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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Workmen's Compensation claims from 193 licensed Florida hospitals were reviewed for 1970 to 1972, to seek possible nosocomial infection, and 55 claims for infection were found. This is a rate of 0.51/1,000 estimated employees in the three-year period. Hepatitis accounted for 44 claims and represented an aggregate expenditure of $83,142. Twenty-eight hepatitis claims arose from six hospitals that have chronic dialysis centers. The rate per 1,000 estimated employees was 1.67 in hospitals with dialysis facilities and 0.17 in hospitals without. A disproportionately large number of hepatitis claims from Dade County was attributed to the location there of eight of 11 Florida hospitals with chronic dialysis centers. Workmen's Compensation claims can be used to develop information about hospital-acquired infection and detect high-risk hospitals.
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PMID:Statewide hospital infection surveillance. Use of workmen's compensation claims to detect nosocomial infection. 12 68

Over a 15 year period 18 patients (eight men, 10 women), 16-50 years old, were diagnosed as having adult onset Still's disease. Fever and arthralgia were always present but prominent lymphadenopathy was uncommon and the serosa were rarely affected. The typical rash of this disease was observed in nine patients. Several complications, including deforming arthritis, amyloidosis, granulomatous hepatitis, uveitis, scleritis, cutaneous vasculitis, and cardiomyopathy, were observed during follow up. Two patients were affected by a nosocomial infection during immunosuppressive treatment for uncontrolled disease. There were no characteristic features at necropsy. Ten patients had a monocyclic course that responded well to aspirin and indomethacin, whereas eight had a polycyclic pattern which invariably required treatment with corticosteroids. Serious complications developed exclusively in the latter group. This group of patients requires early, intensive disease modifying treatment.
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PMID:Adult onset Still's disease: clinical experience with 18 patients over 15 years in northern India. 158 55

As a nosocomial infection the virus hepatitis is now as ever of importance in dialysis centres. In a 5-year study (1980-1985) in the dialysis centre of the County Hospital St. Georg Leipzig we found an annual incidence of 14 to 20% in patients and in 25 out of 26 members of the staff signs of an overcome infection could be proved. In these cases above all younger persons with an average age of 31 years were affected about 1.5 years after the beginning of work. For patients the entry into the transplant recipient register retarded by on an average 9.4 months, for patients already registered a transient reincorporation of 12.4 months was the result. Despite the active inoculation against the virus hepatitis B on account of the further existing endangering by the NANB hepatitis and possible inoculation eruptions in the immune-disturbed dialysis patients the observation of a strong hygiene regimen is necessary.
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PMID:[Significance of viral hepatitis in a dialysis center for patients and health personnel--a 5-year review]. 312 62

Echoviruses cause neonatal disease following intrauterine and intrapartum acquisition of the organism or by nosocomial infection. Dizygous twins apparently became infected following transplacental transmission of echovirus 11. At 5 days of age, both twins experienced poor feeding, lethargy and hypothermia, and evidence of coagulopathy and hepatitis. During the sixth week of illness, the convalescence of twin A was complicated by peritonitis and sepsis, and the infant died. Pathologic findings included scattered foci of dystrophic myocardial calcification, distortion of hepatic architecture with fibrous connective tissue surrounding regenerative nodules and large foci of dystrophic calcification, and adrenal hemorrhagic necrosis and calcification. Twin B recovered without sequelae. The disease in twin A was unusual because of the extensive myocardial involvement. Also of interest was the variability of disease in twins who presumably had received a similar inoculum of organism by the same route.
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PMID:Dissimilar manifestations of intrauterine infection with echovirus 11 in premature twins. 634 39

Hepatitis non-A-non-B is a nosologically homogeneous group of diseases probably caused by different infectious agents. Laboratory tests specific for these agents are not yet available. Epidemiologically one has to distinguish occurence of the disease after transfusion and sporadically occuring disease. In addition, epidemics have been reported, which seem to be similar to hepatitis A virus infection in regard to epidemiological and clinical pattern. Hepatitis non-A-non-B makes up for about 25% of all cases with hepatitis caused by virus, sporadically occuring cases predominate. In our own group of patients only 10% occured after transfusion. Hepatitis non-A-non-B occurs in adults, about equally in males and females; there are no saisonal influences to be observed. Blood transfusion, substitution of coalgulation factors, parenteral drug abuse and hemodialysis represent definite high risk situations. Nosocomial infections in professional people (doctors, nurses) and infections of sexual partners occure more rarely as is the case in hepatitis B. Perinatal transmission of the infectious agents of hepatitis non-A-non-B still has to be clarified.
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PMID:[Epidemiology of non-A, non-B hepatitis]. 643 1

Viral hepatitis has long been recognized as a hazard in the health care environment. Nosocomial hepatitis B initially emerged in the setting of transfusion-associated infection and later in patients in dialysis units and on oncology wards. Health care workers are also at risk of acquiring nosocomial hepatitis B and more likely to acquire the infection from their patients than vice versa. Rare instances of nosocomially-transmitted hepatitis A have been documented, but hepatitis A virus excretion patterns in relation to onset of disease generally preclude significant transmission in the hospital setting. With virtual elimination of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis B, non A/non B hepatitis is the most significant cause of post-transfusion hepatitis and may occur in as high as 15 percent of the patients given multiple transfusions. Control of nosocomial viral hepatitis is based on the creation of environmental barriers specific for each viral agent. For hepatitis B, serologic surveillance of staff and patients in high risk areas, together with use of immunoglobulins for post-exposure prophylaxis and hepatitis B vaccine in susceptible persons, promises to significantly reduce nosocomial infection. Isolation procedures for patients admitted with hepatitis A or B are based on use of blood precautions for hepatitis B, modified enteric precautions for hepatitis A and a combination of both for non A/non B or etiologically unspecified hepatitis.
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PMID:Nosocomial viral hepatitis. 746 25

A total of 762 cases of viral hepatitis admitted to the two teaching hospitals of the Third Military Medical College were used for study. They were divided into two groups depending upon whether corticoid treatment was given. As the result of cRR = 6.06, chi 2 = 174.16, P < 0.01, it is obvious that the corticoid therapy is a risk factor for the secondary infection in patients suffered from viral hepatitis. For getting rid of the interference of confounding factor and interaction a stratified analysis was performed. These patients were again divided into severe type and moderate type according to the severity of the disease. The results of stratified analysis were aRR (F) = 3.05 and aRR (F) = 1.48, cRR > aRR. These findings demonstrated that the degree of severity of patients played a primary role in the secondary infection of hepatitis and showed that the confounding factor was present. On the other hand, the result of aRR (F) not equal to aRR (F) indicated that the interaction also existed simultaneously. This study suggests that special attention should be paid to maintain and increase the level of immunological defence function in patients with hepatitis. And, it is necessary to restrict the indiscriminate usage of corticoids, particularly in severe patients, for preventing nosocomial infection.
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PMID:[The confounding factor and interaction in studies of pathogenesis--an analysis of the secondary infection of viral hepatitis with corticoid therapy]. 813 9

The aim of the study was to explore relationship between viral hepatitis and medical procedures with continuity of tissues. The analysis of the results showed that 50% patients were infected in hospitals; in the group with hepatitis B--62.5% and in the group with non-B hepatitis 50%. Nosocomial infections with virus hepatitis B after transfusion occurred in 2.5% of cases, but the frequency of PTH with Non A, Non B hepatitis (probably with HCV) is 8.5%. These data support the postulate that measures to prevent the hepatitis due to the parenteral spread of infections agents (HBV, HCV) should be strengthened. The priority problem in hospitals and the basic prophylactic method is correct sterilization.
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PMID:[Viral hepatitis as an iatrogenic infection]. 817 Dec 1

RNA of a putative non-A to E hepatitis virus, designated GB virus C (GBV-C), was detected in 40 (6.2%) of 645 hemodialysis patients, at a frequency significantly higher than in 3 (0.9%) of 336 blood donors in Japan (p < 0.001). A history of transfusion was more frequent (88 vs. 58%, p < 0.001), the duration of dialysis was longer (13.2 +/- 7.9 vs. 7.9 +/- 6.5 years, p < 0.001), and the detection of hepatitis C virus RNA was more often (38 vs. 18%, p < 0.01) in the 40 patients with GBV-C RNA than in the 605 patients without it. The prevalence of GBV-C RNA varied widely from 0 to 10% among the 8 dialysis centers. These results indicate that hemodialysis patients would be at increased risk of GBV-C transmitted by transfusions. The detection of GBV-C RNA in the 5 patients without a history of transfusion and a high prevalence restricted to certain dialysis centers would reflect nosocomial infection.
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PMID:GB virus C and hepatitis C virus infections in hemodialysis patients in eight Japanese centers. 920 Apr 8

Radiologists frequently perform invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures involving needles and/or vascular access, and often they do so in darkened rooms. Therefore, they are at risk of exposure to blood-borne pathogens. The risk of HIV infection with a single sharp injury is low (0.3%), and on average 99.7% of exposures will not result in infection. However, this seroconversion rate is increased when a high volume of blood or a high concentration of virus is inoculated, and it is decreased by 79% when postexposure prophylaxis is used. An estimated 800,000 needle-stick injuries and other injuries from sharp objects to health care workers occur annually in the United States (25). Approximately 16,000 of these involve HIV-contaminated blood, and even more are contaminated with HBV or HCV (46). Needle-stick injury therefore poses the single greatest risk to health care workers regarding occupational transmission of HIV. Because most patients in the radiology department have an unknown HIV or hepatitis serostatus, all patients should be regarded as potentially infectious, and precautions should be universal. In fact, the 1991 OSHA ruling made compliance with the CDC Universal Precautions Guidelines the enforceable national standard. Real-time oral communication among all members of the radiology team and scrupulous attention to safe technique are absolutely essential. Radiologists are not in agreement regarding the use of precautions against injury with a sharp object and splashing (47-50). Many have adapted some of their habits to conform well to the CDC and OSHA guidelines regarding universal precautions, but some remain skeptical regarding the risk of exposure to themselves. Consequently, in some areas resistance to the above recommendations persists. However, the data to date provide a compelling argument for protection against occupational exposure to blood either by percutaneous sharp injury or splashing on mucous membranes or interrupted skin. A number of resources were made available in early 1997 for easy access to the most current data regarding occupational transmission of HIV or hepatitis. For instance, the CDC has a World Wide Web site (http://www.cdc.gov) and a facsimile information service through the Hospital Infections Program directory (telephone 404-332-4565). Also, the National AIDS Clearinghouse can be reached by telephone (800-458-5231), as can the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (800-448-0440). The postexposure prophylaxis protocol used at the University of California, San Francisco, can be reviewed by visiting its World Wide Web site at http://epi-center.ucsf.edu. And up-to-date information is available to both Veterans Administration and other health care staff worldwide by J. Michael Howe, MSLS, of the AIDS Information Center, a service of the VA HIV/AIDS National Training Program, located at the Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, University of California, San Francisco (hivinfo@itsa.ucsf.edu).
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus infection and hepatitis: biosafety in radiology. 939 12


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