Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Documented typhoid fever in a 26-year-old patient was complicated by acute hepatitis with unusually profound jaundice. Liver biopsy revealed focal cell necrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration. Kupffer cell proliferation, and mild cholestasis. Immunofluorescent studies of the liver biopsy revealed deposits of IgG, IgA, IgM, and C3 in the bile canaliculi, suggesting a role for damage by immune complexes in typhoid hepatitis.
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PMID:Typhoid hepatitis with immunoglobulins and complement deposits in bile canaliculi. 705 16

Out of 130 children under 12 years of age with a diagnosis of typhoid fever, nine were under two years of age; the youngest was five months old. Six patients were males and the most frequent findings were: high fever, poor physical condition, vomiting, diarrhea, malnutrition, dehydration, meteorism, liver and spleen enlargement, cough, bleeding disorders and central nervous system abnormalities which were suggestive of sepsis. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed in all patients through the isolation of Salmonella typhi in blood cultures. The Widal reaction showed higher than 1/160 "O" and "H" agglutinin titers in five out of six patients in which it was performed. Neutrophilia was observed in all cases, with a shift to the left in five of them. Anemia was present in all of them. The following complications were found: hepatitis (1 case), hepatitis and meningitis (1 case), bronchopneumonia (1 case), and bleeding abnormalities (4 cases). Two of the patients died; the deaths were attributed to late diagnosis and insufficient antibiotic treatment.
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PMID:[Typhoid fever in children under 2 years of age]. 727 78

Typhoid fever is endemic in developing countries and may cause very different clinical findings. Although hepatic involvement and abnormal liver function tests may be seen in 50% of the patients, intravascular hemolysis and renal involvement are rare. In this report, a 10-year-old patient with enteric fever presenting with hepatitis, severe intravascular hemolysis and glomerulonephritis is presented. To see all of these findings together in a patient with typhoid fever is very rare and may cause diagnostic difficulties.
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PMID:Typhoid fever with very high transaminase levels. 759 69

While typhoid is quite common in our environment, presentation in association with severe hepatitis and hepatic encephalopathy is uncommon. The case of a 14 year old male with typhoid who presented with jaundice and severe hepatitis with encephalopathy is presented. The first symptoms occurred one week before presentation. The clinical features and laboratory investigations confirmed typhoid fever. The associated severe hepatitis could have been related to a direct liver involvement by Salmonella typhi, drug toxicity or hepatitis B infection from previous indiscriminate parenteral drugs. The specific cause of the hepatitis could not be confirmed. The patient is presented to illustrate a rare association and possible complication of typhoid fever, inappropriate self and other medication in the place of proper hospital presentation and assessment and the diagnostic difficulties confronting many centres in the developing environment.
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PMID:Typhoid fever associated with severe hepatitis. 783 18

The authors describe a clinical case of Multiple Organ Failure (MOF). Such a pathology was reported, at admission in ICU, in a young woman aged 26 who was in the 30th week of amenorrhoea, formerly hospitalized in Obstetrics, where she had had a Caesarean section because of the met of eclamptic crisis, after a pregnancy substantially normal. At the moment of her admission to the ICU the examination highlighted the sense organ obnubilated, the breath dyspnoic, a systolic and diastolic hypotension and a tachycardia of medium seriousness. From laboratory examinations it was possible to maintain that there was a serious anemia with white cells raised, a coagulative imbalance and above all a serious alteration of hepatic and pancreatic function. The creatininemia had increased a bit, a clear contraction of diuresis was present and a considerable metabolic acidosis had become intelled. Therefore the patient was affected by multiple organ failure. In successive days it was possible to execute an EEG that proved substantially normal, then a Computer Tomography to abdomen showed the presence of vast areas of hepatic necrosis, ascitic hemorrhagic fluid and a volume increased pancreas. Hepatitis markers proved negative, while a positive response was achieved for a typhoid infection (this result was reconfirmed many times later.) Modifying the antibiotic therapy (substituting full dose ampicillin to the cephalosporin) the clinical case was solved. Moreover, also thanks to a very good answer to antibiotic therapy, it was possible to confirm the diagnosis of typhoid fever, not gestosis.
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PMID:[Multiple organ failure in pre-term pregnancy: gestosis and/or typhoid fever?]. 798 17

Israel experienced a large number of waterborne disease outbreaks between 1975 and 1985, followed by a steep decline in the period 1986-92. Large-scale community waterborne disease outbreaks occurred primarily in the late 1970s, and in 1985 (the Krayot, four small towns neighboring Haifa), but substantial outbreaks occurred as late as 1989, with 4 during 1986-90, and 1 during 1991-92. New water standards, including mandatory chlorination of all community water supplies, came into effect in late 1988. Water quality, as monitored by the Ministry of Health, showed a marked improvement even when measured by the more stringent standards of the 1988 regulations. Long-term trends in the total of reported enteric infectious diseases from all sources, including typhoid, hepatitis, Shigella and Salmonella in Israel are examined. Typhoid, which has been declining since the 1960s, peaked in 1985 with the large waterborne disease episode of the Krayot. Shigella and total hepatitis incidence increased slowly up to the mid-1970s, followed by large increases during the 1975-85 period, then by a rapid decline up to 1991. Shigella, from childhood contacts in kindergartens, increased in 1992. Salmonella incidence continues to increase steadily. Mandatory chlorination and more stringent water standards have had an important impact on water quality and on waterborne disease outbreaks in Israel. Empiric evidence suggests that improving water quality may also be a factor in the changing patterns of some enteric diseases and the total burden of enteric disease in Israel.
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PMID:Water quality, waterborne disease and enteric disease in Israel, 1976-92. 830 Mar 87

Multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi has spread to many parts of India, causing severe therapeutic problems. Of the 305 clinically suspected cases of enteric fever seen at Kasturba Hospital in Manipal, Karnataka between January 1990 and June 1991, Salmonella bacteremia was detected in 134 patients; 102 of these were caused by S. typhi. Eighty (78.4%) of the isolates from S. typhi-infected patients were resistant to conventional antibiotics used in the treatment of typhoid fever (i.e., ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). No in vitro resistance was observed to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and gentamicin. Major complications were seen in four patients infected by multiresistant S. typhi; three responded well to ciprofloxacin. The fourth patient died of hemorrhage and acute renal failure, even after receiving ciprofloxacin. In addition, less severe complications such as hepatitis and jaundice were observed in 12 other patients. Seventy-six of the multiresistant S. typhi belonged to phage type O biotype II and four were of untypeable Vi strains. The emergence of multidrug-resistant S. typhi has necessitated the use of fluoroquinolones in the therapy for enteric fever.
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PMID:Emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi in rural southern India. 842 78

A dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which uses a proteinase-K resistant antigen (PK-Dot-ELISA) to detect antileptospiral IgM antibodies was compared to the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The assay was evaluated in serum samples from patients with leptospirosis (n = 89), typhoid fever (n = 10), malaria (n = 19), syphilis (n = 20), hepatitis (n = 16) and clinically healthy individuals (n = 92). The PK-Dot-ELISA presented a sensitivity of 92.1% and a specificity of 97.5%. The overall results of the PK-Dot-ELISA were similar to those of the MAT. However, the PK-Dot-ELISA was capable of detecting antibody activity in 43% of acute-phase sera which were negative by the MAT. Our data suggest that PK-Dot-ELISA can be used as an important portable field serodiagnostic assay for acute leptospirosis.
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PMID:Dot-ELISA for human leptospirosis employing immunodominant antigen. 854 30

The liver is commonly involved in patients with typhoid fever. However, severe hepatic derangement simulating acute viral hepatitis is rare. Our aim was to characterize the clinical picture, biochemical features, and prognosis of Salmonella hepatitis. Retrospective case-control analysis of medical records included 27 patients with Salmonella hepatitis and 27 inpatients with acute viral hepatitis from 1973 to 1993. Travel history, clinical picture, a standard battery of 18 biochemical tests, complete blood counts, disease complications, duration of hospital admission, and final outcome were analyzed. Eleven patients with Salmonella hepatitis (40%) travelled abroad within 1 month of illness. A greater proportion of Salmonella hepatitis patients developed fever > 104 degrees (44% vs. 4%, respectively; P < .0001), and had relative bradycardia (42% vs. 4%, respectively; P < .002) than viral hepatitis patients. Salmonella hepatitis was associated with lower peak serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase, and higher peak serum alkaline phosphatase (296 vs. 3,234 U/L, 535 vs. 2,844 U/L, and 500 vs. 228 U/dL, respectively; P < .0001, <.0003, and <.004). The admission ALT/lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) ratio, when levels of both enzymes were expressed as multiples of upper limit of normal value for each, was significantly lower in Salmonella hepatitis. All Salmonella hepatitis cases had a ratio < 4, and all viral hepatitis cases had a ratio > 5, P < .0001. Left shift of white blood cells was more common in Salmonella hepatitis (83% vs. 37%; P < .004). Patients with Salmonella hepatitis had a longer hospitalization (14.8 vs. 6.5 days, respectively; P < .0001). All 54 patients survived their illness. The clinical picture of Salmonella hepatitis is frequently indistinguishable from viral hepatitis. The admission ALT/LDH ratio is the best discriminator between both entities. Other clues that raise the possibility of Salmonella hepatitis include high fever, relative bradycardia, and left shift of WBCs. Despite long hospitalization, Salmonella hepatitis responds to proper antibiotic therapy and has an excellent prognosis.
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PMID:Salmonella hepatitis: analysis of 27 cases and comparison with acute viral hepatitis. 878 16

Epidemic emergencies have shown increasing trend in India and most parts of the country appear to be vulnerable to these emergencies. In this paper we present a profile of epidemic emergencies attended by the National Institute of Communicable Diseases in the last five years, to delineate aspects that will promote better preparedness and management. Water borne and water related disease epidemics constituted more than 70% of the epidemic emergencies in India. Non 01 cholera epidemics constituted one fourth of total cholera epidemics during 1991-95. Most of the hepatitis outbreaks were attributed to Non A Non B. The source of infection in majority of the cholera and jaundice epidemics was contaminated water. Dengue and resistant typhoid fever were among other emergencies reported during last five years. Some of these epidemic were reported to local health authorities as mysterious diseases due to lack of public health laboratory facilities. Encephalitis and encephalitis like epidemics in the form of Liquor poisoning and chronic Heat syndrome encephalopathy were also observed. The re-emerging disease epidemics like plague in Beed, Pneumonic plague in Surat and malaria in Rajasthan were also investigated during 1994. These observations indicate the weakness in the epidemiological and laboratory surveillance besides inadequacy in water management practices and other socio environmental reasons.
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PMID:Profile of epidemic emergencies in India during 1991-95. 881 Jan 49


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