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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In Egypt, infection with hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV), together with schistosomiasis are major causes of chronic liver disease. Findings are presented from a study conducted in January 1994 to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in a Schistosoma mansoni-endemic area east of the Bitter Lakes recently reclaimed from the desert for agriculture. Serology for hepatitis B and C markers was performed on a community-based random sample of 506 area residents of mean age 20 years, and 52% male. The seroprevalences of hepatitis infection were 19.6% for HBV, 10.3% for HCV, and 5% both HBV and HCV. The prevalence of HBV and HCV markers generally increased with age. No association, however, was found with either sex, S. mansoni infection, or schistosomal periportal fibrosis. HBV seropositivity was not associated with increased risk of HCV seropositivity. Anti-HCV seropositivity was significantly associated with previous parenteral treatment for schistosomiasis and history of previous surgery. HBV and HCV infection is a major problem in this population. The Egyptian program of infant hepatitis B vaccination should be consolidated and extended to older children and high-risk adult groups. There is also an urgent need to study more closely the epidemiology, natural history, risk factors, and modes of hepatitis C transmission.
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PMID:The prevalence of hepatitis B and C infections among immigrants to a newly reclaimed area endemic for Schistosoma mansoni in Sinai, Egypt. 938 97

Two young men with Salmonella bacteraemia, active schistosomiasis and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are reported. The clinical presentation comprised nonspecific signs and symptoms, such as fatigue, malaise, weight loss, diarrhoea, prolonged fever, and hepatosplenomegaly. In one patient, liver biopsy showed poorly formed granulomata around Schistosoma mansoni eggs and hepatitis. Treatment of schistosomiasis alone induced consistent clinical improvement with eventual cure of both Salmonella and S. mansoni infections. Recognition of the Salmonella-S. mansoni association in patients with AIDS is important because treatment of schistosomiasis makes a difference, improving the prognosis of this otherwise, recurrent, potentially fatal bacteraemia.
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PMID:Salmonella-S. mansoni association in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 987 36

Schistosomiasis is one of the main health problems hindering socio-economic development in Egypt. It affects millions at an early age, diminishing productivity and exerting a significant socio-economic impact. Schistosomiasis endemicity in Egypt varies in different areas. Schistosoma mansoni, with a prevalence generally ranging between 20 to 40%, has replaced Schistosoma haematobium in the Nile Delta, and the latter is now localized to upper Egypt with low endemicity levels (5-10%). The pathology of schistosomiasis consists essentially of a series of chronic inflammatory lesions produced in and around blood vessels by eggs or their products and sometimes by dead adult worms. If the ova continued to be deposited in sufficient numbers and over several years, they would ultimately lead to progressive fibrosis of the portal tracts and urinary bladder, or may be carried in blood and become trapped in the lungs, gastro-intestinal and genital tracts with only occasional association with other organs. The etiology of human pipe-stem fibrosis is still not understood. The host immune response and frequency of exposure and the time of re-infection interval appear to be involved in the overall process of fibrosis. Additional factors are probably involved in the human disease as genetic host susceptibility, malnutrition, repeated infections and repeated treatment, mixed infections including hepatitis, tuberculosis and typhoid. Reversibility of the fibrosis might be related to the proportion of the collagen types present. Immuno-histopathological demonstration of various types of collagen confirms the importance of time for administration of the treatment and period of follow-up. According to previous studies, the timing for treatment affects the reversibility of liver fibrosis emphasizing the importance of early treatment of schistosomiasis to prevent complications.
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PMID:Histological assessment of tissue repair after treatment of human schistosomiasis. 1099 24

The relation between ammonia intoxication and liver disease is not clear. Ammonia appears to be relatively non-toxic to normal individuals, whereas some patients with liver disease appear to be exquisitely sensitive to dietary protein, ammonia-releasing substances, and ammonium salts. In an attempt to elucidate this relationship the intravenous LD(50) of ammonium chloride was determined in both normal mice and in those with liver disease produced by a variety of means. Parenchymal damage was created by acute and chronic carbon tetrachloride intoxication, a low-protein, lipotrope-deficient diet, and mouse hepatitis virus. Mice in which the portal vein had been partially ligated and those infected with Schistosoma mansoni developed portal-systemic collateral circulation. Groups of these mice were placed on high-protein diets and ammonia drinking water for periods as long as two months. A combination of both parenchymal damage and collateral circulation was induced in mice either by bile duct ligation or by a combination of schistosomiasis and acute carbon tetrachloride intoxication. When the above groups of mice with liver disease were compared with normal control mice in the same weight range, the LD(50) of ammonium chloride showed no striking change.
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PMID:Liver disease and ammonia intoxication. 1399 82

Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) eggs trapped in the host liver elicit a chain of oxidative processes that may be, at least in part, responsible for the pathology and progression of fibrosis associated with schistosomal hepatitis. This study was designed to assess the protective effect of the antioxidant coenzyme-Q10 (Co-Q10) against experimental S. mansoni-induced oxidative stress in the liver, and its potential role as an adjuvant to praziquantel (PZQ) therapy. The oxidative stress and overall liver function were improved under Co-Q10 therapy as evidenced by significant reduction in oxidative stress markers and preservation of antioxidant factors. Liver fibrosis was also reduced with a positive impact on liver function. Moreover, addition of Co-Q10 to PZQ therapy caused: significant reduction of liver egg load, significant improvement of the redox status, and lastly decreased liver fibrosis.
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PMID:Experimental schistosomal hepatitis: protective effect of coenzyme-Q10 against the state of oxidative stress. 1864 Jan 14

The clinical manifestations of schistosomiasis pass by acute, sub acute and chronic stages that mirror the immune response to infection. The later includes in succession innate, TH1 and TH2 adaptive stages, with an ultimate establishment of concomitant immunity. Some patients may also develop late complications, or suffer the sequelae of co-infection with other parasites, bacteria or viruses. Acute manifestations are species-independent; occur during the early stages of invasion and migration, where infection-naivety and the host's racial and genetic setting play a major role. Sub acute manifestations occur after maturity of the parasite and settlement in target organs. They are related to the formation of granulomata around eggs or dead worms, primarily in the lower urinary tract with Schistosoma haematobium, and the colon and rectum with Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma intercalatum and Schistosoma mekongi infection. Secondary manifestations during this stage may occur in the kidneys, liver, lungs or other ectopic sites. Chronic morbidity is attributed to the healing of granulomata by fibrosis and calcification at the sites of oval entrapment, deposition of schistosomal antigen-antibody complexes in the renal glomeruli or the development of secondary amyloidosis. Malignancy may complicate the chronic lesions in the urinary bladder or colon. Co-infection with salmonella or hepatitis viruses B or C may confound the clinical picture of schistosomiasis, while the latter may have a negative impact on the course of other co-infections as malaria, leishmaniasis and HIV. Prevention of schistosomiasis is basically geared around education and periodic mass treatment, an effective vaccine being still experimental. Praziquantel is the drug of choice in the treatment of active infection by any species, with a cure rate of 80%. Other antischistosomal drugs include metrifonate for S. haematobium, oxamniquine for S. mansoni and Artemether and, possibly, Mirazid for both. Surgical treatment may be needed for fibrotic lesions.
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PMID:Human schistosomiasis: clinical perspective: review. 2568 50

Estimated 500,000 - 1 million cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are reported to occur yearly worldwide, with a mean annual incidence of around 3 - 4% of global population. HCC is rapidly fatal in most patients; that makes its incidence and mortality rates almost equal. In the last 5-10 years there were many alarming reports of sharply increased incidence of HCC. In Egypt, HCC reported to account for about 4.7% of chronic liver disease (CLD) patients, which has tremendous impact on socio-economic development in the country. Available data suggests indirect evidence of an association between Schistosoma mansoni and hepatocellular carcinoma, possibly through potentiation of hepatitis infections. The present study was conducted case control analysis of 60 HCC patients. Chronic schistosomiasis cases were confirmed by finding Anti-Schistosoma mansoni antibodies IgG by ELISA. Hepatitis C viral infection was proved by detection of viral load by quantitative Real time PCR. Among the study group 56.6% (34/60) were dweller in rural in Al-Fayoum governorate. Within hepatocellular carcinoma cases 26.7% (16/60) and 33.3% (20/60) suffered mono chronic schistosomiasis and mono hepatitis C (HCV) infections respectively, with no statistically significant differences (p=0.37), indicating comparable risk value of both infections in predisposing directly to HCC. Additionally; frequency of HCC patients with assumed potentiated HCV infection by chronic Schistosoma mansoni 6.7% (4/60) were statistically significant (p<0.05) less among total HCC patients included in this study, when compared to HCC patients preceded by either pure chronic schistosomiasis 26.7% (16/60) or pure HCV infection 33.3% (20/60). Our present study is one of few, addressing the possibility of direct relation between S. mansoni & hepatic carcinoma, concluding an initial indication of equal risk value of both human chronic S. mansoni infection and hepatitis C viral infections in precipitating hepatocellular carcinoma among Egyptian patients.
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PMID:AN INITIAL INDICATION OF PREDISPOSING RISK OF SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI INFECTION FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. 2648 42

Background: This study aimed to investigate the association of plasma levels of IL-33, a mucosal alarmin known to elicit type-2 immunity, with infection and liver fibrosis profiles of school children from an endemic area for Schistosoma mansoni, malaria and hepatitis (B & C) in rural Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolling schoolchildren from 5 public schools was conducted. Single schistosomiasis, malaria and hepatitis infections or co-infections were assessed by kato katz, microscopy, and rapid diagnostic tests, respectively. Hepatic fibrosis was assessed by ultrasound according to WHO Niamey guidelines and plasma levels of Interleukin 33 were determined by ELISA. All statistics were performed using R studio software. Principal findings: We found a prevalence of 13.5% (37/275), 18.2% (50/275), and 8% (22/275), respectively for schistosomiasis, malaria and hepatitis (B or C) single infections. Only 7.6% (21/275) of co-infections were reported. Although Plasma IL-33 showed a minimal negative risk for schistosomiasis infection (AOR 0.99; 95% CI 0.97-1.01), S. mansoni infected participants had lower levels of plasma IL-33 (p = 0.003) which decreased significantly as eggs burdens increased (p = 0.01) with a negative Pearson coefficient of r = -0.22. Hepatic fibrosis occurred in 47.3% (130/275) of our study population independently from plasma levels of IL-33 (AOR 1.00; 95% CI 0.99-1.01). Conclusion/Significance: Our data failed to show an association between plasma IL-33 levels and liver disease but convincingly report on a negative association between plasma IL-33 levels and schistosomiasis infection and egg burden in school children from a polyparasitic schistosomiasis endemic area.
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PMID:Negative Association of Interleukin-33 Plasma Levels and Schistosomiasis Infection in a Site of Polyparasitism in Rural Cameroon. 3184 91


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