Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The weights of the spleens of series of patients with various disorders of children dating from birth or early infancy and causing splenomegaly, with or without cirrhosis of the liver, were analyzed. The linear regression equation for spleen weight versus age in months for each disease was derived, and the rate constants from these equations were adjusted for the age range of the patients in each group. The original data of Coppoletta and Wolbach were used for normal values. The rates of splenic growth of appropriate entities for which the regression equation could be computed fell into three groups, with adjusted rate constants (growth of spleen in grams per month) of 6.53-6.95 (biliary atresia, thalassemia, and cirrhosis following neonatal hepatitis), 2.30-2.62 (cirrhosis of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, infantile polycystic disease, and spherocytosis), and 1.06-1.11 (cystic fibrosis and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura). These classes of splenic growth rates are approximately 10, 3.7, and 1.6 times the normal growth rate (0.67 g/mo). Rate constants could not be computed for the categories cirrhosis following viral hepatitis and hemolytic anemia other than spherocytosis and sickle cell anemia, and the numbers of patients with splenic vein obstruction, cirrhosis with the cholestatic syndrome of parenteral alimentation, hypoplastic anemia with hemosiderosis, tyrosinemia, Byler's disease, congenital hepatic fibrosis, and Wilson's disease were too few for analysis. The significance of the finding of classes or "quantum groups" of splenic growth rates in disorders of children, dating from birth or early infancy and causing splenomegaly, is uncertain. Comparable data on adequate series of patients with other appropriate disorders will be necessary.
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PMID:Splenic growth rates in cirrhotic and other splenomegalic diseases of childhood. 384 62

Circulating immune complexes were studied using 3.5% polyethyleneglycol precipitation in 312 children with various diseases whose ages ranged from 1 month to 14 years. One hundred and one patients (32.6%) were positive and the groups with the highest percentage were those with viral hepatitis (90%), sepsis (80.7%), collagen diseases (76.4%) and Schonlein-Henoch purpura (57.1%). We found immune complexes less frequently in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura than in published series of adult cases, possibly due to the fact that the diseases in children is due to a different pathogenetic mechanism. The composition of the immune complexes was tested by 1% agarose immunodiffusion against a panel of antisera. IgG and IgM were found most frequently, and IgA was very uncommon except in some cases of hepatitis. C4 was the most frequently found complement component, followed by C3. Important differences between the various diseases studied were noted. Our results are very similar to those previously published by other authors. Whereas serum autoantibodies and autoimmune diseases are less common in children than in adults, circulating immune complexes seem to have a similar frequency in children to that already reported for adults. It is difficult to assess the significance of circulating immune complexes. They might be (a) a mere "marker" of no pathogenic significance (b) a mechanism of tissue damage by intravascular deposition, or (c) they might interfere with the cell membrane receptors of macrophages, producing a defect in phagocytosis. However, we were unable to demonstrate an increased number of infections in these patients.
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PMID:[Incidence of circulating immune complexes in pediatric diseases. Comparative study with adults]. 645 Nov 57

Frank intrabiliary rupture of hepatic hydatid cysts is not uncommon in Iraq. Thirteen patients have been studied and three types of presentations described: i) typical, a patient with known hydatid cyst of the liver presents with pain, fever and jaundice; ii) asymptomatic, in a patient with hepatic hydatid cyst; and iii) atypical, simulating cholelithiasis, liver abscess, peritonitis, hepatitis and persistent biliary fistula.
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PMID:Intrabiliary rupture of hepatic hydatid cyst. 718 12

The potential for blood contact with nonintact skin puts operating room personnel at an increased risk of exposure to hepatitis or HIV virus. Frank needle-stick injury to the surgeon has been shown to occur once every 20-40 operations. It has been shown that blood contact exposure during aesthetic surgery occurs in 32% of the operations in which a single pair of surgical gloves is used (surgeon 39.7%, assistant 23%). The reduction of blood contact exposure during aesthetic surgical procedures by using two pairs of gloves was tested and demonstrated. Contact rates decreased by 70%. Outer-glove perforations occurred in 25.6% of the cases, while inner-glove perforations occurred in only 10% of the cases (surgeon 8.7%, assistant 3.5%). All of the inner-glove perforations occurred during procedures that lasted longer than two hours, and in no case was there an inner-glove defect without a corresponding outer-glove perforation. The nondominant index finger (33%) was the most common location. Double gloving during aesthetic procedures reduced the operating room personnel's risk of blood contact exposure by 70% when compared with single-glove use.
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PMID:Use of double gloves to protect the surgeon from blood contact during aesthetic procedures. 766 75

In summary, for intravenous gammaglobulin use of ITP in children and adults, it is clear that intravenous gammaglobulin is an effective way to increase the platelet count acutely and this will be faster than or as fast as any other therapy. However, there is no proven curative effect of IV gammaglobulin. Its use in situations requiring a rapid increase in the platelet count seems secure as does its use in children with chronic ITP. The latter however and the treatment of HIV-ITP may find IVIG treatment largely replaced in the future by IV Anti-D(10) which is currently experimental. The use of a viral inactivated form of IVIG currently seems mandatory to avoid post-transmission hepatitis.
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PMID:Uses of intravenous gammaglobulin in immune hematologic disease. 771 5

Shortly after the discovery of the hepatitis C virus, it was realized that this infectious agent caused more than just liver disease. A remarkable array of extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C has now been described. Many of these associated syndromes implicate the hepatitis C virus as a mediator of autoimmunity or of immune complex formation. These disorders include mixed essential cryoglobulinemia, autoimmune hepatitis, glomerulonephritis, thyroiditis, and possibly Sjogren's syndrome. The hepatitis C virus has also been strongly linked to two skin disorders: prophyria cutanea tarda and lichen planus. Other possible hepatitis-C-associated diseases described in the literature include idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IgA deficiency. Mooren's corneal ulcers, Behcet's syndrome, polyarthritis, Guillain-Barre' syndrome, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and others. A number of these reported diseases have either responded to or been cured by a therapeutic course of alpha interferon. This report discusses the reported extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C as of mid-1995.
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PMID:Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C. 886 23

The study was conducted on 75 multitransfused children aged between 2 and 13 years who attended the Department of Paediatrics, LNJPN Hospital, New Delhi from July 1990 to July 1991. These included 64 cases of thalassaemia major, 4 cases of haemophilia, 3 patients of acute lymphatic leukaemia and one each of acute myeloid leukaemia, aplastic anemia, chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis. HBsAg was tested in all, Anti-HBc was tested in 44 patients and Anti-HCV in 43 patients. Anti HDV was tested in HBsAg positive patients and IgM anti-HAV was tested in patients suffering from hepatitis. Liver function tests were evaluated in all patients. HBsAg was positive in 31% of patients; 40% of males and 15% of females were HBsAg positive, the difference being statistically significant. 84% of patients were Anti-HBc positive, 21% were anti HCV positive, 4% were Anti HDV positive. 15% of the patients had post transfusion hepatitis. Anti HCV was present in 57% of the hepatitis patients; none had anti-HAV IgM.
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PMID:Hepatitis B and hepatitis C in multitransfused children. 964 Oct 34

Two sister cases of autoimmune hepatitis are described. Case 1 involved a 49-year-old woman who suffered from bleeding gums and general fatigue. Her laboratory data showed a marked increase in transaminase levels, an elevated IgG level with titers 1:80 or more of both antinuclear and smooth muscle antibodies and thrombocytopenia. Histology of the biopsied liver revealed chronic active hepatitis with a moderate infiltration of mononuclear cells. A complication of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura was determined based on higher titers of PA-IgG and a normal bone marrow findings. Case 2 involved a 54-year-old woman, an elder sister of case 1, who suffered from general fatigue with jaundice. Her laboratory data showed a severe damage of liver function and an elevated IgG level with positive antibodies to nuclear and smooth muscle antigen. Histology of the biopsied liver revealed chronic active hepatitis. Both patients were negative to markers of hepatotrophic agents. Under diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis, they have been treated with prednisone followed by a significant clinical improvement. HLA types of two patients were Bw54-DR4 and DR4. Among 4 other siblings, the eldest sister suffered from rheumatoid arthritis. The occurrence of two sister cases of type-1 autoimmune hepatitis has rarely reported and the fact would support a role of enviromental factors besides genetic factors for the onset of this disease.
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PMID:Two sister cases of autoimmune hepatitis. 1009 83

A method and approach are described to differentiate classic autoimmune thrombocytopenia (ATP) from immune complex-associated thrombocytopenia in systemic lupus (SLE), hepatitis/chronic liver disease (LIV-ITP) and HIV-1 related thrombocytopenia (HIV-1-ITP). The platelet immunologic profile of IgG, C3C4 and IgM was measured with a solid-phase ELISA, employing 125I-staphylococcal protein A to detect indicator antibody binding. Polyethylene glycol was employed to precipitate immune complexes (PEG-IC). Platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) was 2.8-, 5.6- and 5.8-fold higher in SLE, LIV-ITP and HIV-1-ITP patients respectively compared to ATP patients: platelet C3C4 was 3.2-, 4.8- and 4.5-fold higher respectively; platelet IgM was 2.2-, 3.7- and 3.8-fold higher respectively; serum PEG-IC levels were 4.2-, 4.8- and 2.1-fold higher respectively. With all parameters measured, there was no overlap between the 75th percentile for ATP patients and the 25th percentile for all three cohorts. The likelihood of having a platelet C3C4 level higher than the highest ATP level was 69% for SLE, 90% for LIV-ITP and 94% for HIV-1-ITP respectively; with PEG-IC measurements the likelihood was 83%, 100% and 100% respectively. Serum IgG, C3, C4, IgM and PEG-IC were examined for a possible relationship with platelet measurements. Except for a positive correlation between serum and platelet IgM in ATP, r = 0.5, P < 0.04, there was no positive correlation with any of the parameters measured. An inverse correlation was noted between PEG-IC level and platelet C3C4 in SLE, r = 0.7, P < 0.04. Thus platelet immunologic profile and serum PEG-IC level measurements differentiated classic ATP from immune complex-associated thrombocytopenias (SLE, LIV-ITP, HIV-1-ITP). Except for IgM measurements in ATP, platelet measurements could not be attributed to their respective serum concentration.
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PMID:Differentiation of autoimmune thrombocytopenia from thrombocytopenia associated with immune complex disease: systemic lupus erythematosus, hepatitis-cirrhosis, and HIV-1 infection by platelet and serum immunological measurements. 1055 25

A 72-year-old woman, who has been administered prednisolone and azathioprine with diagnoses of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), underwent a complete medical examination because of monoclonal gammopathy (IgG-kappa). Tumors were found in the ileum and descending colon. Pathological examination of biopsy specimens suggested a diagnosis of marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the MALT type with a high-grade component. Flow cytometric analysis by two-color staining revealed that the neoplastic B cells expressed CD38, CD19, IgG and kappa, but not CD5 or CD10. There were no abnormal plasma cells in bone marrow smears. The patient achieved complete remission after receiving three cycles of THP-COP chemotherapy, which resulted in a decrease of the IgG level to within the normal range. These findings indicated that monoclonal IgG-kappa might be produced by lymphoma cells. However, the relationship of the immunosuppressive agents to the pathogenesis of the MALT lymphoma remains to be clarified.
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PMID:[MALT lymphoma producing IgG-kappa type M-protein]. 1102 Sep 94


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