Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sera were investigated of patients possibly suffering from an EBV infection, without showing clinical features characteristic of infectious mononucleosis. The method of investigation was the detection of antibodies of the IgM-type by means of the immunofluorescent method using a three-layer technique. Diagnosis of EBV infection was established in 10 out of 90 patients with facial palsy, one with myelitis, one with sudden deafness and one with polyneuritis. In addition, 4 out of 19 cases of hepatitis (Hbs-negative) proved to be due to infection with EBV. The specific IgM test proved to be superior to the heterophil agglutination test.
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PMID:[IgM diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections by means of the immunofluorescent method]. 18 14

Non-A, non-B hepatitis, previously transmitted to chimpanzees by inoculation of human serum, was serially transmitted through a second and third passage to additional chimpanzees using serum drawn during acute non-A, non-B hepatitis. Sera obtained at weeks 4 and 5 after inoculation from two different chimpanzees, and from one chimpanzee at week 13 after inoculation, were shown to cause elevation of serum aminotransferase levels and abnormal liver biopsies in recipient chimpanzees, with no serologic evidence of hepatitis A or B, cytomegalovirus, or Epstein-Barr virus infection. Serum obtained 3 wk after inoculation did not cause elevation of aminotransferase levels in the recipient chimpanzee, although a single abnormal biopsy was obtained. Thus, the non-A, non-B hepatitis agent was present in serum during acute disease near the time of the first aminotransferase elevation (week 4; perhaps also week 3), and persisted at least until 1 week after the peak aminotransferase level (week 13).
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PMID:Acute non-A, non-B hepatitis. Prolonged presence of the infectious agent in blood. 42 94

Virological, immunological and clinical findings in 7 previously healthy children, aged 18 months to 11 years, with viral hepatitis are reported. Asymptomatic and fully recovering, although protracted, hepatitis B was diagnosed by chance in a 1 1/2 year-old boy. Anicteric and short-term hepatitis occurred in three children with Epstein-Barr virus infection, concomitantly with typical mononucleosis syndrome. On the contrary, cytomegalovirus (CMV)-associated hepatitis was severe and protracted in two children, and fatal in a 4-year-old girl, whose main autoptic finding was submassive hepatic necrosis. Therefore, our study showed that acute viral hepatitis in non-immunocompromised children is generally self-limited and that CMV hepatitis is more frequent and severe than commonly believed.
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PMID:Acute hepatitis in childhood: virological, immunological and clinical aspects. 133 50

The viral infections with greatest impact on the renal transplant recipient are those due to cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and the two hepatitis viruses, hepatitis B and C. All of these are modulated by the administered immunosuppressive therapy, and all have both direct and indirect effects on the transplant patient. The direct effects are the infectious disease clinical syndromes that are produced (fever and malaise, pneumonia, hepatitis, and so forth). The indirect effects are several--all of these viruses contribute to the patient's net state of immunosuppression, predisposing him or her to the development of opportunistic superinfection with a variety of pathogens. In addition, both Epstein-Barr virus and hepatitis B virus have been clearly linked to the development of certain malignancies (lymphoproliferative disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively). Finally, cytomegalovirus has been linked to allograft injury. Although antiviral strategies effective for cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infection are being developed, similar programs are not yet available for the hepatitis viruses.
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PMID:Viral infection in the renal transplant recipient. 134 23

Syncytial giant-cell hepatitis was recently reported to be related to a paramyxovirus and carried a poor prognosis. Twelve patients with syncytial giant-cell hepatitis seen in an 8 1/2-year period in our institute were reviewed. Seven patients had an identifiable aetiological cause: two had autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, one had primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, two presented with prolonged jaundice after acute hepatitis A and B, one had chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection and the remaining patient was seropositive for antibody to hepatitis C virus. One patient with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis who had frequent syncytial giant cells in the liver responded promptly to corticosteroid treatment and a repeated biopsy 3 years later showed histological improvement with a marked decrease in the number of syncytial giant cells. Of the remaining five patients, three ran a clinical course of fulminant hepatic failure and two had severe chronic active hepatitis. These data indicate that syncytial giant-cell hepatitis is unlikely to be related to only one single aetiological agent and that syncytial giant-cell hepatitis does not always carry an ominous prognosis.
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PMID:Syncytial giant-cell hepatitis--a specific disease entity? 150 41

Epstein-Barr virus infection (EBV) was discovered 25 years ago in tumour cells from Burkitt's lymphoma. Extensive virological studies have relieved that EBV causes infectious mononucleosis and contributes to the pathogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal cancer. Atypical courses of the primary infection may induce meningoencephalitis or hepatitis and are attracting increasing attention. Antiviral treatment with acyclovir has been administered for 7 days, intravenously or orally, in the early stages of infectious mononucleosis, in 2 placebo controlled trials. An inhibition of oropharyngeal EBV replication was verified but minimal effects on clinical symptoms was observed. A combination of intravenous acyclovir and prednisolone treatment for 10 days was therefore tried in 15 patients with fulminant mononucleosis in a pilot study. A transient cessation of virus shedding was noticed in all patients, and a substantial clinical effect on pharyngeal symptoms and on fever was seen in 12/15 patients within 3 days. Treatment with chemotherapy or irradiation is recommended in EBV-associated B-cell lymphomas seen in immunosuppressed, transplanted, or human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients. No effect of acyclovir has been reported, but such therapy may be considered in the early stage when EBV induces a polyclonal B cell activation. Acyclovir treatment is effective in the EBV-genome positive hairy leukoplakia noticed in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients. However, no effect of any antiviral therapy has been reported in the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome affecting in particular 2-7 year old boys. Prophylactic use of immunoglobulin or acyclovir has been suggested in susceptible children. These results indicate that the variety of clinical manifestations induced by EBV at least partly depend on the immune response elicited in the host and not of virus replication per se. Therefore, treatment of these various disorders cannot be generalized but must be based on the use of antiviral drugs combined with immunomodulatory agents.
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PMID:Clinical aspects on Epstein-Barr virus infection. 166 50

The incidence and morbidity of viral and Toxoplasma gondii infections were studied in 40 children who underwent liver transplantation between December 1983 and February 1988. The incidence of primary and reactivated cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was 19% and 47%, respectively; primary infection caused clinical disease in all five cases affected and was fatal in one. Primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection occurred in 10 (26%) recipients but caused only mild disease. No reactivated EBV infection was recorded and no lymphoproliferative disorders associated with EBV were found after a maximum of four years' follow up. Adenovirus infection occurred in seven (18%) patients; this was associated in one case with fatal pneumonia and fulminant hepatitis, but otherwise with only mild respiratory disease. Primary T gondii infection was detected in one patient who remained asymptomatic. Other viruses causing infection included herpes simplex, varicella zoster, and respiratory syncytial virus. Surveillance for these infections and the long term sequelae should be included in the follow up of all children who undergo transplantation.
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PMID:Viral and toxoplasma gondii infections in children after liver transplantation. 215 47

Reactivated Epstein-Barr virus infection associated with hepatitis appeared in a liver transplant patient receiving monoclonal OKT-3 antibody for rejection. The histologic findings in liver biopsy specimens characteristic of allograft rejection were observed prior to and during the initial phase of antirejection therapy. However, failure of a complete response to antirejection therapy promoted rebiopsy. The specimen showed portal infiltrates composed predominantly of plasma cells and immunoblasts. The presumptive diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus hepatitis was confirmed by staining frozen liver tissue for Epstein-Barr virus nuclear-associated antigen. OKT-3 therapy was discontinued, and cyclosporine and steroid doses were reduced. Gradually, clinical features, serum aminotransferase and bilirubin levels, and the portal lymphoid infiltrate resolved. Epstein-Barr virus serology showed an increase in convalescent titers IgG-antiviral capsid antigen, and Epstein-Barr virus nuclear-associated antigen. The histologic, clinical, and laboratory features supporting the diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus hepatitis in a liver transplant patient are presented and discussed. This diagnosis guided appropriate therapy.
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PMID:Immunohistologic identification of Epstein-Barr virus-induced hepatitis reactivation after OKT-3 therapy following orthotopic liver transplant. 216 51

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is often associated with lethal lymphoproliferative diseases in immunologically compromised individuals. Recently, we have studied a 20-month-old boy with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) who had succumbed to infectious mononucleosis (IM) complicated by fulminant hepatitis and virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome following EBV infection. EBV genomes were detected in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow. According to restriction endonuclease analyses, the EBV-DNA pattern was similar in all samples except for the EBV-DNA from the bone marrow. Additionally, circular EBV-DNA (suggesting a latent infection) predominated in spontaneously established lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from both the lymph node and cord lymphocytes co-cultured with PBL. In contrast, both circular and linear EBV-DNA (suggesting a lytic infection) were noted in spontaneously established LCLs derived from his PBL. Furthermore, LCLs derived from both the lymph node and cord lymphocytes co-cultured with PBL expressed fewer reactive cells for early antigen (EA) and viral capsid antigen (VCA) than spontaneous LCLs from his PBL, thus providing evidence for different B cellular susceptibility to EBV infection in this patient with XLP. Finally, defective EBV-specific cytotoxic T cell activity was observed in this patient. Latent EBV infected cells may easily escape immunosurveillance by the host. These findings may explain the fatal course of EBV infection in this patient.
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PMID:Differential cellular susceptibility to Epstein-Barr virus infection in a patient with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease. 217 37

Detection of HBV-DNA showed a satisfactory sensitivity (6 pg/ml) and high specificity: 15 patients with hepatitis A, 6 with CMV, 7 with EBV infection, 81 with hepatitis NANB as well as 174 persons with isolated HBc antibodies and 9 hepatitis B vaccinees gave negative results. However, out of 118 persons with a history of hepatitis B (HBs and HBc antibodies positive), one repeatedly had a positive result. We followed 58 patients with chronic hepatitis B, 25 healthy antigen carries, and 16 HBV-infected dialysis patients over an extended period with multiple blood sampling. Most of those patients showed changes of detectability of HBV-DNA. Typically, periods with positive DNA tests were followed by intervals with negative tests which could last for up to a few years. 75% of dialysis patients were positive in all sera available, while 48% of healthy antigen carriers were consistently negative. Additionally, 9 patients with a history of recent hepatitis B and a positive HBs antibody test as well as 4 patients with simultaneous infection by A and B were tested for HBV-DNA. In none of these two groups, a variation from the pattern usually found in hepatitis B was established. A case of intrauterine infection with hepatitis B virus is reported. Because the blood of the mother was free from HBV-DNA and HBe antigen at delivery and because the hepatitis B immunoglobulin prophylaxis failed in the child who developed HBs antigen very soon after delivery, it has been concluded that the child was infected in utero. The highest values of HBV-DNA determined quantitatively were found in dialysis patients which explains the high risk of acquiring hepatitis B in the dialysis unit. The results from earlier studies on the prognostic relevance of HBV-DNA and the risk of medical personnel as a source of infection with hepatitis B are discussed briefly.
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PMID:Relevance of hepatitis B DNA detection in patient's serum. 236 Sep 68


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