Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

AIMS. 1) To evaluate the nutritional status of a group of alcohol abusers, relatively to their liver function and morphology, and 2) to compare these data with those of a previous study carried out by out team ten years ago. According to their body weight, 135 alcohol abusers were divided into three groups: normal-weight, over-weight and under-weight. The severity of their hepatopathy was defined as: 1. slight hepatopathy; 2. alcohol-induced hepatitis; 3. alcohol-induced hepatitis plus cirrhosis; 4 child A cirrhosis; 5. child B cirrhosis. RESULTS. 1. The overweight group was homogeneously distributed among the several degrees of compensated hepatopathy. 2. There was a marked reactivity to skin tests (Multitest) in patients with alcohol hepatitis without cirrhosis, independently of nutritional disorders. 3. Only decompensated cirrhosis may cause caloric-protein malnutrition; consequently, nutritional disorders due to alcohol abuse appear late and they are unlikely to play a leading role in the pathogenesis of liver disease due to alcohol abuse. Obesity, on the other hand, may facilitate the onset of liver steatosis.
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PMID:[Nutritional status of patients with alcoholic liver diseases: comparison of the situation in the seventies and at present]. 764 38

In a multicenter retrospective study, we reviewed the etiology of chronic hepatitis (CH) in Italy during the period 1980-1989, before the laboratory diagnosis of HCV hepatitis had become possible. Among the 5,461 patients investigated, 31.3% had HBV-CH, 5.5% HDV-CH, 3.0% serological markers of autoimmune hepatitis and 3.7% post-transfusion NANB CH. Alcohol abuse was considered responsible in 10.9% of the cases and a diagnosis of crytogenic CH was made in 42.5%. Considering that most cryptogenic cases were actually due to chronic HCV infection, we may assume that as many as two-thirds of our cases were due to a hepatitis virus infection. Some differences were observed between patients with chronic hepatitis of different etiologies. Drug abuse was frequently recorded only in HDV-CH; patients with HBV-CH and HCV-CH were younger than those in other etiological groups; a histological picture of chronic active hepatitis was more frequently recorded in HDV-CH and autoimmune CH. The only identifiable geographical differences observed were a higher prevalence of HDV-CH in the south and of alcoholic chronic liver diseases in the north. During the period under observation, we noted a clear reduction in the percentages of HBV chronic hepatitis cases after 1984 and, accordingly, the mean age of HBV-CH progressively increased from 1980 to 1989 by almost a year each year. This observation is in agreement with recent data suggesting a reduction in HBV endemicity in Italy in recent years.
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PMID:The etiology of chronic hepatitis in Italy: a multicenter study. 795 81

Exocrinous performance of the pancreatic gland under secretin-pancreozymin stimulation was studied in 76 patients with chronic diffuse diseases of the liver who were distinguished into 6 groups: those who suffered from chronic persistent hepatitis of viral and alcohol origin, chronic active hepatitis of viral origin, cirrhosis of the liver of viral and alcohol origin, primary biliary hepatocirrhosis. The results obtained were correlated with those from 11 normal persons (controls). Out of 76 examinees the disorders of exocrinous performance of the pancreatic gland were revealed in 75 persons. The most characteristic features were: a decrease in the basal and an increase in the stimulated volume of the pancreatic juice; a reduction of both basal and stimulated production of bicarbonates; a decrease in the trypsin and amylase fasting levels and their increment in the stimulated juice of the pancreatic gland. Disorder in the production of bicarbonates was stated as a most characteristic feature in the patients both with viral and alcohol origin of the disease but it was mostly manifest in the patients with hepatocirrhosis. Pronounced elevation of the activity of amylase and trypsin in the pancreatic juice was observed in patients with very high activity of disease development and in the patients who continuously used large amounts of alcohol. The authors suspected that alcohol abuse and the effect of hepatitis virus had an equal pathogenic impact on the liver and pancreatic gland.
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PMID:[Exocrine function of the pancreas in patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis of various etiologies]. 814 1

A case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which developed during chemotherapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), is presented. A 55-year-old Japanese man, who had received an alkylating agent for 16 years, was diagnosed as having HCC with clinically evident splenic metastases. The patient died of the HCC rupture three months after diagnosis. The autopsy revealed the HCC to have developed from the non-cirrhotic liver. In the present case, DNA damage due to the long-term chemotherapy with the alkylating agent for CML may have endowed the HCC induced by post-transfusion hepatitis and alcohol abuse with an aggressive proliferative potential. This is the first report on HCC in association with CML.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma with splenic metastasis developing after 16 years of chemotherapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia: a case report. 815 58

We measured serum levels of carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) in 420 subjects: 100 healthy blood donors, 82 healthy employees, 70 abstaining patients with different chronic nonalcoholic liver disease, 16 abstaining patients with alcoholic fatty liver, 50 abstaining patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, 25 abusing patients with alcoholic fatty liver, 41 abusing patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, and 36 patients with alcohol dependence syndrome with a daily ethanol consumption of 173 +/- 120 g the last 4 weeks before blood was drawn. In controls the serum level of CDT was significantly higher in females compared with males (17.7 +/- 5.1 and 13.7 +/- 3.8 units/liter, respectively), and the upper normal limit was defined as 27 and 20 units/liter. Sixty-two of 102 (60.8%) abusing patients with alcoholic liver disease had increased levels of CDT compared with 1 of 66 abstaining (1.5%) patients with alcoholic liver disease, and 10 of 70 (14.3%) abstaining patients with nonalcoholic liver disease among them 3 with primary biliary cirrhosis and 2 with chronic autoimmune hepatitis. No correlation was found between serum CDT and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), AST, ALT, and mean red cell volume (MCV). The sensitivity and specificity for serum CDT was 61 and 92%, respectively, compared with 85 and 18% for GGT and 70 and 66% for MCV. No advantage was gained by using the CDT/transferrin ratio. Our study confirms that CDT is a specific marker for chronic alcohol abuse, except in few patients with other chronic liver diseases. Serum CDT seems to be a better indicator of abstention than GGT; AST and MCV in patients with alcoholic liver disease. However, in our hands CDT is not so sensitive for alcohol abuse in patients with liver disease as reported earlier in unselected alcoholics.
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PMID:Serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a marker of alcohol consumption in patients with chronic liver diseases. 848 62

We describe three men and two women, aged 18-50, with an occasional finding of increased aspartate and alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels in the absence of any drug treatment and past or current alcohol abuse. Two patients were overweight (body mass index 29 and 32, respectively) and physical examination was normal in all but one case. Tests for hepatitis A, B and C, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasma and autoimmune hepatitis were negative and metabolic diseases (Wilson's disease, haemochromatosis, alpha-l-antitrypsin deficiency) were excluded by specific tests. Ultrasound liver scan revealed massive steatosis in all patients. Liver histology showed diffuse steatosis and parenchymal inflammation in all cases, with concomitant fibrosis and Mallory bodies in three of them. Findings were consistent with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, a rare condition with potential progression to cirrhosis in a minority of cases. This disease, for which no treatment is currently available, must be considered in all subjects with elevated aminotransferases, in the absence of known causes of liver damage.
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PMID:Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Report of five cases and review of the literature. 878 33

After the enthusiasm given by the new treatment techniques of complicated portal hypertension (sclerotherapy, TIPS and liver transplantation), various authors in the literature are considering the role of derivative surgery in the treatment of this affection, due to their consolidated experiences and with a long term follow-up. The authors analyse their own long experience, regarding 104 side-to-side porto-caval shunt. It has been done a complete follow-up, of 71 patients, for a period lasting from 4 to 20 years from the operation. Intraoperative mortality was 5,7%, global morbidity was 28%. Haemorrhagic recurrence from rupture of oesophageal varices was found in 2 cases (1 soon after and the other 3 months from the operation). 5 years survival was depending from Child score (96% Child A, 66,4 Child B, 25% Child C) and from the ethology of cirrhosis (70% for alcoholic cirrhosis and 80% for post-hepatitis cirrhosis). The survival was anyhow mainly connected with the persistence of alcohol abuse. The EPS appeared or became worse after the operation in 12 patients out of 71 checked (16.7%). It has never made a patient enable to lead an ordinary life. Due to the results of their own experience, the authors underline the efficacy of side-to-side porto-caval shunt in the prevention of the haemorrhagic recurrence from oesophageal rupture. In selected patients, Child A and B, not responding to the endoscopic treatment and in elective operations, the mortality was very well contained with a good prevention even after many years and a very small occurrence of EPS. For all those reasons, the side-to-side porto-caval shunt still keeps its validity also towards the selective shunts that are much more difficult technically and that can't be done on ascitic patients.
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PMID:[Latero-lateral portocaval anastomosis in the surgical treatment of portal hypertension: evaluation of a mean follow up of 14 years]. 871 17

Liver function tests are commonly ordered during routine checkups or in an effort to identify the cause of underlying disease. Elevated liver enzymes usually indicate a disease or an insult to the liver, the main causes of which can be hepatitis (caused by virus infection or chemical exposures) or cirrhosis of the liver due to alcohol abuse. Results from the Metropolitan Life Insurance Testing Laboratory confirm national data showing a slow rise in the percentage of "free-living" persons with elevated liver enzymes. The percentage of "abnormal" results increased despite unchanged analytic methods or quality control measures during the data gathering period. In addition, the proportions of abnormal enzyme levels have increased while U.S. per capita alcohol consumption has decreased and sales of over-the-counter medications that elevate liver enzymes have increased. Thus, it is increasingly more difficult to determine the true cause of elevated liver enzymes. As more Americans self-medicate and as more prescription drugs become available over-the-counter, which can have subtle or overt effects on liver enzyme secretion, the causes for abnormal enzyme levels will remain difficult to interpret. Continued monitoring of liver enzyme levels and the prevalence of drug and alcohol use are necessary to determine if the noted rise in abnormal levels is associated with increased morbidity or adverse outcome.
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PMID:Effects of alcohol and prescription and over-the-counter drug use on liver enzyme profiles. 887 67

The diagnosis of cirrhosis relies on the histological analysis of a liver sample provided by biopsy made by transparietal or transjugular route according to the haemostasis of the patient. The histological study allows also to characterize the causative process and the severity of the disease. In the absence of histological proof a high probability of cirrhosis could be assumed when a firm liver with a narrow inferior edge is associated or not with signs of hepatic failure or portal hypertension. The most common causes of cirrhosis in France are alcohol abuse, C and B viruses, genetic haemochromatosis, chronic active autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis. The prevalence of viral causes is increasing.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of cirrhosis in adults]. 913 9

A 72-year-old housewife presented with clinical and laboratory signs of acute cholestatic hepatitis. Symptoms had appeared 6 months after she was started on ticlopidine 250 mg/day. Infectious aetiologies were excluded by serology and there was no history of alcohol abuse or use of other drugs. Clinical findings were confirmed by liver biopsy. The drug was discontinued and symptoms gradually subsided. A second biopsy obtained during this phase documented complete resolution of the hepatic damage. A review of the literature shows that the late onset of hepatic toxicity in this case is unique and this is the first report to include histological documentation during the acute phase and after recovery.
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PMID:Cholestatic hepatitis due to ticlopidine: clinical and histological recovery after drug withdrawal. Case report and review of the literature. 974 3


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