Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The preliminary results of the HB, Ag and HBs Ab assay, performed with radioimmunological techniques in 31 cases of chronic hepatitis, 13 of whom carriers of chronic aggressive hepatitis (C.A.H.), 9 of chronic persistent hepatitis (C.P.H.) and 9 of cryptogenetic hepatic cirrhosis (C.H.C.) of both sexes, are reported. The highest number of HBs Ag positive cases was observed both in C.A.H. (69%) and C.H.C. (55%); very lower the HBs Ag positivity both in C.A.H. (33%) and C.H.C. (33%). No correlation between HBs Ag positive and HBs Ab positive was observed.
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PMID:[Behavior of HBs Ag and HBs Ab in chronic hepatitis]. 102 84

Serum cholesterol, triglyceride, total lipids and the lipoprotein pattern were studied in 169 cases chronic liver disease confirmed by biopsy. On the ground of the immunological and morphological results the patients were classified into five groups. In chronic persistent hepatitis no significant abnormality was found. In chronic aggressive hepatitis and in cirrhosis of the liver the serum cholesterol level was significantly reduced. In fatty infiltration of the liver the serum cholesterol, triglyceride and total lipid concentrations were significantly increased, as compared with the normal values and with the figures obtained in the cases of chronic inflammatory liver disease. In the cases of cirrhosis with additional diabetes the lipid values were likewise increased. In chronic aggressive hepatitis and in cirrhosis of the liver the levels of pre-beta and alpha lipoprotein were decreased, in fatty infiltration of the liver those of beta and pre-beta lipoprotein were increased.
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PMID:Serum lipids and lipoproteins in chronic liver disease. 103 49

Chronic hepatitis was diagnosed on the basis of biochemical, immunological and morphological criteria in 153 cases. On the evidence of observations for a mean period of four years the prognosis of chronic persistent hepatitis is regarded as favourable, no progression to chronic aggressive hepatitis or to cirrhosis having been observed in any of the cases. On the other hand, chronic aggressive hepatitis was found to progress to cirrhosis in 12 out of 65 cases. Cirrhotic transformation was more frequent in hyperactive processes (8 out of 25 cases). The sera of patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma showed low immunoglobulin concentrations, with increased coeruloplasmin and reduced transferrin levels.
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PMID:Chronic hepatitis; prognostic aspects. 103 37

Peripheral lymphocytes from patients with hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive and -negative acute hepatitis (AH), chronic active hepatitis (CAH), chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH), and normal controls were tested for in vitro cytotoxicity and blast transformation. Cytotoxicity was measured by chrominum (21Cr) release into the medium from 51Cr-labeled Chang liver cells after incubation for 6 h with peripheral lymphocytes at a lymphocyte target cell ratio of 200:1. Concomitant 72-h incubation studies were performed to assess thymus cell-dependent (T) lymphocyte function as measured by conccanavalin A (Con A)- stimulated incorporation of tritiated thymidine (blast transformation) and by cytotoxicity. It was found that (a) lymphocytes from patients with AH are cytotoxic to Chang liver cells compared to controls (P less than 0.001); (b) lymphocytes from patients with acute and chronic hepatitis are less cytotoxic when incubated with autologous and homologous HB2Ag-positive and -negative AH, CAH, and CPH are as cytotoxic as normal controls when stimulated with a nonspecific mitogen such as Con A; and (d) lymphocytes from patients with CAH while on prednisone therapy showed marked depression of cytotoxicity when stimulated with Con A. Thus these studies show that patients with AH have circulating T lymphocytes which are capable of causing the destruction of Chang liver cells. There is no defect in T-cell function as measured by Con A-stimulated cytotoxicity. There is a serum factor (s) in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis which inhibits spontaneous and induced lymphocyte cytotoxicity and blast transformation. Finally, prednisone treatment appears to inhibit lymphocyte cytotoxicity in patients with CAH.
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PMID:Cell-mediated immunity in acute and chronic hepatitis. 107 30

The cellular immune reactivity to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was studied in patients with liver diseases using a purified preparation of HBsAg and the leukocyte-migration agarose test. Inhibition of leukocyte migration by HBsAg was found in all 9 patients in the acute phase of viral hepatitis but not during convalescence. HBsAg inhibited migration of leukocytes in only 1 of 15 patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, in none of 16 with chronic periportal hepatitis, and in 2 of 21 with nonhepatic liver diseases. In normal control subjects inhibition of migration was found only in 1 physician exposed to HBsAg. Similar but not identical results were obtained with HBsAg-positive serum used as antigen. In patients with chronic hepatitis there was no correlation between reactivity to HBsAg and the presence of autoantibodies or anti-HBs. While further investigations using other preparations of antigens associated with HBV (e.g., hepatitis B core antigen) may better clarify the role of hepatitis B virus in some liver diseases, the present investigations suggest that a reactivity to HBsAg in patients with acute viral hepatitis may indicate clearing of the antigen, whereas in patients with chronic hepatitis it may reflect a state of specific tolerance to this antigen.
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PMID:Cell-mediated immune reactivity to hepatitis B surface antigen in liver diseases. 108 Jan 22

Sera of altogether 282 patients with different forms of hepatitis and cirrhosis were screened for cold reacting complement dependant auto-lympho-cytotoxins (CoCoCy). These antibodies are 19S-IgM-immunoglobins and have no HLA-antigen-specificity. CoCoCy occurred in 48% of the patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis (CAH), in 14% of the patients with chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) and in intermediate rates in the sera of patients with acute hepatitis. No correlations was found between CoCoCy and hepatitis B-antigen (HB-Ag). CoCoCy could be demonstrated also in 20% of the sera of a HB-Ag-positive and in 6% of a HB-Ag-negative control group. The serum concentration of CoCoCy is low. CoCoCy seems to be of T-cell-specificity and to reflect the overall-immunoreactivity without relation to the specificity of the antigenic stimulus. Thus demonstration of CoCoCy may be of pathogeneic and pathodynamic rather than of diagnostic interest.
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PMID:[Autolymphocytotoxins (CoCoCy) in different forms of hepatitis and cirrhosis (author's transl)]. 108 62

Among 289 HBsAg carriers detected by the Montreal Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service and seen by our group, 31 submitted voluntarily to liver biopsy. These 31 carriers have now been followed for 10-33 months (mean: 23) and all remained positive for HBsAg. 15 of these 31 subjects had lived in institutions during infancy or childhood and none were drug users. Histological examinations revealed 24 cases of chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH), 2 cases of chronic aggressive hepatitis, 2 with steatosis, and 3 with normal liver. On repeated determination, 16 of the 31 subjects had at least one elevated transaminase level. Transaminases levels could not be correlated with the histological diagnosis. 4 cases had positive antinuclear antibodies, all in the CPH group, a finding that could not be correlated with any clinical, biological, or histological findings. The search for other autoantibodies and the immunoglobulin determinations were totally unrewarding. Thus, it appears that chronic HBsAg carriers in Montreal voluntary blood donors often have chronic hepatitis, usually persistent, occasionally aggressive; liver biopsy still remains the most useful approach in the evaluation of these HBsAg carriers. The HBsAg-carrier state seems to be well tolerated, but further long-term studies are needed to understand the natural history of this condition.
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PMID:Chronic carriers of hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg). Histological, biochemical, and immunological findings in 31 voluntary blood donors. 108 40

A series of 67 liver biopsies (20 kidney transplant recipients and 47 outpatients with hepatitis) was investigated for the presence of hepatitis B antigen core (HBc) and surface (HBs) components by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. The variable appearance of the core in liver cell nuclei and of the surface in the cytoplasm allowed the recognition of expression patterns which, together with histologic parameters, could be integrated into four reaction types of diagnostic and prognostic implications: Type I (Elimination Type). No components or only occasional expression of HBc; histologically, classic lobular hepatitis; clinically, acute, self-limited viral hepatitis. Type II (HBc Predominance, or Immunosuppression Type). Abundant core expression in each liver cell nucleus and moderate appearance of HBs; histologically, nonaggressive inflammation (nonspecific reactive or portal hepatitis); clinically, mild, chronic, persistent hepatitis in transplant patients. Type III (HBs Predominance, or Nonaggressive Type). Prominent HBs expression largely in the absence of HBc; histologically, nonaggressive inflammation (nonspecific reactive and portal hepatitis) or normal liver tissue, together with ground-glass hepatocytes in light microscopy, as a correlate of HBs-containing hepatocytes; clinically, hepatitis B antigen carrier, or chronic persistent hepatitis. Type IV (HBc+s Equivalence, or Aggressive Type). Spotty expression of both components, especially of core; histologically, periportal hepatitis; clinically, mainly corresponds to chronic aggressive hepatitis and to acute hepatitis with possible transition to chronicity. As a unifying concept for these types, it is suggested that immune responsiveness determines the reaction pattern, the key mechanism being immune elimination of affected cells. Between efficient elimination (type I) and effective immunosuppression (type II), a graded elimination insufficiency is found in chronic forms (types III and IV), explaining the persistence and probably also the aggressiveness of hepatitis B virus infection.
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PMID:Pattern of core and surface expression in liver tissue reflects state of specific immune response in hepatitis B. 108 35

Investigation of humoral immunity against hepatocellular membrane antigens in patients with chronic active hepatitis and other liver diseases showed two different immunofluorescence patterns of IgG on hepatocyte membranes. A linear pattern was seen in HBsAg-negative hepatitis, but HBsAg-positive cases and some of protracted, acute hepatitis B had a granular pattern. In patients with IgG bound to hepatocytes, continuing necrosis of parenchymal liver cells was seen. Conversely, hepatocytes without bound IgG were found in cases of chronic active hepatitis in remission, acute viral hepatitis without HBsAg and chronic persistent hepatitis, in "healthy" HBsAg-carriers and in patients with fatty liver or alcoholic cirrhosis. A liver-membrane autoantibody in serum, proved by fixation on membranes of isolated rabbit hepatocytes, could be demonstrated only in HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis with elevated IgG-concentrations. The results support the existence of different pathogenetic types of chronic active hepatitis, a so-called autoimmune type and a hepatitis virus-B-induced type.
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PMID:Detection of a liver-membrane autoantibody in HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis. 110 36

The sera of 36 blood donors who are established HBsAg carriers were examined with the electron microscope. The findings were correlated with the histological and electronoptic appearances of the liver and the titre and subtype of the antigen. Antigen-antibody complexes could not be detected. Dane particles constituted 2 percent or more of the total particle count in five of the 36 sera, including three sera from five carriers with chronic aggressive hepatitis and two sera from 11 carriers with chronic persistent hepatitis. In sera from carriers with normal histology or the minimal histological lesion of focal parenchymal necrosis they were detected very infrequently or not at all. Three biopsies revealed intranuclear inclusions when examined electronoptically and the corresponding sera all contained greater than 2 percent Dane particles. Where greater than 2 percent Dane particles were seen the antigen titre tended to be high. The predominant subtype was ad. There was no correlation between the number of Dane particles and the antigen subtype nor between subtype and histology.
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PMID:Electron microscopy of serum of healthy hepatitis B antigen carriers. 112 18


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