Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Viral infections that occur in patients with primary immunodeficiencies are summarized. These viral infections include: Echovirus, poliovirus, varicella zoster, non-A non-B hepatitis and hepatitis B. Cases of X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection and congenital rubella syndrome are also reviewed. In the second part of the paper, retrovirus (HIV) isolations from blood mononuclear cells of 3 out of 31 patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia are reported. This supports the concept that some of the non-familial "primary" immunodeficiencies may be due to retrovirus infections.
 ...
PMID:Viruses and antibody deficiency syndromes. 284 58

Over the past 25 years animal retroviruses have been favoured subjects of research by virologists, oncologists, and molecular biologists. Retroviruses have given us reverse transcriptase, oncogenes, and cloning vectors that may one day be exploited for human gene therapy. They have also given us leukaemia and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Kawasaki disease and tropical spastic paraparesis are thought to be associated with retrovirus infection, and other diseases such as de Quervain's thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis, acquired hypogammaglobulinaemia, and certain forms of non-A, non-B hepatitis have come under passing suspicion of a retroviral aetiology. With AIDS threatening to become pandemic, and a second AIDS virus appearing in West Africa, human retroviruses are under intensive study for new antiviral drugs targeted to their unique mode of replication, and for the development of vaccines.
 ...
PMID:Retroviruses and human disease. 288 52

A registry of persons with the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome, which is characterized by marked susceptibility to diseases induced by the Epstein-Barr virus, has enrolled 161 patients within 44 kindreds. Fifty-seven percent of the males died of infectious mononucleosis, 29% developed acquired hypogammaglobulinemia, and 24% had malignant lymphoma. The mortality rate was 80%; 70% died by 10 years of age and 100% by 40 years. Thirty-two boys survive, most with malignant lymphoma, acquired hypogammaglobulinemia, or both. We hypothesized that the defective lymphoproliferative control locus on the X chromosome results in unregulated cytotoxic lymphocytic responses to the Epstein-Barr virus; hence, severe hepatitis and virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome occur with the infectious mononucleosis phenotype. T-cell suppression of immunoglobulin secretion by B cells is responsible for acquired hypogammaglobulinemia. A sustained polyclonal B-cell proliferation probably converts to a monoclonal B-cell malignancy as a result of molecular alterations.
 ...
PMID:Epstein-Barr virus infections in males with the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome. 303 Jan 74

The intravenous immunoglobulin (IV. IgG) preparation used in this study is manufactured by the Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service (SNBTS) by the pH 4/mild pepsin method. Recent reports suggest that non-A, non-B hepatitis may be transmitted by certain intravenous immunoglobulin preparations. Serum ALT levels were therefore measured prospectively in 16 patients with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia who received an intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy (SNBTS IV IgG) over a period ranging from 6 to 25 months. Retrospective analysis of serum ALT levels was also carried out in 8 patients with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia who received fresh frozen plasma (FFP) for periods ranging from 8 months to 13 years. There was no evidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis transmission by either SNBTS IV IgG or by FFP in all the patients studied.
 ...
PMID:Serum ALT levels in patients with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia receiving replacement therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin or fresh frozen plasma. 308 75

Acute hepatitis infection developed in a 47-year-old male patient with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia as a consequence of plasma transfusion therapy. Coincident with increases in serum transaminase activities indicative of acute hepatitis, serum IgG levels continued to rise to 506 mg/dl. When plasma replacement therapy was stopped, a transient decline in IgG level (to 371 mg/dl) was produced, followed by a sharp increase in IgG to 607 mg/dl. During this period, the patient's T4/T8 ratio, which had been inverted (0.89), exhibited significant normalization to 1.57. Nevertheless, the patient failed to produce specific antibody after immunization with a number of defined antigens. The mechanism whereby this presumed non-A, non-B hepatitis augmented endogenous IgG production in this patient remains unknown but may be related to diminished suppressor T cell activity. The patient's inability to produce specific antibody during this period suggests an underlying defect in one or more lymphocyte subsets involved in either helper T cell activity and/or immunologic memory.
 ...
PMID:Elevation of serum IgG levels and normalization of T4/T8 ratio after hepatitis in a patient with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia. 310 50

A 59-year-old male with acquired hypogammaglobulinaemia since 1978 developed a fulminant hepatitis. The hepatitis appeared after two years intravenous treatment with Sandoglobulin (Sandoz, Switzerland). No virus markers could be detected in the body fluids or liver tissue. Blood transfusions had not been given within one year before development of the liver disease. There was strong suspicion that the patient had acquired non-A non-B hepatitis from the gammaglobulin infusions. Treatment with alpha-interferon ran parallel to a normalization of the pathological liver enzymes and the histology of the liver. This observation suggests a direct antiviral effect of alpha-interferon, despite the anecdotical and noncontrolled character of these data.
 ...
PMID:Acute unidentified hepatitis in a hypogammaglobulinaemic patient on intravenous gammaglobulin successfully treated with interferon. 311 Nov 78

Human immunoglobulin for intravenous (IV) use has an established safety record with regard to transmission of hepatitis B virus. The bulk of available evidence also suggests that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not transmitted by IV immunoglobulin. There has been one report, however, of isolation of HIV from two patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia who had been treated with several immunoglobulin products. Certain IV immunoglobulin products have transmitted non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis but careful clinical assessment of recipients of other products suggests that non-infective preparations can be made. Interpretation of available data most likely to be correct is that contamination with NANB is reduced but not eliminated by cold-ethanol fractionation and that the use of further virucidal procedures in the finishing of immunoglobulin products will confer a higher degree of safety.
 ...
PMID:The viral safety of intravenous immunoglobulin. 311 93

6580 children inhabitans of selected region of Lower Silesia and 475 children with recurrent respiratory tract infections as well as 65 children with chronic active hepatitis were tested. IgA level was determined in each case. In the cases where IgA was absent or a low level of this immunoglobulin was found (0.2 g/l) IgD concentration was determined. It was established that the frequency of dysgammaglobulinaemia of class A was 1/731 tested cases in the tested population and 1/119 cases in children with respiratory tract infections and 1/65 tested children with chronic active hepatitis. Hypogammaglobulinaemia of class A was found in 1/365 cases in the tested population and 1/20 cases in children with respiratory tract infections and 2/65 children with chronic aggressive hepatitis. In children with dysgammaglobulinaemia of class A lack of IgD in serum was found in 44% of the cases--however, in hypogammaglobulinaemia IgA lack of IgD in serum was found in 38% of the cases.
 ...
PMID:The concentration of IgD in blood sera of children suffering from dys- or hypogammaglobulinaemia of class A. 349 62

Hepatitis occurring in patients with congenital X-linked or common variable hypogammaglobulinemia has been reported to follow a usual pattern of rapid progression from acute hepatitis to either chronic active hepatitis or death. This article describes a 21-year-old black man with congenital X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia who has been known to be a hepatitis B-associated antigen carrier during a 9-year follow up period. Liver enzyme studies are normal. His immunologic studies demonstrate no impairment of cellular immunity. His brother, who has the same disease and lives in the same household, has remained negative for hepatitis B-associated antigen. This patient demonstrates that not all hypogammaglobulinemia patients invariably have a severe clinical course with hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:Congenital X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia and asymptomatic hepatitis B antigen carrier state. 403 21

Immunological studies were performed on Ugandan patients with hepatocellular carcinoma to test the hypothesis that the high rate of persistence of hepatitis-associated antigen in these patients is the result of defects in host immune response. The responses to 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene sensitization and to a battery of recall skin test antigens were normal, as was the humoral antibody response to tularaemia antigen. Neither hypogammaglobulinaemia nor specific immunoglobulin deficiencies were found. Thus it appears unlikely that generalized defects in host immune responses can account for the high incidence of persistent hepatitis B virus infection found in Ugandan patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Immunological studies in Ugandan patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 434 3


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 Next >>