Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since 1961, viral hepatitis has been recognized as an occupational hazard among handlers of newly imported chimpanzees and other nonhuman primates. To determine whether previously reported cases were caused by human viral hepatitis type A, we tested paired serum samples from two outbreaks for antibody to hepatitis A antigen (anti-HA) by immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA), recently available test. In both outbreaks, one of hepatitis transmitted from chimpanzee to man (Michigan, 1964), the second from chimpanzee to chimpanzee, man, and woolly monkey (Connecticut, 1971), serologic data documented recent hepatitis A virus infection among contacts-human and nonhuman primate-of implicated chimpanzees. This confirms serologically a previously noted epidemiologic association between nonhuman primate-associated hepatitis and human viral hepatitis, type A.
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PMID:Nonhuman primate-associated viral hepatitis type A. Serologic evidence of hepatitis A virus infection. 18 Mar 3

Sera from 627 students entering Colleges of Education between 1969 and 1972 were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody. One was found positive for antigen, none for antibody. Six for 15 positive Hepanosticon results and two positive Hepatest results occurred in sera which also gave positive heterophil antibody tests indicative of current or recent EB virus infection. One of these six sera was still positive in the Hepanosticon test after one absorption, and one of two Hepatests gave no positive reaction with the control cells. Eleven of 14 sera from cases of infectious mononucleosis gave positive Hepanosticon results and two were still positive after one absorption. Seven were positive in the Hepatest and only three of these were positive with the control cells. The control tests in the Hepanosticon and Hepatest do not clearly identify all false positives due to Paul Bunnell antibody. It is suggested that when a positive result in a passive haemagglutination test can be removed by absorption or if positive after absorption cannot be confirmed by other tests for hepatitis Bs antigen, the patient from whom the serum specimen was taken should be investigated for indications of current EB virus infection.
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PMID:Screening tests for hepatitis B antigen and antibody in two colleges of education and studies on the relationship between nonspecific positive antibody tests and EB virus infection. 18 37

To define more completely the period of fecal excretion of virus during hepatitis A virus infection, we studied 24 fecal samples from six children with clinical illness during an epidemic of type A hepatitis. As determined by immune electron microscopy, the six patients had detectable viral excretion before or by the time of the first abnormality in serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (alanine aminotransferase). Viral excretion reached a peak early and declined to undetectable levels before levels of serum enzyme reached a peak. These data accord with epidemiologic evidence that the person who already has symptoms and signs of type A hepatitis is unlikely to transmit the infection to others. Immune electron microscopy, therefore, may be a better index to the period of communicability than studies of experimental infection in human subjects. This conclusion would imply that precautions against fecal contamination are not usually necessary for patients hospitalized with type A hepatitis.
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PMID:Fecal excretion of hepatitis A virus in humans. 19 99

While chickens infected with duck hepatitis virus showed no signs of clinical illness, their levels of hepatic cytochrome P-450 in response to phenobarbital induction and their microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities in response to 3-methylcholanthrene induction were each found to correlate with the titer of virus recovered from the livers. These clear correlations indicate that avian hepatic drug metabolism is significantly modified during viral infection.
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PMID:Correlation of induced drug metabolism with titer of duck hepatitis virus in chickens. 19 18

In studies conducted in the early 1950s, sera from six asymptomatic blood donors, implicated in the transmission of viral hepatitis, were inoculated into 10 to 20 volunteers each. Five of these "implicated" donor sera transmitted clinically apparent hepatitis to the recipients. The stored serum samples from these studies have been reanalyzed using serologic markers for hepatitis B virus and hepatitis A virus infection. Two of the donor sera were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive, and both transmitted hepatitis B virus infection to all susceptible recipients, half of whom showing clinical symptoms. The remaining three infectious donors were HBs-Ag-negative, yet were icterogenic to 10% to 47% of recipients. Testing of serum samples from these recipients with hepatitis showed no evidence of hepatitis B virus or hepatitis A virus infection. This study and other recent evidence suggest that there is a third type of human viral hepatitis--non-A, non-B hepatitis--which is due to a transmissible agent and may well be associated with a chronic carrier state.
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PMID:Transmission of non-A, non-B hepatitis. 19 5

In 1972 a nonsocomial outbreak of parenterally transmitted hepatitis affected both marrow transplant patients and normal platelet donors in an oncology unit. Because of the characteristics of the clinical illness, the incubation period of 27 days, and the effect of immune serum globulin on the clinical illness, the outbreak was attributed to hepatitis A; there was no serologic evidence of either hepatitis B virus or cytomegalovirus infection. Stored serums from this outbreak were re-examined by more recently developed serologic techniques for evidence of hepatitis A (HA) virus infection. Ten patients and donors had undetectable anti-HA titers before illness and none seroconverted; five persons had pre-existent anti-HA titers and showed no further rise in convalescent serums. The serum of one patient was inevaluable. With the availability of serologic techniques for the diagnosis of both hepatitis A and hepatitis B virus infections, it is clear that most cases of post-transfusion hepatitis are not due to either of these agents, and short-incubation-period hepatitis can not be assumed to be hepatitis A without further investigation.
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PMID:Parenterally transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis: an epidemic reassessed. 19 6

Hepatitis A antigen (HA Ag) was demonstrated by immunofluorescence (IF) in liver biopsies from chimpanzees with experimental hepatitis A virus infection. Blocking experiments with paired sera from patients with hepatitis types A, B, or non-A, non-B, as well as with purified HA Ag, showed that the fluorescence was specific for HA Ag. HA Ag could be demonstrated only in biopsies from chimpanzees inoculated with hepatitis A virus. In two of four chimpanzees biopsied weekly, HA Ag could be detected by IF before stool shedding of HA Ag, elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase (SGPT), or histopathological evidence of liver disease was seen. The HA Ag was detected for 4 to 5 weeks; the last IF-positive biopsy was obtained after SGPT activity had returned to normal. In the two other chimpanzees, HA Ag could be detected only in the biopsy taken at the time of SGPT elevation. In the early IF-positive biopsies, HA Ag was diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm of many cells, but it later accumulated in a focal distribution in the cytoplasm of a few of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. This cytoplasmic distribution agrees with previous electron microscopic data.
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PMID:Detection of hepatitis A antigen by immunofluorescence. 20 May 65

A persisting type of infection with wasting syndrome was established in congenitally athymic nude mice after intraperitoneal inoculation with a mouse hepatitis virus which was not fully pathogenic for heterozygous haired littermates. From the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and brain of most infected nude mice, the virus was detected at high titers during aperiod from 6 to 35 days postinfection, occurrence of degenerative and necrotic lesions being correlated with virus titers in these organs. The titer of serum neutralizing antibody remained undetectable or very low in most diseases nude mice, whereas some animals resisting the infection could produce antibody at a later stage. In heterozygous haired mice, some lesions were detectable at a very early stage of infection in the spleen and liver, but they seemed to disappear with a marked elevation of the neutralizing antibody titer. Nude mice were able to resist the virus infection when they had previously received transfer of thymocytes from weanling heterozygous littermates.
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PMID:Persistent infection with mouse hepatitis virus of low virulence in nude mice. 20 62

The rufiventer marmoset proved equally satisfactory to S. mystax for studies of human hepatitis A virus. C. jacchus, C. argentata, S. weddelli, and S. oedipomidas oedipus were not satisfactory. Livers of rufiventer marmosets produced satisfactory CR326 strain hepatitis A antigen for immune adherence tests both in amount and specificity. Rufiventer marmosets infected with human hepatitis A virus showed enzyme elevations and high titers of viral antigen in their livers as early as seven days after viral inoculation, indicating that a primary viral infection can cause hepatitis without need for a secondary autoimmune response to liver tissue.
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PMID:Tests in rufiventer and other marmosets of susceptibility to human hepatitis A virus. 20 58

Nine episodes of a unique short-incubation form of hepatitis were observed during five years in six hemophilic children after infusion with commercial factor VIII concentrate prepared by two different manufacturers. Five patients with a single episode had no previous infusion for 14 months to 14 years. One patient with several episodes had no previous infusion for at least seven months preceding each episode. The illness was mild and self-limited. No seroconversions to cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, toxoplasmosis, or hepatitis A virus occurred. Acute hepatitis B virus infection was also excluded. The findings suggest the presence of one or more non-A, non-B hepatitis agents associated with factor VIII concentrates.
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PMID:Transfusion-related short-incubation hepatitis in hemophilic patients. 21 Mar 2


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