Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty-seven adult patients with acute hepatitis and 34 comparison patients without liver disease were evaluated using a newly developed Western blot assay for IgM antibody to hepatitis E virus. The mean age of patients with hepatitis was 32 years (range, 18-55 years); 88% were male. Among patients with acute hepatitis, hepatitis A (anti-HAV IgM positive) was diagnosed in two (4%), hepatitis B (anti-HBc IgM positive) in three (5%), and hepatitis E (anti-HEV IgM positive) in 34 (60%). One hepatitis patient had CMV IgM, another had EBV IgM, and 16 others (28%) were negative for all serologic markers of acute viral hepatitis. No patient with acute hepatitis A or B and none of the comparison patients without acute hepatitis had anti-HEV IgM. All but one case of acute hepatitis E were found among expatriates of Asian origin, and acute hepatitis E was associated significantly with recent travel to the Indian subcontinent. These data suggest that acute hepatitis E is common among foreign workers in Kuwait but that little HEV transmission is occurring directly in Kuwait.
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PMID:Acute sporadic hepatitis E in Kuwait. 804 31

Acute hepatitis E infection was diagnosed in a Pakistani immigrant admitted to the University of Illinois Hospital. Utilizing enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests, specific IgG and IgM class antibodies to three different epitopes of hepatitis E virus (HEV) were detected 12 weeks after the onset of illness and in the early convalescent stage. Sixteen months after the onset of hepatitis, IgM anti-HEV was no longer detectable. Low levels of IgG class anti-HEV antibodies continued to be detected. We demonstrate the utility of the EIA HEV assay to diagnose prospectively acute HEV infection.
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PMID:Diagnosis of acute hepatitis E infection utilizing enzyme immunoassay. 805 Mar 18

In support of Operation Restore Hope, the United States military established a diagnostic laboratory for infectious diseases, the Joint Forward Laboratory, in Mogadishu, Somalia. Because sporadic hepatitis due to unknown causes was a frequent problem, staff members of the Joint Forward Laboratory evaluated 31 Somalis, five displaced Ethiopians, and three Western relief workers who had acute clinical hepatitis. Patients lived in multiple locations in Somalia--Mogadishu, Baidoa, and Merca--and became ill between December 1992 and February 1993. IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus was found in one English relief worker, and IgM antibody to hepatitis E virus was found in 20 (65%) of 31 Somalis, two (40%) of five Ethiopians, and two (67%) of three Western relief workers. No patient had evidence of acute hepatitis B, malaria, yellow fever, or other arbovirus infections. These data indicate that hepatitis E virus--the major cause of enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis--was a common cause of acute sporadic hepatitis in Somalia during the initial stages of Operation Restore Hope.
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PMID:Threat of hepatitis E virus infection in Somalia during Operation Restore Hope. 805 16

On the basis of the results of the retrospective epidemiological analysis of hepatitis A morbidity for many years in the Leninabad (now Hojend) region of Tajikistan the possibility of the epidemiological diagnosis of fecal-oral hepatitis non A, non B, also known as hepatitis E, was confirmed. Analysis of the specific features of a sharp morbidity rise in hepatitis A in this region in 1986-1987 made it possible to establish that this rise was caused by hepatitis E. This was testified by the explosive character of morbidity; the prevalence of persons aged 15-29 years, found to have antibodies to hepatitis A virus in 95% of cases (among patients, these persons constituted 67.5% of the total number of hepatitis A patients and children of preschool age constituted only 8.8% of such patients); sharply pronounced irregularity in the distribution of morbidity in individual settlements, depending on the state of water supply; a low number of the foci of infection in patient's families; the unfavorable course of the disease in pregnant women with high mortality rate (19%) among them. Similar epidemiological features were noted in hepatitis E outbreaks, occurring at the same period in the adjoining regions in Kirghizia and Uzbekistan, where the etiology of the disease was established by excluding the markers of hepatitides A and B in most of the patients. Some data indicate that the causes of these outbreaks of hepatitis E were linked with the water route of the transmission of hepatitis E virus.
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PMID:[The epidemiological diagnosis of "fecal-oral" hepatitis E in Tajikistan]. 805 75

A 53 year old female nurse presenting with malaise, jaundice and pruritus is reported. Physical examination only disclosed jaundice and laboratory values showed an ALT of 445 U/l, ASAT of 179 U/l, alkaline phosphatases of 455 U/l and a total bilirubin of 7.7 mg/dl. Serological markers for hepatitis virus E were positive and negative for hepatitis virus A, B and C, cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus. The patient recovered fully in 10 weeks and is asymptomatic after 5 years of follow up. Health care workers probably have a higher risk for hepatitis E than the general population and this is the first acute sporadic case described in Chile.
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PMID:[Acute sporadic hepatitis caused by the E virus in Chile. Clinical case]. 806 47

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis viruses and analyze the epidemiological features in acute hepatitis in Spain. Consecutive serum samples from 341 patients with acute hepatitis were tested for IgM anti-hepatitis A virus, IgM anti-hepatitis B core antigen and HBsAg. The antibody to hepatitis C virus was determined using a second-generation enzyme immunoassay. In selected cases, serum was tested for antibodies for hepatitis E virus by enzyme immunoassay and hepatitis C virus-RNA by polymerase chain reaction. One hundred and fourteen (33.2%) cases of acute hepatitis were due to hepatitis A virus, 68 (20%) to hepatitis B virus, 21 (6%) to hepatitis D virus and 74 (21.8%) to hepatitis C virus infection. Of the 74 hepatitis C virus infections, 48 (65%) were anti-HCV positive at the time of diagnosis, while 26 (35%) seroconverted to anti-HCV later during follow-up. No case of hepatitis E virus infection was detected. The remaining 64 cases were negative to all acute serological markers and were classified as non-A, non-B, non-C, non-E hepatitis. Hepatitis C virus was implicated in 65/119 (54.6%) of the cases among intravenous drug users but in only in 9/199 (4.5%) of the sporadic cases (p < 0.01). Progression to chronic hepatitis was observed more frequently in anti-hepatitis C virus-positive than in antibody-negative-cases (42/70; 60% vs. 3/52 or 5.5%) (p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Etiology of acute sporadic hepatitis in Spain: the role of hepatitis C and E viruses. 807 33

IgM and IgG anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) patterns were determined in sera collected during a hepatitis outbreak in Pakistan. HEV infection was detected serologically in 122 patients. IgM anti-HEV was detected in specimens collected up to 2 weeks before and 5-7 weeks after hospitalization in 91% and 100%, respectively, of 122 HEV-infected patients. IgG followed a similar pattern. Peak antibody titers appeared 2-4 weeks after hospitalization. At 20 months after hospitalization, IgM anti-HEV was not detected in any of 33 patients; IgG was found in all. IgG anti-HEV appeared to be protective in contracts of patients. This study confirms HEV as the cause of the outbreak, quantifies IgM and IgG anti-HEV responses, provides evidence that IgG anti-HEV protects against hepatitis E, and demonstrates that IgG anti-HEV persists, but at diminished titer, after infection. Hepatitis E in young adults is the result of primary infection with HEV and, if reinfection occurs, it does not commonly cause serious illness.
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PMID:Epidemic hepatitis E in Pakistan: patterns of serologic response and evidence that antibody to hepatitis E virus protects against disease. 807 8

The infectivity titer of a standard stock of the SAR-55 strain of hepatitis E virus (HEV) was determined in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and the effect of dose on the course of the infection was examined by weekly monitoring of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and anti-HEV levels. Antibody to HEV (anti-HEV) was measured with ELISAs based on ORF-2 recombinant antigens consisting of either a 55 kDa region expressed in insect cells or shorter regions expressed as fusion proteins in bacteria. The ELISA based on the 55 kDa antigen was generally more sensitive. The infectivity titer of SAR-55 was 10(6) cynomolgus 50% infectious doses per gram of feces. The infectivity titer corresponded to the HEV genome titer of the inoculum as determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Anti-HEV IgM was detected in only a portion of the animals that had an anti-HEV IgG response. Biochemical evidence of hepatitis was most prominent in animals that were inoculated with the higher concentrations of virus and the incubation period to seroconversion was prolonged in animals that received the lower doses.
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PMID:Infectivity titration of a prototype strain of hepatitis E virus in cynomolgus monkeys. 808 60

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes an enteric non-A, non-B hepatitis. The disease occurs in epidemic settings and sporadically, and viral transmission is thought to be faecal-oral. We present here a single volunteer study of HEV transmission followed by disease. Clinical and biochemical features of the infection correlated with HEV detection in the stools and sera by reverse transcription/polymerase chain amplification. IgG antibody has persisted for 2 years. The presence of HEV in serum before clinical signs appeared suggests that in endemic areas sporadic transmission of HEV may also occur parenterally.
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PMID:Hepatitis E virus transmission to a volunteer. 809 48

To analyse the effect of strain-specific sequence variation on the antigenic properties of the protein encoded by the open reading frame 3 (ORF 3) of hepatitis E virus (HEV), two sets of short overlapping peptides spanning amino acids 91 to 123 of this protein from Burmese and Mexican strains were synthesized and tested with sera obtained from outbreaks of enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis in three different regions of the world (Mexico, Turkmenistan and Kenya). The data suggest strain-specific variation in the antigenic reactivity of the ORF 3 protein. The C-terminal region of this protein contains several antigenic epitopes located in the most variable positions. Individual sera were found to interact with different groups of epitopes from each set of peptides. The antigenic epitopes of the Mexican strain appear to be less conformation-dependent than those of the Burmese strain. The most immunoreactive epitope of the ORF 3 protein from the Mexican strain was localized at amino acid positions 95 to 101. The ORF 3 protein of the Burmese strain contains an immunodominant epitope at amino acid positions 112 to 117. Some of these short peptides may be useful for the development of a diagnostic assay to discriminate between the Burmese and Mexican strains.
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PMID:Comparative characterization of antigenic epitopes in the immunodominant region of the protein encoded by open reading frame 3 in Burmese and Mexican strains of hepatitis E virus. 812 61


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