Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

65 heroin addicts who had previously underwent liver biopsy for liver disease were studied retrospectively; the histological features of liver disease and hepatitis B serological markers were analyzed in detail. Alcohol abuse was rare in this group (6.1%), but moderate or occasional use of mild alcoholic beverages was common. The liver biopsy examination showed that 35 (54%) had chronic active hepatitis, 21 (32%) had non specific reactive hepatitis, 6 (9%) had acute hepatitis and 3 (5%) had chronic persistent hepatitis. Steatosis was present in 41% of all biopsies. 19 subjects were HBsAg positive, and in 60 (92.3%) at least one marker of HBV was found. Observation of liver biopsy specimen under polarized light did not disclose the presence of birefringent material consistent with talc or other inorganic material. These results suggest that HBV infection is responsible for liver disease in heroin addicts in the great majority of cases.
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PMID:[Hepatopathy of the drug addict. Morphological data and incidence of serological markers of hepatitis B virus in 65 patients]. 652 44

Serum parameters of calcium metabolism were measured in 32 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven cirrhosis due to either hepatitis (n = 13), alcohol abuse (n = 11), Wilson's disease (n = 3), or primary or secondary biliary cirrhosis (n = 5). All measurements were normal in the small group of patients with Wilson's disease. The serum concentrations of albumin, vitamin D-binding protein, total calcium, phosphorus, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH2)D3) were decreased in the other patients with cirrhosis, but their mean serum concentrations of ionized calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3) and free 1,25-(OH2)D3 index were normal. A slight but significant increase in the serum PTH measured using a carboxyl-terminal antiserum was found. A significant correlation was found between the serum concentration of either albumin or vitamin D-binding protein and the serum concentrations of total calcium, 25-OHD3, 1,25-(OH2)D3, and PTH but not with ionized calcium or free 1,25-(OH2)D3 index. The observed abnormalities of calcium metabolism in unselected patients with cirrhosis were mainly due to decreased protein synthesis. Only the patients with severe cirrhosis had decreased concentrations of 25-OHD3 but they were nevertheless able to maintain a normal ionized serum calcium and free 1,25-(OH2)D3 level, possibly by means of compensatory hyperparathyroidism.
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PMID:Serum vitamin D metabolites and their binding protein in patients with liver cirrhosis. 654 47

Non-alcoholic steatosis hepatitis and fatty cirrhosis represents an unfamiliar liver disease of yet unknown etiology, which is usually indistinguishable from alcoholic lesions by histological criteria. For the affected patients this means automatically the inappropriate assumption of hidden alcohol abuse. Out of 1467 liver biopsies during 1979 to 1982 we selected 25 patients (group I), who either denied alcohol intake or reported negligible consumption. None of them had taken steatogenous drugs or had been treated by jejuno-ileal bypass operation for morbid obesity. Nevertheless, in all cases liver biopsy demonstrated changes that were thought to be characteristic of alcoholic liver disease. This group was compared with an additional series of 25 patients (group II, selected out of 342 alcoholics), who admitted to a mean daily alcohol ingestion of 145 +/- 37 g. According to body weight, sex ratio, estimated degree of hepatocellular fat deposition and relation of steatosis hepatitis (n = 15) to fatty cirrhosis (n = 12) there were no differences between both groups. In contrast to the alcoholics (group II) significantly lower (p less than 0.001) values of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (127 +/- 138 vs 669 +/- 588 U/l) and mean corpuscular erythrocyte volume (89 +/- 4,7 vs 102 +/- 7,8 fl) occurred among the abstinent patients (group I). However, the considerable overlap of measured values argued against a sufficiently discriminative function of both parameters. On the other hand, the serum SGOT/SGPT ratio (I: 1,0 +/- 0,4 vs II: 3,5 +/- 1,4) as well as the serum immunoglobulin-index IgG/IgA (I: 5,6 +/- 2,1 vs II: 2,7 +/- 0,7) allowed a more than 90% separation between the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Nonalcoholic fatty liver hepatitis and fatty cirrhosis mimicking alcoholic liver diseases]. 665 31

We describe three related studies of possible aetiological risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in men attending an STD clinic. In this paper we present the results for a variety of social and demographic variables traditionally associated with STD. In contrast to the results in the next two papers, these were largely negative. Occurrence rates of overall STD or of hepatitis, syphilis, gonorrhoea, or non-specific urethritis (NSU) had no aetiologically relevant association with age, nationality, marital status, social class, occupation, non-sexual social contact, drug abuse, or aggressive attitudes and behaviour. Gonorrhoea, however, was the only STD which correlated with alcohol abuse and with eating out rather than at home. We conclude that, with the possible exception of gonorrhoea, social factors contribute little to the distribution of STD risk within the study population.
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PMID:Social and psychological factors in the distribution of STD in male clinic attenders. I Demographic and social factors. 668 59

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging distinguished hepatitis from fatty liver and cirrhosis in a woman with a history of alcohol abuse. Anatomic and physiologic manifestations of portal hypertension were also demonstrated by MR.
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PMID:Chronic liver disease: evaluation by magnetic resonance. 668 54

Although infectious hepatitis (IH) is, at the present time, predominantly a disease of adolescence and young adulthood, when it does occur in advanced age, it is associated with a higher level of mortality due to fulminant hepatitis, and with a more frequently chronic, subicteric and anicteric course. The reasons for this are to be found in a greater viral persistence, with concomitant lowering of the immune defences, secondary diseases, prior diseases of the liver, drug and alcohol abuse. A particularly unfavourable effect on the prognosis is ascribed to the use of corticosteroids in the acute phase of the disease.
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PMID:[Special pathogenetic forms of hepatitis in old age]. 680 79

Ethanol is easily absorbed from the intestine and diffuses quickly throughout body water. The bulk of ethanol is metabolized in the liver, where alcohol dehydrogenase, a complex mixture of isoenzymes, oxidizes ethanol to acetaldehyde. Ethanol abuse produces functional and structural changes in the gastrointestinal tract, such as in the stomach, small intestine, liver, and pancreas. Accumulating evidence suggests direct toxicity of ethanol and possibly of acetaldehyde. Fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, acute and chronic gastritis, deranged structure and function of the small intestine, acute and chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic lithiasis are some of the sequelae of ethanol abuse. Recent investigations have enhanced our understanding of the functional and structural changes of the gastrointestinal tract produced by the abuse of ethanol.
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PMID:Ethanol, the liver, and the gastrointestinal tract. 719 92

Ninety-two British, caucasian, alcoholic patients with liver disese were grouped on the basis of hepatic histology into fatty change, hepatitis with or without cirrhosis, and cirrhosis alone. Men with alcoholic hepatitis with or without cirrhosis showed an increased incidence of the histocompatibility antigen HLA-B8 (P less than 0.02). Increased measles antibody titres were found in patients without cirrhosis with or without hepatitis and were associated with the B8 phenotype in both sexes. Rubella antibody titres and percentage DNA-binding were raised in patients with cirrhosis and showed no association with the B8 phenotype. Concentrations of IgM and IgA were were raised in patients with stetosis and with hepatitis, while in patients with cirrhosis IgG concentrations were also increased. Low titres of autoantibodies were found in all histological groups. It is possible that the development of hepatitis in response to alcohol abuse may be influenced, at least in men, by a gene linked to the B locus. Otherwise, immune processes associated with alcohol-related liver disease are probably secondary phenomena.
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PMID:HLA-B8, immunoglobulins, and antibody responses in alcohol-related liver disease. 740 Mar 47

We designed a multicenter cross-sectional study to evaluate the role of alcohol abuse, the hepatitis viruses and other pathogenic factors in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. A total of 1,829 consecutive cirrhosis patients, with or without HCC, was enrolled over 6 mo in 21 centers throughout Italy. The etiological categories and diagnostic criteria were preestablished. The median age of the patients was 59 yr (range, 13 to 85 yr); 63.6% of the patients were graded as Child class A, 23.4% as Child class B and 13% as Child class C. Hepatitis C virus antibodies were found in 72.1% of cases (47.7% alone, 21.2% with alcohol abuse, 3.2% with hepatitis B virus); HBsAg was present in 13.8% (4.2% alone, 3.2% with hepatitis D virus, 3.2% with hepatitis C virus, 3% with alcohol abuse), alcohol abuse with no concomitant viral infection was recorded in 8.7%, primary biliary cirrhosis was found in 1.8%, other causes were found in 1.4% and cryptogenic cirrhosis was only present in 5.3%. Hepatocellular carcinoma was detected in 11.9% of patients (217 cases). The presence of hepatocellular carcinoma was more frequent in males than females (14.7% vs. 7.3%; p < 0.001) and increased with worsening Child class (8.3% in Child class A, 16.9% in Child class B, 19.9% in Child class C, p < 0.001). The highest prevalences of hepatocellular carcinoma were observed in hepatitis B virus infection, with or without alcohol abuse (20% and 16%, respectively) and in hepatitis C virus cirrhosis, with or without alcohol abuse (16% and 10.3%, p < 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Pathogenic factors in cirrhosis with and without hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter Italian study. 752 73

A common reason for referring patients to hepatologists is persistently abnormal serum transaminase levels with vague constitutional symptoms. In the United Kingdom, these abnormalities are most often caused by a fatty liver either related to obesity or alcohol abuse; they are less commonly caused by chronic liver disease, particularly chronic viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, or chronic biliary disease. Endocrine disease is rarely a cause of these abnormalities, although hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are well-recognized causes. Addison's disease has been only reported once in the literature by R. G. Olsson as a cause of increased transaminase levels associated with constitutional symptoms; it is not mentioned in textbooks on hepatology. Three patients with Addison's disease are reported here, all of whom had increased serum transaminase levels for more than 6 months before the recognition of the hypoadrenalism with resolution to normal after steroid replacement. Hepatologists should consider subclinical Addison's disease as a cause of persistently increased transaminase levels with constitutional symptoms in the absence of evidence for fatty liver as well as viral and autoimmune markers.
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PMID:Subclinical Addison's disease: a cause of persistent abnormalities in transaminase values. 755 2


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