Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Anomalous junction of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system (AJPBDS) was found not only in 6 of 28 children with congenital dilatation of the bile duct, but in 3 of 57 children with congenital biliary atresia, in 2 of 17 children with infantile hepatitis and in one child with chronic pancreatitis during the past 17 yr at the Kagoshima University Hospital. A new technique of selective choledochopancreatography has been developed in which the mid-choledochus is clamped and dye is selectively injected into the distal choledochus to demonstrate the pathology of the bile duct. This technique has been successful even in small children when other cholangiographic techniques have failed to show AJPBDS. AJPBDS can be divided into two main types: (1) with biliary tract dilatation and (2) without biliary tract dilatation. The preferred treatment for type 1 is considered to be Roux-en-Y limb hepaticojejunostomy with primary excision of the choledochal cyst in order to prevent reflux of pancreatic juice flow into the choledochus, postoperative gall stone formation, or cancer from arising in the remaining choledochal cyst. Hepatic portocholecystostomy for biliary atresia with patency between gall bladder and papilla duodeni associated with AJPBDS can not be recommended since it may cause dilatation or obstruction of the bile duct postoperatively. Further studies concerning the etiology or therapy for AJPBDS are necessary.
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PMID:Congenital biliary tract dilatation and anomalous junction of the pancreatico-biliary ductal system. 42 74

On routine hospital admission, 23,714 patients received a 28-test serum metabolic profile. The 33 most common diseases (4,132 patients) of liver, pancreas, and gallbladder (LPG) had unique chemical templates averaging 15 significant serum deviations. Each LPG disease differed from all others by elevations of both leucine-aminopeptidase (LAP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels. LAP level was low or normal and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and AP levels were elevated in 43 non-LPG diseases. Patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis had elevated amylase levels. The four nonmalignant diseases of the gallbladder were associated with normal levels of amylase and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH); except for silent cholelithiasis, each showed elevated total bilirubin (BIL) levels. Patients with solitary or scattered lesions of the liver had normal bilirubin levels (2,115 patients), and those with diffuse interstitial or parencymal disease had elevated BIL levels. Cancer patients had elevated LDH and alpha1 globulin (A1G) levels, but low albumin levels. The importance of comprehensive liver profiles in the treatment of psychoses is emphasized by significant liver damage in a number of these patients. A1G was normal and LDH was elevated in patients having mononucleosis, hepatitis, lupus erythematosus, alcoholism, and alcoholic cirrhosis.
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PMID:Serum chemistry templates of disease in liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. 116 26

Opsonic glycoprotein, alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein concentration was studied in the serum of 753 patients with various hematological, malignant, immunological, metabolic, endocrine and liver diseases and 68 healthy controls. Decreased serum alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein levels were detected in patients with acute leukemias, chronic granulocyte and myelomonocyte leukemias, lymphomas, myelofibrosis, multiple myeloma, metastatizing solid tumors, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, acute alcoholic hepatitis, fatty liver, chronic active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, acute and chronic pancreatitis, and Crohn's disease. Elevated levels were measured in patients with B and NANB/C hepatitis. Further decreased levels were observed in some groups with secondary infections. Serum alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein levels are affected by many factors, influencing the synthesis and elimination of the protein. The detection of serum alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein concentration has no specific diagnostic value as a marker for tumors or other diseases, however, its determination can be useful for the assessment of a non-specific regulator of the host defence.
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PMID:[Diagnostic value of the determination of serum alpha2-HS-glycoprotein]. 140 55

The frequency of acute and chronic pancreatitis is 3.3 and 2.1%, respectively, in 107,754 adult autopsies in Japan. Acute pancreatitis is highly associated with liver diseases of various etiologies such as subacute hepatitis (16.1%), fulminant hepatitis (13.5%), biliary cirrhosis (10.5%), cholangiocarcinoma (8.6%) and postnecrotic cirrhosis (7.1%). Chronic pancreatitis is also closely related to various liver diseases. It is suggested that the portal venous stasis in liver diseases may predispose the patients to develop pancreatitis regardless of the etiology of liver diseases.
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PMID:Prevalence of pancreatitis in liver diseases of various etiologies: an analysis of 107,754 adult autopsies in Japan. 149 77

The so-called "Postcholecystectomy Syndrome" may be due to various pathological biliary causes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of the cystic duct stump syndrome and if so, how often a long (greater than 1.5 cm) cystic duct stump was an indication for reoperation on the bile ducts after cholecystectomy in our patients. Three hundred and twenty two patients underwent a second operation on the bile ducts after cholecystectomy in the last ten years. In 35 patients (10.8%) a striking findings was a long cystic duct stump (greater than 1.5 cm). In 24 of these patients, a pathological finding, in addition to the long cystic duct stump, was found on exploration. Out of these 24 patients there were 14 with common bile duct stones; 6 with stenosis of the sphincter of Oddi; 3 with chronic pancreatitis and in one patient hepatitis was the cause of the symptoms. From the remaining 11 patients 8 had a stone in a partial gall bladder or cystic duct stump. One patient had a fistula between the cystic duct stump and duodenum and one a suture granuloma. There was only one patient where a 1.5 cm long cystic duct stump remnant was the only pathological finding. Four years after reoperation this patient is still suffering from the same intermittent gastrointestinal symptoms. We conclude that the cystic duct stump is hardly ever a cause for recurrent symptoms in itself. Total excision of the cystic duct does not eliminate the existence of postcholecystectomy symptoms.
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PMID:Reoperation after cholecystectomy. The role of the cystic duct stump. 193 79

Serum CA 19-9 was determined in 83 control subjects, 99 patients with pancreatic cancer, 104 with chronic pancreatitis and 137 with extra-pancreatic diseases mainly of gastrointestinal origin in order to evaluate whether hepatic factors can influence circulating CA 19-9 in pancreatic cancer. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of this test in determining pancreatic malignancy were: 74%, 83% and 57%. We divided patients into two groups: group A (159 cases) and group B (181 cases) with and without anatomical liver damage (presence of primary or metastatic cancer, cirrhosis, hepatitis, steatofibrosis, cholangitis). Group A presented higher CA 19-9 values as compared to group B. Significant correlations were found in group B but not in group A between CA 19-9 and ALT, ALP and total bilirubin. Multiple regression analysis (CA 19-9 dependent and ALT, ALP and total bilirubin predictor variables) was significant only in group B. The standardized partial regression coefficients found to be significant were those of ALP and total bilirubin. We can conclude that CA 19-9 is an index of pancreatic cancer with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity. The presence of anatomical liver damage seems to increase the value of this index, probably releasing CA 19-9 into the bloodstream. Extra-hepatic cholestasis may also be an important factor in elevating CA 19-9 probably by reducing the hepatic catabolism of this glycoprotein.
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PMID:How does liver dysfunction influence serum CA 19-9 in pancreatic cancer? 213 20

Since antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) specific to primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) recognise enterobacterial proteins and can be induced by R(rough)-mutants of enterobacteriaceae a study was done to find out the prevalence of enterobacterial R-forms in stool samples of patients with chronic inflammatory liver diseases. Liver biopsy specimens were also examined for lipid A, a common antigenic component of the cell wall in gram-negative bacteria. In all stool samples from the 21 patients with PBC Escherichia coli R-forms constituted up to half of the total amount of E coli. In contrast E coli R-forms were detectable in the stools of only 1 healthy control (n = 20), and in 25% of patients with other cholestatic diseases (n = 10), chronic hepatitis type B (n = 15), type non-A, non-B hepatitis (n = 15), or chronic pancreatitis and fat malabsorption (n = 8). An immunoblot technique showed that E coli R-forms isolated from patients' stools contained PBC-specific AMA-reactive proteins with molecular weights of 70-80 kD and 50 kD. Deposits of lipid A, located primarily in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, were found in 11 patients with PBC but not in the liver of patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Circulating antibodies against lipid A were found rarely and in low titres. The data support the hypothesis that intestinal enterobacterial R-forms are aetiologically important in PBC and that antigens released from the bacterial cell wall contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.
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PMID:Relation between Escherichia coli R(rough)-forms in gut, lipid A in liver, and primary biliary cirrhosis. 257 61

Thirty nine patients undergoing surgery for chronic pancreatitis were investigated for evidence of hepatobiliary disease. In addition to pre-operative assessment by liver function tests, ultrasound, ERCP (in 33) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (in five), all had peroperative liver biopsy. Common bile duct stenosis was diagnosed in 16 (62%) of the 26 patients with successful cholangiography. Features of extrahepatic biliary obstruction were found on biopsy in 11 patients, three of whom showed features of secondary sclerosing cholangitis. No patients had secondary biliary cirrhosis. Three had parenchymal liver disease (cirrhosis, resolving hepatitis and alcoholic hepatitis respectively) and two others had features suggestive of previous alcohol-induced injury. Five (83%) of the patients with clinical jaundice had biopsy features of extrahepatic biliary obstruction, as did eight (67%) with alkaline phosphatase above twice normal and seven (44%) with radiological common bile duct stenosis. Neither alkaline phosphatase rise, nor common bile duct stenosis alone or in combination, were a reliable indication of the need for biliary enteric bypass surgery. Pre-operative liver biopsy may be a valuable adjunct in the assessment of such patients.
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PMID:Hepatobiliary complications in chronic pancreatitis. 271 85

In order to elucidate the factors affecting the serum levels of CA 19-9, we analyzed sera of 79 patients with pancreatic cancer and 169 with non-malignant diseases, chiefly consisting of hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases. Serum CA 19-9 values in patients with pancreatic cancer had no relation to the location of the tumor or presence of jaundice. Similarly, no tendency was observed as to the location and size of tumor or to the grade of differentiation in 12 CA 19-9-negative patients with pancreatic cancer. Serum levels of CA 19-9 in patients with cholelithiasis complicated by cholangitis frequently showed markedly high values, but then rapidly normalized in parallel with the subsiding of inflammation. The behaviour of serum CA 19-9 showed little relation to renal or hepatic failures or to intrahepatic cholestasis. However, slightly elevated levels of the antigen were found in more than half of those patients with fulminant hepatitis showing massive necrosis. In chronic pancreatitis, the prevalence was only 8%; however, an increase was observed at the time of exacerbation in 2 of 5 positive patients. There was hardly any increase in serum levels of CA 19-9 after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), although serum levels of pancreatic enzymes rose after ERCP in almost all patients. Thus, it appears that CA 19-9 does not easily escape into the bloodstream, unlike pancreatic enzymes.
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PMID:Factors affecting serum levels of CA 19-9 with special reference to benign hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases. 346 64

In a retrospective study pancreatic tissue specimens from 199 patients who had had pancreas surgery were tested for the presence of HBsAg. HBsAg could be demonstrated in two patients with chronic pancreatitis, in five patients with pancreas carcinoma and in one asymptomatic HBsAg carrier by use of the immunoperoxidase method. Demonstration of HBsAg in acinus epithelia and the small ductules supports the hypothesis, that virus particles can be produced and secreted by pancreatic tissue. The incidence of HBsAg in pancreas carcinoma (7% of cases investigated) is higher than can be explained by coincidence, thus there may be a certain association. These findings and data reported in the literature, showing that acute necrotizing pancreatitis can be caused by hepatitis virus, may lead to the conclusion, that in patients suffering from acute pancreatitis with unknown etiology serological virus diagnostics should be done.
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PMID:[The pancreas as target organ for hepatitis B virus--immunohistological detection of HBsAg in pancreatic carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis]. 388 78


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