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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Discussions having lately raised the importance of rest in the treatment of viral hepatitis the authors report some studies made on the subject. They take into account 3 personal unpublished statistics analyzing the role of effort at 3 different stages -- in the acute phase, during convalescence and as an eventual factor producing aggravation. Although their results appear to be in contradiction with those found in American studies the authors show that the importance of rest in the initial phase is unanimously recognized and that there is no statistical evidence that such a prescription should be given up before the normalization of the main biological parameters. Furthermore though it is statistically proved that a certain activity between the 30th and 60th day does not affect the later course of the disease yet there is no element which allows to authorize the patient to resume his normal professionnal activity before the 60th day. Finally the lack of controlled studies does not allow any precise determination of the impact of effort in the determinism of an eventual aggravation. However according to the authors' experience physical tiredness can legitimately be suspected to have produced this aggravation in 47.06 % of cases of a secondarily aggravated hepatitis.
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PMID:[Effect of rest on the course of viral hepatitis]. 17 63

Pattern of hepatomegaly in Lusaka is studied. It appears that toxic hepatitis, viral hepatitis, hepatoma, cirrhosis and schistomasis play a major part in our set up in producing hepatic pathology.
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PMID:Hepatomegaly in Lusaka. 17 19

Hepatitis A antigen (HA Ag) was purified from feces collected during acute illness from patients with naturally occurring viral hepatitis, type A. Positive fecal specimens were identified by immune electron microscopy, but for detection of HA Agduring purification immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA) and microtiter solid-phase radioimmunoassay were used. Isopycnic banding in cesium chloride, rate-zonal separation in sucrose, and preparative zonal electrophoresis were used in various combinations for successive purification, and the purified antigen was successfully used in a test for antibody by IAHA. Seronconversions to HA Ag were demonstrated by IAHA in 20 instances of hepatitis A virus infection, but in none of six cases of type B hepatitis or three cases of post-transfusion hepatitis unrelated to heaptitis A or B viruses, nor in two individuals without hepatitis. In addition, the temporal pattern of antibody development during type A hepatitis was studied in serial sera from an experimentally infected chimpanzee. Antibody titers by IAHA correlated well with antibody ratings determined by immune electron microscopy.
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PMID:Purification of hepatitis A antigen from feces and detection of antigen and antibody by immune adherence hemagglutination. 17 97

Since 1961, viral hepatitis has been recognized as an occupational hazard among handlers of newly imported chimpanzees and other nonhuman primates. To determine whether previously reported cases were caused by human viral hepatitis type A, we tested paired serum samples from two outbreaks for antibody to hepatitis A antigen (anti-HA) by immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA), recently available test. In both outbreaks, one of hepatitis transmitted from chimpanzee to man (Michigan, 1964), the second from chimpanzee to chimpanzee, man, and woolly monkey (Connecticut, 1971), serologic data documented recent hepatitis A virus infection among contacts-human and nonhuman primate-of implicated chimpanzees. This confirms serologically a previously noted epidemiologic association between nonhuman primate-associated hepatitis and human viral hepatitis, type A.
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PMID:Nonhuman primate-associated viral hepatitis type A. Serologic evidence of hepatitis A virus infection. 18 Mar 3

Morphologically similar hepatitis A antigen particles (HA Ag)3 have been detected in the stools of patients with type A hepatitis and in the livers of marmosets experimentally infected with hepatitis A virus. To investigate the humoral antibody responses to these antigens and to compare the immunologic properties of HA Ag from these two sources, we immunized guinea pigs with either marmoset liver-derived HA Ag or with human stool-derived HA Ag in complete Freund's adjuvant and measured their antibody responses by immune electron microscopy (IEM) and immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA). Antibodies reacting with both hepatitis A antigens were elicited in both groups. As determined by IEM, no distinction was seen between the reaction of guinea pig antiserum to each HA Ag tested under code when reacted against either liver-derived or stool-derived HA Ag. Antibodies elicited to marmoset liver-derived HA Ag and human stool-derived HA Ag had similar end point dilution titers by IAHA when tested against either "light" density (1.34 g/cm3) or "heavy" density (1.40 g/cm3) stool-derived HA Ag or liver-derived HA Ag. Low levels of antibody to normal liver or stool control antigens were observed transiently but did not obscure the specific response to HA Ag. These data suggest that morphologically similar HA Ag particles from different sources and with different densities are immunologically similar and may be identical. In contrast to the heterogeneity of surface antigens of hepatitis B virus, the comparable immunogenicity and apparent antigenic homogeneity of HA Ags derived from various sources may simplify the approach to development of a vaccine against viral hepatitis, type A.
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PMID:Hepatitis A antigen isolated from liver and stool: immunologic comparison of antisera prepared in guinea pigs. 18 82

The development of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBSAg) and Botevgrad antigen (BA) was traced in 50 hepatitis patients. Migration inhibition test (MIT) was performed with purified HBSg and AB. Blood samples from every hepatitis patient were obtained at the beginning of the icteric phase, 10 days later and during convalescence. There was correlation between the two types of viral hepatitis and the type of cellular immune response. The development of CMI is associated with disappearance of HBSAg from the serum of hepatitis patients. CMI to HBSAg develops within 9-12 days after the onset of icterus and to BA during the first two days of icterus. There is a relationship between the persistence of HBSAg and CMI.
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PMID:[Development of cellular immunity in patients with viral hepatitis]. 18 10

We evaluated the causes of 30 episodes of acute viral hepatitis in 13 patients who had multiple attacks. Two (seven per cent) of 30 bouts were caused by hepatitis A virus, and 12 (40%) by hepatitis B virus. No patient, however, had more than one attack with the serologic characteristics of Type A or Type B disease. Thus, there were 16 bouts (53 per cent) not attributable to either of the two recognized hepatitis viruses. None of these "non-A, non-B" episodes, evaluated for infectious mononucleosis and cytomegalovirus infection, could be ascribed to either. From this evidence, therefore, it appears that the clinical syndrome of viral hepatitis is produced not only by the two viruses (hepatitis A virus and hepatitis B virus) recognized since the 1940's but also, in all probability, by two non-A, non-B agents.
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PMID:Mutliple hepatitis viruses in multiple attacks of acute viral hepatitis. 18 10

Defective T-lymphocyte E rosette (ER) function associated with viral hepatitis A and B may be due to mechanisms extrinsic or intrinsic to the target lymphocyte. The extrinsic defect is induced by an immunoregulatory plasma lipoprotein (RIF) and has the capacity to regenerate ER function in vitro. The intrinsic defect is refractory to regeneration and is not associated with RIF. Although both mechanisms occur with high frequency during the acute phase of viral hepatitis they tend to segregate in accordance with progression of hepatocellular injury at later stages of the disease. The extrinsic defect was observed in 7 out of 8 patients with longstanding chronic active hepatitis and in 10 out of 10 patients with unresolved hepatitis 12 wk after the onset of jaundice. In contrast, none of nine patients with resolved hepatitis had extrinsically defective ER function 12 wk after the onset of jaundice whereas eight of them displayed an intrinsic defect of ER function at that time. Among the various viral and liver diseases studied RIF appeared to be specific for hepatitis A and B viral infections. None of 64 sera from a variety of viral infections including Epstein-Barr virus cytomegalovirus mononucleosis with associated hepatitis nor 15 sera from patients with several chronic nonviral liver diseases were positive for RIF. RIF and its associated extrinsic defect in ER function therefore appear to correlate with a particular type of hepatocellular injury initiated by the hepatitis A and B viruses that may have a propensity for persistence and(or) progression to an aggressive form of chronic hepatitis.
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PMID:Extrinsic modulation of human T-lymphocyte E rosette function associated with prolonged hepatocellular injury after viral hepatitis. 18 20

An epidemic of viral hepatitis type A in an arctic area is described. From 1970-1974, 4961 clinical cases of hepatitis were reported in Greenland, corresponding to 11 per cent of the total population. Epidemiologic surveillance indicated person-to-person transmission of the disease, apparently by the oralfecal route. The course of the disease was mild, and complications were rare with a case fatality rate of 0.3%. Ninety-three per cent of the cases occurred in individuals 1-25 years of age, suggesting widespread immunity in the adult population presumably due to infection with hepatitis A during a similar epidemic in 1947-1948. The occurrence of antibody to hepatitis A antigen (anti-HA) in healthy Greenlanders, as detected by radioimmunoassay, closely paralleled this observation. Anti-HA was present in 38 (93%) of 41 individuals born before 1948 and in one (3%) of 29 younger persons. Anti-HA also was detected during the epidemic in the sera of 25 randomly selected hepatitis cases. Immunoglobin analysis in three acute-phase sera showed anti-HA reactivity predominantly in the IgM fraction. The epidemic showed no relation to the hepatitis episodes occurring annually in the area, and seroepidemiologic data indicated that the endemic hepatitis may be caused by hepatitis B virus only.
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PMID:Hepatitis Ain Greenland: importance of specific antibody testing in epidemiologic surveillance. 18

Stool specimens, collected from 8 children with viral hepatitis [5 of type A, presumably, and 3 of type B (HBsAg-positive)] during the acute phase, were examined in the electron microscope. The presence of 27-nm virus-like particles, aggregated by the convalescent serum of a chimpanzee infected with MS-1 and not by the serum of the same animal drawn before infection, was detected by immune electron microscopy (IEM) in the stools of 3 out of the 5 children with suspected hepatitis A. The virus-like particles (HA-Ag) present in the stools were aggregated by the serum drawn from the corresponding subject during convalescence and not by that obtained in the acute phase of the disease. Employing as antigen a stool particle preparation purified by isopycnic banding in cesium cloride, it was pointed out that, in all 5 children with suspected hepatitis A, antibodies capable to cause the aggregation of HA-Ag particles, appeared. Anti-HA antibodies turned out to be present also in three lots of commercial immunoglobulins. In the three subjects with type B hepatitis (HBsAg-positive) neither virus-like particles with a 27-nm diameter were observed, nor anti-HA antibodies appeared in the convalescent serum.
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PMID:Virus-like antigen associated with hepatitis A: investigations in children's acute hepatitis. 18 87


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