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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

As the population increases, older people have the opportunity to travel for longer periods and to destinations that are quite different from what they are used to. Older people do indeed have more ongoing medical issues and some limitations due to the aging process. Most of the time these chronic conditions are not a contraindication to travel. Preparing for travel frequently involves starting an exercise program, updating routine immunizations such as tetanus, pneumonia, and influenza as well as getting destination specific immunizations such as hepatitis, yellow fever and typhoid. Medications should be reviewed as they relate to altitude, climate and concurrent travel medications including malaria prophylaxis. There are many organizations and foundations that deal with travel and specific medical problems such as diabetes, asthma, dialysis and for those with spinal cord injuries. The traveler would be wise to seek the advice of specialists related to their specific medical condition as well as a travel medical physician. One should also be sure that their medical insurance would cover them in a foreign country.
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PMID:The elderly travellers. 1688 43

Shellfish culture is a major sector of aquaculture production worldwide, and zoonoses and drug residues associated with shellfish farm practice are of concern to public health. This paper focuses on three of the most important shellfish species: molluscs, crabs and shrimp. Although many diseases can affect shellfish, they do not appear to be transmittable to humans. Rather, the main hazards are associated with the methods used to farm the different species. The risk to human health from shellfish most commonly relates to contamination by biotoxins produced by marine algae. Another well-recognised problem associated with shellfish culture is the contamination of shellfish with domestic sewage that contains human pathogenic bacteria and viruses, which causes diseases such as typhoid fever and hepatitis. In shrimp farming, the main potential food safety hazards are zoonoses, chemical contamination and veterinary drug residues. Untreated effluent from shrimp farms is a major concern to the environmental sector as it is known to promote plankton blooms if directly discharged into natural water sources.
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PMID:Problems associated with shellfish farming. 1709 2

With the overall increase in international travel, there is likely to be an increase in travel during pregnancy as well. In developing countries, pregnant women face exposures that can add significant risk for neonatal morbidity and mortality. Infections that can occur in utero or in the early neonatal period include malaria, yellow fever, tuberculosis, hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus, leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, rubella, typhoid fever, leptospirosis, dengue fever, Helicobacter pylori, and trypanosomiasis. When travel and potential exposure cannot be avoided, preventive measures are usually effective. Pretravel consultation should include careful discussion of length of travel, antimalarial prophylaxis, insect avoidance, food and water hygiene, vaccination, and body fluid precautions.
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PMID:Congenital infections associated with international travel during pregnancy. 1736 82

About 10% of the travellers are ill after return. The most common diseases diagnosed in returning travellers are more often of cosmopolitan than exotic origin. These diseases are mostly infections and involve the digestive and the respiratory tract, and the skin. Thus a history of travel should not systematically orients towards an exotic disease. Indeed these latter diseases are less commonly diagnosed even in the subgroup of febrile patients. Nonetheless some of these diseases can be fatal whereas other are associated with a risk of transmission in hospital units or in the community. Subsequently a history of travel also warrants taking into account exotic diseases in ill patients. The most common of these diseases are malaria, arthropod-born viral diseases, viral A and B hepatitis, typhoid fever, and intestinal tract infections. Their prevention relies on vaccinations, adequate chemoprophylaxis of malaria, compliance with the rules of personal and food hygiene and avoidance of arthropod exposure.
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PMID:[Common diseases after travel in tropical countries]. 1763 1

Feco-oral route is the most common mode of transmission for both enteric fever and hepatitis A and E, and thus infection by these agents may occur concurrently especially in tropical endemic areas like India. In this scenario, there occurs a diagnostic dilemma with respect to differentiation from 'typhoid hepatitis', the hepatic manifestations of typhoid fever. We herein present such a case and discuss pertinent issues.
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PMID:Typhoid fever and viral hepatitis. 1938 13

Typhoid fever due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella typhi has been extensively reported. We present an imported case (from Bangladesh) of typhoid fever with typhoid hepatitis due to an MDR S typhi strain with clinically delayed response or reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone. The relevant clinical and public health implications are discussed.
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PMID:Imported typhoid fever with hepatitis from Bangladesh: a case of delayed response to ceftriaxone? 1900 14

Intrarenal abscesses remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality as well as a diagnostic dilemma because a plethora of microorganisms can cause this condition. A definitive diagnosis is made by demonstrating the organisms from the aspirate and the success or failure of therapy depends upon the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern. Enteric fever is a multisystem disorder caused by invasive strains of salmonella. Salmonellosis continues to be a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. Classic enteric fever is caused by S. typhi and usually less severe enteric fevers are caused by S. paratyphi A, B, or C. However, at times S. paratyphi is capable of causing serious and often life-threatening infections like infective endocarditis, pericarditis, empyma, sino-venous thrombosis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, bone marrow infiltration, hepatitis and pancreatitis. There are anecdotal case reports in world literature of abscesses being caused by this organism. Renal involvement like bacteriuria, nephrotic syndrome and acute renal failure have been reported due to S. parayphi A. S. paratyphi A has never been implicated in renal abscess, we report one such case that was managed successfully with medical therapy.
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PMID:Isolation of Salmonella paratyphi A from renal abscess. 1913 4

Within living memory of some of us, liver disease was a Cinderella subject. If you look up the first edition of the standard medical textbook of the time, Sir William Osler's 'Principles and Practice of Medicine', published in 1892, you will find a mere 24 of its 1079 pages devoted to the liver, compared with 38 pages on typhoid fever alone; and matters hardly changed throughout the first half of the 20th century. Although 'cirrhosis' and 'hepatitis' were well recognised conditions when I was a house surgeon in 1948, their classification, aetiologies, detailed pathology and management were little understood, while laboratory investigations of the liver diseases were few and non-specific.
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PMID:Dame Sheila Sherlock: pioneer in liver diseases. 1947 89

In 100 consecutive children aged below 18 years with confirmed typhoid fever, 29 had moderate hepatitis. Serum alanine amino transferase: lactate dehydrogenase (ALT: LDH) ratios of these 29 children at the time of hospitalization were compared with that of 29 children with acute viral hepatitis. The serum ALT: LDH ratio levels (expressed in multiples of upper limit of normal) was found to be less than 9 in typhoid hepatitis and more than 9 in acute viral hepatitis. Serum ALT: LDH ratio helps to differentiate typhoid hepatitis from acute viral hepatitis.
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PMID:Serum ALT: LDH ratio in typhoid fever and acute viral hepatitis. 1967 47

Typhoid fever is a very common infectious disease, particularly in developing countries such as Sri Lanka. Although multiple organs are known to be affected by the disease, hepatic involvement could be considered the most important as studies have showed that it is associated with a higher relapse rate. We report a young patient who presented with fever and jaundice and found to have cholestatic hepatitis secondary to typhoid fever.
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PMID:Cholestatic hepatitis in a patient with typhoid fever - a case report. 2198 51


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