. There remain, however, problems which are not readily changed by hemodialysis (anemia, peripheral neuropathy, pruritus, sexual impotence, renal osteodystrophy). These, together with medical problems possibly caused by hemodialysis (for example, osmotic disequilibrium, errors in dialysate composition, hepatitis, hemosiderosis, isoimmunization from blood transfusions, shunt problems and psychological problems of dependency upon the artificial kidney) represent a limitation of the present type of hemodialysis therapy.
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PMID:Some medical problems of chronic hemodialysis. 486 55

Two cases of nephrotoxicity associated with piroxicam therapy are reported. In the first case, severe reversible azotemia with hyperkalemia resolved after discontinuation of the medication. In the second case, biopsy-proved acute interstitial nephritis with immune complex glomerulonephritis and hepatitis improved after steroid therapy. The mechanism for such toxicity may be altered hemodynamics, cellular immunity, or humoral immunity related to prostaglandin inhibition.
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PMID:Piroxicam-induced renal disease. 669 75

The hepato-renal syndrome is defined as potentially reversible functional renal failure associated with acute fulminant hepatitis or, more often, with advanced chronic liver failure. It is characterized by oliguria, azotemia, retention of sodium and water with formation of ascites, and hyponatremia. While urinary sodium concentration of less than 10 mEq/l reflects intact tubular sodium absorption, the kidney lacks the ability for adequate free-water generation. This condition must be separated from specific renal diseases which may arise during the course of intra-or extrahepatic diseases and which must be classified accordingly. Pathophysiological aspects of the hepa-to-renal syndrome include hemodynamic factors, such as changes in intrarenal blood flow distribution in the presence of elevated intrarenal and reduced peripheral vascular resistance. The functional relationship of vasoconstrictor, sodium retaining, and anti-diuretic hormones (e.g., renin-angiotensin, aldosterone, and vasopressin) to vasodilator, diuretic, and natriuretic hormonal factors (e.g., prostaglandins, kinins, and natriuretic hormone) may be altered as well. Finally, a pre- and intrahepatic spillover resulting in decreased endotoxin clearance must be considered. Due to the lack of understanding of their complex interactions, so far pharmacological and therapeutic approaches remained ineffective to correct at least some of these factors. Today, recovery from hepato-renal syndrome will, therefore, mainly depend on the course of the underlying liver disease.
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PMID:[Hepato-renal syndrome (author's transl)]. 727 84

Thirty-five children with G6PD deficiency, who presented with acute intravascular haemolysis, were evaluated to define its aetiology, clinical features and ultimate outcome. All were boys with ages ranging from 6 months to 12 years. Pallor of abrupt onset and passage of cola-coloured urine were universal presenting symptoms. Incriminating factors responsible for haemolysis include hepatitis (7), malaria (4), bacterial sepsis (3) and drug intake (24), with more than one predisposing condition existing in some children. Marked elevations in serum bilirubin, coinciding with intravascular haemolysis, was a feature in all the seven children with hepatitis. Azotaemia was noted in 20 patients, of whom 14 did not have oliguria. All four children with malaria presented with protracted renal failure. Therapy focused on maintaining a high urine output in those without oliguria. A total of 15 peritoneal dialyses and five haemodialyses were required in six patients with acute renal failure, all of whom were oliguric. Supportive therapy consisted of blood transfusions and treatment of the predisposing diseases. Thirty-two children recovered completely while three died, the cause of death being severe anaemia and congestive cardiac failure, malaria with oliguric renal failure and hepatic encephalopathy, respectively.
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PMID:Acute intravascular haemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. 750 89


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