Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Liver biopsy in the diagnosis of the results of a retrospective analysis of percutaneous liver biopsy in the differential diagnosis of prolonged cholestasis in infancy are reported. We compare the clinical features, serum bilirubin levels, hepatobiliary scintigraphy and histology in two groups of patients. One group of 56 patients had extrahepatic biliary obstruction (biliary atresia: 42; choledochal cyst: 9; extrinsic obstruction: 4; Caroli's disease: 1). Another group of 54 children had intrahepatic cholestasis with patent biliary tract (hepatitis: 38; non-specific cholestasis: 14; cirrhosis: 2). The percutaneous liver biopsy was better than the other procedures to differentiate biliary atresia from hepatitis. We conclude that percutaneous liver biopsy should be carried out in children with prolonged cholestasis when other non-invasive procedures have not ruled out extrahepatic biliary obstruction and before any surgical exploration of the biliary tract is performed.
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PMID:[Role of liver biopsy in the diagnosis of prolonged cholestasis in infants]. 143 8

The regenerative process was evaluated in terms of liver size, function, and histology in 28 adults who had major hepatic resection: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 21, secondary liver cancer from colorectum in four, carcinoma of the gallbladder in one, Klatskin tumor in one, and Caroli's disease in one. There were 22 men and six women. Ages ranged from 17 to 74 years with a mean age of 56.7. All patients with HCC had underlying liver disease: liver cirrhosis in 14 and chronic hepatitis in seven. Extended right lobectomy was done on 10 patients, right lobectomy on 16 patients, and left lobectomy on two patients. The residual liver size was serially estimated with computed tomography (CT) in 15 patients: six with normal liver, five with chronic hepatitis, and four with cirrhosis. A complete restoration of the residual liver size was found within 3 months in 3 and 6 months, respectively, in two patients with normal livers. The liver was enlarged in all patients with the parenchymal diseases but obviously more slowly compared with normal liver. Liver functions were restored normally within 2-3 weeks in patients with normal livers, but hyperbilirubinemia persisted longer in those with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. A continuous rise of bilirubin was an ominous sign of liver failure and subsequent death, which occurred in five patients with cirrhosis. Serum alpha-fetoprotein did not rise in accordance with the regeneration. Histologically, evidence of active regeneration with increased mitotic activity was found at 10 and 35 days in those patients with normal livers. Mitosis was not seen in a specimen taken at 7 days. Enlarged cuboidal hepatocytes and cells with basophilic cytoplasm or two nuclei were observed more or less in all specimens. The livers with cirrhosis or hepatitis also showed histologic evidence of regeneration during the first 2 months but substantially less compared with normal liver, which was well supported by the volumetric study of the liver remnants with CT.
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PMID:Human liver regeneration after major hepatic resection. A study of normal liver and livers with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. 303 39

The liver in an infant or child is as liable to the same pathologies afflicting the adult liver but with certain differences in prevalence and causes. Genetic disorders are more likely to present in the paediatric age group where many involve metabolic processes such as galactosemia, phenylketonuria, glycogen storage disease and others. Many of these present in the newborn period. However, neoplasms and hamartomas also present in the newborn period, such as congenital neuroblastoma with an enormously enlarged liver, hepatoblastoma and haemangioma. The latter may present with intractable cardiac failure as a result of considerable shunting of blood. Acquired liver lesions often present in the newborn period or early infancy and this includes hepatitis and biliary atresia. The difficulties in the differentiation of the two lesions will be discussed together with the management of biliary atresia. As the child grows older, Reyes encephalopathy with microvesicular fat in the liver is not uncommon. The pathophysiology of Reyes encephalopathy as seen locally will be described. The choledochal cyst with direct (Caroli's disease) or indirect effect on the liver will be described. Problems of childhood portal hypertension as well as congenital hepatic fibrosis will be described. Hemosiderosis of the liver is chiefly seen in homozygous beta-thalassaemia patients who have been kept alive with repeated blood transfusions. Amoebic and pyogenic hepatitis, fatty liver due to protein malnutrition, biliary ascariasis, etc, which are common in tropical and subtropical countries are rarely seen now in Singapore children.
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PMID:Paediatric liver disorders in Singapore. 346 38

The prerequisite for the sonographic diagnosis of biliary tract pathology is the recognition of the normal biliary tract even in neonates, as demonstrated in a prospective study on 78 neonates. Contraction of the gallbladder as a sign of biliary excretion into the duodenum could be regularly observed. The sonographic patterns typical of common bile duct obstruction, choledochal cyst, biliary atresia, neonatal hepatitis, paucity of the interlobular ducts, Caroli's disease, cholecystectasia, cholecystitis and cholecystolithiasis are described. Based on the findings in 26 infants with proven cholestatic syndrome, the diagnostic significance of the established sonographic criteria is discussed.
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PMID:[Sonographic diagnosis of the bile ducts in childhood]. 664 91

Pregnancy is often successful after liver transplantation, despite the potentially toxic effects of immunosuppressive drug therapy. Liver transplant recipients with recurrent hepatitis C or hepatitis B nonetheless appear to be at risk of a worse graft function in the event of pregnancy, and antiviral drugs are generally contraindicated in pregnancy because of their teratogenic effects. A 33-year-old woman had undergone liver transplantation for Caroli's disease 6 years previously. Two years later the patient experienced de novo HBV hepatitis. Lamivudine treatment (100 mg/day) was started and clearance of HBsAg was documented 1 year later. Four years after starting antiviral treatment the patient became pregnant, despite of the risk of teratogenic effects; lamivudine, cyclosporine and azathioprine were not discontinued for risk of break-through hepatitis and acute or chronic rejection. The course of gestation was uneventful and caesarean section was performed after 36 weeks. The newborn infant was a healthy male weighing 3,080 g and measuring 50 cm.
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PMID:Successful pregnancy in a liver transplant recipient treated with lamivudine for de novo hepatitis B in the graft. 1571 18