Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A serum analysis for antibodies to the hepatitis C virus (HCV) was performed on a group of patients in a large suburban Detroit community hospital. The first 50 anti-HCV-positive patients with clinically suspected chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis were studied. Blood transfusions (58%) and intravenous drug use (22%) were the source of infection in most of these patients. A significant difference in age-related epidemiology was observed (p = 0.001). A remote history of intravenous drug use or tattoo application was elicited in 55% of individuals less than 40 yr old. "Sporadic" transmission occurred in 28% of individuals older than 50 yr. Sixteen percent (8/50) had no identifiable risk factors. Five of these eight patients (63%) were born and raised outside North America. Eighty percent of the 35 persons who underwent liver biopsy were found to have either chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis. Twenty-nine percent (5/17) of the patients with anti-HCV-related cirrhosis presented with hepatocellular carcinoma. None of the patients with noncirrhotic liver disease had a primary liver tumor. We conclude that a significant number of patients in suburban America with chronic hepatitis C have no identifiable risk factors for HCV. Sporadic transmission of hepatitis C may play an important role in patients with chronic HCV-related liver disease, especially among patients born and raised outside North America.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection in a suburban Detroit community. 165 86

No matter whether it is the B type or non-A, non-B type, chronic infection with the hepatitis virus often causes chronic hepatitis, which may ultimately lead to cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. From an epidemiological point of view, it was considered that tattooing might be an important mode of transmission of hepatitis virus through tattoo needles even at the time when hepatitis-B-virus related antigens and antibodies were not yet utilized as clinical markers in practice. Since HBV related antigens and antibodies in serum came into routine use as clinical markers, several articles on the outbreak of hepatitis B from tattooing have appeared in consideration of the correlation between the appearance and disappearance of the clinical markers and the clinical course of liver diseases. Nevertheless, a perusal of the literature to date failed to reveal any mention of clinical, pathological and prognostic aspects of liver disease with tattooing. These aspects are certainly ready for clarification. On the basis of clinicopathological observations of 26 patients with tattooing and liver diseases, it can be concluded that tattooing might be an important route of infection for hepatitis viruses including both the B type and non-A, non-B type, which can lead to chronic inflammatory liver diseases.
 ...
PMID:Clinicopathological aspects of liver diseases associated with early history of tattooing. 285 66

To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B infection in rural Sudan, 2 villages in the Gezira were surveyed. There were 851 subjects (age 1-89 years; mean age 24.6 years) of equal sex distribution, 408 from Khalawaat and 443 from Saleim. HBsAg was found in 18.7%, and seropositivity for any hepatitis marker (HBsAg, anti-HBs, or anti-HBc) was found in 63.9%. The prevalence of HBsAg was highest in subjects less than 5 years of age (32.3%). Seropositivity for any hepatitis marker increased from 48.4% in subjects less than 5 years to 88.5% in persons greater than or equal to 50 years of age. HBeAg was present in 70% of HBsAg-positive women of childbearing age. Residence in Khalawaat and parenteral therapy for malaria were found to be independent risk factors for HBsAg-positivity. Age, residence in Khalawaat, crowding, and having had a tattoo were predictive of seropositivity for any hepatitis marker. The reason for increased markers of hepatitis B in Khalawaat compared to Saleim was not apparent.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiology of hepatitis B in the Gezira region of Sudan. 291 28

We clarified the clinical and immunogenetical differences between patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AI-CAH), and patients with type C chronic active hepatitis (C-CAH) and type B chronic active hepatitis (B-CAH) who were positive for autoantibodies and hyperglobulinemia. While histories of blood transfusion, intravenous drug abuse and tattoo were seen frequently in patients with type C-CAH, they were rare in patients with AI-CAH. The severe subjective symptoms including anorexia, lethargy, icterus, high fever and extrahepatic manifestations, and severe abnormality of biochemical data were seen in AI-CAH predominantly. Ongoing or past infection of HCV was seen in only 14% of patients with AI-CAH. HLA-DR4 was the most frequently associated with AI-CAH (89%) and 6 DR4-negative patients were positive for DR2. HLA-DNA typing showed that there was no significant difference in the frequency of DR4-associated Dw-alleles between the patients and controls who were positive for DR4. These findings suggest that the basic amino acid at position 13, which is present only on the DR2 and DR4 B1 molecules (Arg on DR2 and His on DR4), may contribute to the susceptibility to autoimmune hepatitis of Japanese. Thus, we conclude that AI-CAH is a genetically restricted, disease, and different from C-CAH which is a viral infectious disease.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of the clinical and immunogenetic features between patients with autoimmune hepatitis and patients with type C chronic active hepatitis. 848 32

A 69-year-old Japanese man with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with triple hepatitis viruses [hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis D virus (HDV)] infection is reported. The patient had a past history of intravenous drug abuse and a tattoo on his back. A liver biopsy, performed in November 1989, showed HCC associated with cirrhosis. HBsAg and anti-HD antibody had been detected repeatedly starting in August 1984 and anti-HCV antibody was detected in 1990. By indirect immunoperoxidase staining the HD antigen was detected in the nuclei of hepatocytes of biopsy specimens and noncancerous liver cells obtained from autopsy specimens. Liver cirrhosis associated with triple hepatitis virus infection developed to hepatocellular carcinoma, and transcatheter arterial embolization treatment for HCC was effective. Despite having HCC and cirrhosis, the patient lived well beyond the expected time.
 ...
PMID:Long-term follow-up of a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma associated with triple hepatitis virus (HBV, HDV, HCV) infection. 988 4

Blood contamination has been proposed as TTV transmission. We studied the genoprevalence of TTV in Japanese men with history of intravenous drug abuse and/or tattoo. TTV was identified in serum by a polymerase chain reaction. TTV was detected in 89.7 percent of the men with history of intravenous drug abuse and/or tattoo, 74.4 percent of chronic hepatitis C patients, 78.0 percent of the chronic hepatitis B, and 65.8 percent of chronic hepatitis nonB nonC patients. Serum ALT levels of those infected with TTV alone were 27.2 +/- 17.5 IU/L. In the patients with chronic hepatitis C, serum ALT levels of those coinfected with TTV were similar to serum ALT levels of those without TTV infection. These results suggest that TTV causes no or mild hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:[Genoepidemiology and pathogenicity of TT virus in Japanese men with history of intravenous drug abuse and tattoo]. 1039 Oct 13

Tattooing and body piercing are increasing, especially among college students. A study of 766 tattooed and/or body-pierced college students in 18 universities across the United States and one in Australia was conducted to discover the demographic characteristics, motivational factors, and health concerns. The traditional college time of 18 to 22 years of age (69%) was when they obtained their tattoo (73%) and/or body piercing (63%). More frequent health problems and impulsive decision making were noted for those with body piercing when compared to those tattooed. Three cases of hepatitis were reported. Health professionals should openly discuss body art with students, convey a nonjudgmental attitude, and assist with informed decision-making information to either reduce risks or dissuade. Open communication and applicable health education will be very important.
 ...
PMID:Tattooing and body piercing. Body art practices among college students. 1085 4

Zafirlukast, a competitive cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, is a new class of asthma medications. It has shown an adverse event profile similar to that of placebo. Herein, we present a 69-year-old female patient who suffered from general malaise, poor appetite, nausea and jaundice after 3 months of zafirlukast therapy for asthma. She had no past history of liver disease, nor history of alcoholism, herb medication, blood transfusion, acupuncture, tattoo or recent traveling history. Liver biochemistries revealed elevated serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartase aminotransferase levels up to 481 U/L and 212 U/L, respectively. Moreover, peak serum total bilirubin level was elevated to 34.8 mg/dL during admission. Serum viral hepatitis marker, antinuclear antibody, anti-mitochondrial antibody and anti-smooth muscle antibody were all negative. Her general condition and liver biochemistries improved gradually after zafirlukast was discontinued. Roussel Uclaf causality assessment for adverse drug reaction confirmed the diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury. This case reminds us that zafirlukast is a potentially hepato-toxic drug. If clinical manifestations of hepatitis develop, patients should be managed cautiously and closely monitored for liver biochemistries. If drug-induced hepatitis is suspected, medication should be discontinued immediately to prevent further liver injury.
 ...
PMID:Zafirlukast-induced acute hepatitis. 1258 21

A cross-sectional study was undertaken on the correlates of infection for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis viruses B and C (HBV and HCV) in a sample of inmates from eight Italian prisons. A total of 973 inmates were enrolled [87.0% males, median age of 36 years, 30.4% intravenous drug users (IDUs), 0.6% men who have sex with men (MSWM)]. In this sample, high seroprevalence rates were found (HIV: 7.5%; HCV: 38.0%; anti-HBc: 52.7%; HBsAg: 6.7%). HIV and HCV seropositivity were associated strongly with intravenous drug use (OR: 5.9 for HIV; 10.5 for HCV); after excluding IDUs and male homosexuals, the HIV prevalence remained nonetheless relatively high (2.6%). HIV prevalence was higher for persons from Northern Italy and Sardinia. The age effect was U-shaped for HIV and HCV infections; HBV prevalence increased with age. Tattoos were associated with HCV positivity (OR: 2.9). The number of imprisonments was associated with HIV infection, whereas the duration of imprisonment was only associated with anti-HBc. The probability of being HIV-seropositive was higher for HCV-seropositive individuals, especially if IDUs. In conclusion, a high prevalence of HIV, HCV, and HBV infections among inmates was observed: these high rates are in part attributable to the high proportion of IDUs. Frequency of imprisonment and tattoos were associated, respectively, with HIV and HCV positivity. Although it is possible that the study population is not representative of Italy's prison inmate population, the results stress the need to improve infection control measures users was prisons.
 ...
PMID:Correlates of HIV, HBV, and HCV infections in a prison inmate population: results from a multicentre study in Italy. 1590 12

Tattoo rates in the United States have been rising in recent years, with an expected concomitant rise in tattoo-associated complications. Tattoo complications range from cutaneous localized and generalized inflammatory eruptions, to local bacterial or viral infections, and finally to infectious endocarditis and hepatitis. Many complications may be avoided with proper counseling prior to tattoo placement, especially in high risk individuals. It is important for physicians to be able to recognize and diagnose complications from tattoos to avoid morbidity and possible mortality.
 ...
PMID:Tattoo-associated complications. 2328


1 2 Next >>