Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan statistically analyzed 2396 cases of primary liver cancer diagnosed from January 1, 1978 to December 31, 1979 in over 500 hospitals throughout the country. They comprised 1047 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 93 of cholangiocarcinoma, 9 of mixed carcinoma, 16 of hepatoblastoma, and 33 others. In 1198 cases (50%) a histologic diagnosis was available. The survey and analysis, based mostly on the histologically proven cases, describe the gross anatomic and histologic features of the tumors, grade of anaplasia and growth patterns of the tumor cells, pathology in noncancerous portions of the liver, distant metastases, past medical history, frequency of hepatitis in the past history, frequency of positive HBsAg and anti-HBs, age distribution, subjective symptoms, radiographic features (angiogram, scintiscan, computed tomography), ultrasonography, surgical procedures, extent of hepatic resection, and survival.
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PMID:Primary liver cancer in Japan. The Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan. 608 97

Statistical analyses have been made by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan of 4031 cases of primary liver cancers diagnosed at 155 institutes during the period of Jan. 1, 1968-Dec. 31, 1977, based on the questionnaire in the form of individual file. They comprised 2411 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 268 of cholangiocellular carcinoma, 58 of the mixed type, 69 of hepatoblastoma, 23 of others, and 1202 cases with only clinical diagnosis. The survey and analyses mostly based on the histology-proven cases included gross anatomical and histological features of tumors, grades of anaplasia and growth patterns of tumor cells, pathology of noncancerous liver portion, frequency of accompanying cirrhosis or fibrosis, distant metastases, past history, frequency of hepatitis in the past history, frequency of positive HBsAg and anti-HBs, familial clustering of positive HBsAg tests, age distribution, subjective symptoms, objective signs, serum alpha-fetoprotein, celiac angiography findings, number of operations performed, kinds of surgical approaches made, extents of hepatic resection, prognosis in terms of survival in relation to various surgical treatments, chemotherapeutic agents used and routes of administration, prognosis as related to the accompanying parenchymal liver disease, and overall survival.
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PMID:Primary liver cancers in Japan. 615 97

Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) subfraction profile is a predictive indicator for the discrimination of hepatic malignancies, benign liver diseases and yolk sac tumor in adults. In the present study, AFP subfractions were examined in AFP-positive sera from 59 patients of less than 15 years of age. Fractionation of AFP was carried out by lectin affinity crossed-line immunoelectrophoresis. Concanavalin A, Lens culinaris hemagglutinin and phytohemagglutinin E were used as lectins. Fifty-four of 59 (91.5%) AFP subfraction profiles in patients with pediatric diseases were classified into three common types: (1) benign liver disorder, (2) hepatic malignancy and (3) yolk sac tumor. An atypical AFP subfraction profile resembling hepatic malignancy type was found in 5 of 59 (8.5%) infants. It was concluded that estimation of serum AFP subfraction profiles facilitates differential diagnosis of various AFP-positive pediatric diseases, such as hepatoblastoma, hepatoma, hepatic cirrhosis, hepatitis or germ cell tumors.
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PMID:Clinical significance of serum alpha-fetoprotein subfractionation in pediatric diseases. 752 30

The growth in liver transplantations recorded by the Pitt-UNOS Liver Transplant Registry since October 1987 continues, and in 1993 the rate of increase was greater than it had been in recent years. This is in spite of the fact that the net growth of new centers was smaller in 1993 than in any previous year examined. Pediatric recipients in 1993 were compared with those in previous years, and no significant differences were found for sex, race, or age. In contrast to prior years, the majority of pediatric recipients in 1993 awaited transplantation at home. The most common indication for liver transplantation in children was biliary atresia, although the proportion of recipients with this primary liver disease decreased slightly in 1993. Significant increases were noted in the proportions of pediatric recipients with fulminant liver failure, and hepatoblastoma. Significantly fewer children received ABO-incompatible livers in 1993 compared with prior years, part of which may be a function of the increasing use of living-related donors. Many of the characteristics examined for adult recipients had different distributions in 1993 than in prior years. The proportion of White recipients declined in 1993, due to increases among Black and Hispanic recipients. The mean and median ages of adult recipients continued to increase because of the increasing proportion of recipients aged 60 and over. The proportion of adult recipients awaiting transplantation outside of the hospital continued to increase in 1993. The increase in the proportion of recipients with positive CMV serology is likely due to the increasing age of the recipients in 1993. A smaller proportion of multiorgan transplantations was performed in 1993, due to the elimination of procedures involving only the liver and pancreas. Alcoholic cirrhosis was replaced by hepatitis non-A, non-B, or C as the most common reason for LTX. The proportions of recipients with fulminant liver failure and malignancies, indications for poorest survival, declined significantly in 1993. The cumulative probability of surviving for 6 years after initial transplantation was 0.70 (without retransplantation = 0.58) for pediatric recipients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Liver transplantation in the United States: results from the National Pitt-UNOS Liver Transplant Registry. United Network for Organ Sharing. 754 39

Epidemiological, clinical, biochemical and topographic features of primary hepatic cancer (PHC) were reviewed retrospective and prospectively in this study. This review consisted of 76 patients from 1971 to 1990. Forty nine males and 27 females. The mean age was 66.1 +/- 11.7 years. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HC) was the most frequent histological type (84.1%), followed by cholangiocarcinoma (87.7%). Mixed carcinoma and hepatoblastoma were 4.3 and 2.9% respectively. The prevalence af PHC among 1485 autopsies was 0.74%. The most frequent sites af metastasis were the lungs (66%) and portal vein (50%). Hepatocellular carcinoma was associated to cirrhosis in 80% of the cases. A syndrome including asthenia, weight loss, hepatomegaly and cholestasis was identified in most of the patients, and alkaline phosphatase was the most frequently disturbed laboratory test. 60% of tumors were bilateral and none of the solitary tumors had less than 5 cms in diameter. 20% of HC showed normal serum levels of AFP (< 20 ng/ml). 40% had at least one of the markers of B virus hepatitis in serum.
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PMID:[Primary liver cancer. Its epidemiological, clinical and biochemical characteristics]. 820 48

Subfractionation of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a useful method to discriminate between yolk sac tumors, hepatic malignancies, and benign liver diseases in adults but has not been validated in infants and children. AFP subfractionation was performed on AFP-positive sera from 73 infants and children. AFP subfraction profiles were classified into three common types: (1) yolk sac type, (2) hepatoblastoma type, and (3) benign hepatic type, according to the reactivity of individual AFP samples to lectins. In 68 of 73 samples (93.2%), AFP subfraction profiles were accurately classified into these three types, and an atypical AFP subfraction profile resembling the hepatoblastoma type was found in sera from five infants (6.8%). Differentiation between hepatoblastoma and hepatitis when patients are very young can be difficult. Subfractionation is more accurate when patients are older. This technique was found to be useful in the diagnosis of neonatal ovarian tumors, in recurrent hepatoblastoma/ yolk sac tumor with low serum AFP, and in the differential diagnosis of hepatic mass (malignancy versus hyperplastic nodule) in the liver with long-standing cholestasis. Estimation of serum AFP subfraction profiles facilitates the differential diagnosis of various AFP-positive pediatric diseases, such as hepatoblastoma, hepatoma, hepatitis or germ cell tumors. This test is inexpensive, can be carried out within 48 hours, and should be performed for the differential diagnosis of pediatric liver disease.
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PMID:The role of subfractionation of alpha-fetoprotein in the treatment of pediatric surgical patients. 909 31

We performed a total of 75 examinations with endoscopic retrograde chlangiopancreatography (ERCP) in 73 infants aged from 8 days to 300 days (mean 71 days) between 1977 and 1995. ERCP examination was performed with a prototype duodenoscope and was successful in 47 of 52 examinations in biliary atresia, 9 of 11 in neonatal hepatitis, all 4 in paucity of intra-hepatic bile duct, 4 of 5 in congenital biliary dilatation, 1 of 2 in duodenal stricture, and 1 case of in postoperative jaundice of hepatoblastoma. In 46 infants with biliary atresia, excluding one in whom the findings could not be evaluated due to poor x-ray image quality, we distinguished the following four patterns of ERCP findings: Pattern 1, only the pancreatic duct could be demonstrated and no bile duct was visualized (76%); Pattern 2, only a part of the distal common bile duct with the pancreatic duct was visualized (2%); Pattern 3, the entire length of the common bile duct with the pancreatic duct was visualized without the gallbladder and the common hepatic duct (4%); and Pattern 4, the common bile duct and the gallbladder with the pancreatic duct were visualized without the common hepatic duct (18%). In all of these 46 patients, laparotomy, an operative cholangiogram, and histological evaluation of the biliary duct were performed. In 9 neonates with neonatal hepatitis, the biliary tract was opacified and biliary atresia was excluded. Laparotomy was thus avoided in these neonates. There was no complication caused by either ERCP or by anesthesia.
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PMID:Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in biliary tract disease of infants less than one year old. 914 41

Neoplasms of the liver may arise from any cell type within the liver parenchyma. Hepatocellular carcinoma is by far the most common primary malignant tumour of the liver in adults. Indeed, it is one of the most common tumours in the world with striking geographic differences. These incidence rates can be explained by differences in Hepatitis-Virus carrier rates which they closely reflect. Nearly 10% of malignant liver tumors are represented by cholangiocarcinoma which originates from small intrahepatic bile ducts. Hepatoblastoma accounts for approximately 5% of malignancies in childhood. Most hepatoblastomas fall into epithelial or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal categories. Fetal-type cells and embryonal-type cells represent the epithelial components. Rare primary malignant non-epithelial tumours are angiosarcomas, leiomyosarcomas or fibrosarcomas, arising from vascular or mesenchymal components of the liver respectively. All types of Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas may secondarily involve the liver. Most primary hepatic lymphomas are of diffuse large B-cell type and are extremely rare.
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PMID:[Pathology of liver tumors]. 1096 Sep 66

Previous work from our laboratory has shown that digestion of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with V8 protease rendered the virus infectious for human hepatoblastoma cell line (HepG2). It was hypothesized that the cleavage exposes a 16 amino acid region that includes a consensus 'fusion' motif necessary to mediate infectivity. Since woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) and HBV possess significant homology in this region of their envelope proteins, including the V8 protease cleavage site, the possibility that WHV infectivity for HepG2 cells could be induced by V8 digestion was explored. WHV isolated from the serum of chronically infected woodchucks, digested with V8 protease, was shown to loose its preS domain. V8 digested WHV eluted from gel filtration columns with a size similar to that of undigested virus, suggesting that digestion with V8 protease did not cause significant changes in virion size. The amount of progeny virus secreted into the culture medium following infection of HepG2 cells with V8 digested WHV reached 2.5 pg/ml, after 8 days. Moreover, WHV DNA replicative intermediates could be detected in the cells following infection with protease digested, but not undigested, viruses. These data suggest that protease modification of WHV, a non-human virus, induced infectivity for human tissue culture cells. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that exposure of an amino acid region of the envelope polypeptide that contains a consensus fusion motif is important in Hepadnavirus entry.
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PMID:Limited proteolysis induces woodchuck hepatitis virus infectivity for human HepG2 cells. 1116 42

An arabinogalactan conjugate containing a 9 kDa fragment of arabinogalactan and adenine-9-beta-D-arabinofuranoside 5'-monophosphate (araAMP), denoted AG(9 kDa)-araAMP, has been synthesized and characterized. In 2.2.15 (human hepatoblastoma) cells, the attachment of araAMP to AG(9 kDa), a ligand of the asialoglycoprotein receptor, decreased the effective concentration for inhibiting extracellular hepatitis B virus (HBV) production by 90% (EC90) from 17 to 0.9 microM adenine arabinoside (araA) equivalents, and increased the cytotoxic concentration (CC50) from 188 to > 17 300 microM araA equivalents. Hence, the selectivity index (CC50/EC90) of araA was improved from 11 (188/17) to > 19200 (17 300/0.9) by conjugation with the 9 kDa fragment of arabinogalactan. AG(9 kDa)-araAMP did not affect the production of viral RNA or viral proteins. In the woodchuck hepatitis model, AG(9 kDa)-araAMP inhibited woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) DNA replication at a dose of 0.3 mg of araA equivalents per kg; in this case, AG(9 kDa)-araAMP was 20-30 times more potent than was unconjugated araA. AG(9 kDa)-araAMP was effective by intramuscular or subcutaneous administration. The reduction in HBV DNA levels obtained in 2.2.15 cells and of WHV DNA levels in woodchucks was sustained after treatment with AG(9 kDa)-araAMP ceased. In both cases, viral DNA gradually returned to pre-treatment levels.
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PMID:Antiviral activity of a conjugate of adenine-9-beta-D-arabinofuranoside 5'-monophosphate and a 9 kDa fragment of arabinogalactan. 1132 48


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