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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two cases of typhoid hepatitis are being reported. Both the patients presented with jaundice, high fever, toxaemia, abdominal distension, diarrhoea, coating of tongue and hepatomegaly. Significant Widal titres were observed and LFT were grossly altered in both. Blood culture yielded Salmonella typhi in each case. Both the cases were treated with chloramphenicol and made uneventful recovery.
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PMID:Typhoid hepatitis: two case reports. 281 8

Four cases of typhoid fever with unusual hepatic manifestations are described. Two cases had hepatitis and two had hepatic abscess. These complications are documented for the first time in the pediatric age group. Awareness of these rare manifestations may be helpful in avoiding unnecessary morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:Typhoid fever. Unusual hepatic manifestations. 291 18

Thirty six patients with culture-proven enteric fever and 15 patients of fever with etiology other than enteric fever as a control group were studied, with special reference to hepatic dysfunction and its relation to clinical features of the disease. Hepatomegaly was observed in 55% of enteric fever patients, and was slightly more common than splenomegaly (50%). Its incidence in typhoid fever (67%) was three times higher than in paratyphoid fever (22%). Hepatic dysfunction occurred in 55% of cases. Jaundice was noted in only 8% of the cases, whereas hyperbilirubinemia (serum bilirubin greater than 1.8 mg %) was present in 17%. Although hepatic manifestations of enteric fever were mild, a small but important group had sufficient hepatic involvement to mimick the clinical picture seen in viral hepatitis, amebic liver disease, and malaria with jaundice. It may be considered of clinical significance, since enteric hepatitis responds very well to specific therapy.
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PMID:The spectrum of hepatic injury in enteric fever. 312 48

Travel to the developing world by U.S. citizens has been increasing. Exposure to illnesses such as travelers' diarrhea, malaria, and vaccine-preventable diseases challenges the internist to provide pre-travel advice. Each traveler's itinerary, duration of stay and medical history, including previous immunizations, should be reviewed. Immunizations that may be required by individual countries, such as yellow fever and cholera, may then be administered. Immunizations for diseases such as hepatitis, typhoid fever, and meningococcal disease can be given according to the type of exposure within each country. Restricting a traveler's diet to cooked foods and purified, carbonated, or heated beverages may prevent travelers' diarrhea and other enteric infections. Most travelers will want to carry medications to treat diarrhea promptly. Malaria is prevented by avoiding mosquitos, taking safe and appropriate anti-malarials and treating malaria if it occurs. Preparation before travel may prevent medical complications.
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PMID:Health advice for international travel. 261 18

North American mission boards were surveyed to identify and prioritize missionary medical problems and determine initiatives for improving health. Malaria was the most common nontrivial medical complaint, and viral hepatitis the most serious. Nevertheless, only 72 percent of boards recommend malaria prophylaxis, 57 percent ascribe to regular immune globulin use, and 31 percent advocate hepatitis B immunization. Sub-Saharan Africa was considered the region of the world where missionary health was most in peril. Besides strategies to minimize the risks of malaria and hepatitis, recommendations for improving missionary health include greater use of rabies and typhoid vaccines; increased attention to mental health concerns and accident prevention, particularly seat belt use; increased health education regarding both clinical issues and public health principles; improved scheduling for relaxation and family time; and greater availability of comprehensive health services before departing, while abroad, and upon returning from an overseas assignment.
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PMID:Missionary health: the great omission. 345 73

Travelers to developing countries participated in a follow-up study of the health risks associated with short (less than three months) visits to these nations. Travelers to the Greek or Canary Islands served as a control cohort. Participants completed a questionnaire to elicit information regarding pretravel vaccinations, malaria prophylaxis, and health problems during and after their journey. Relevant infections were confirmed by the respondent's personal physician. The questionnaire was completed by 10,524 travelers; the answer rate was 73.8%. After a visit to developing countries, 15% of the travelers reported health problems, 8% consulted a doctor, and 3% were unable to work for an average of 15 days. The incidence of infection per month abroad was as follows: giardiasis, 7/1,000; amebiasis, 4/1,000; hepatitis, 4/1,000; gonorrhea, 3/1,000; and malaria, helminthiases, or syphilis, less than 1/1,000. There were no cases of typhoid fever or cholera.
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PMID:Health problems after travel to developing countries. 359 28

During 1984-5 this continuing survey showed that 41 infections occurred in the staff of 193 laboratories, representing 23,043.5 person years of exposure. The community was the probable source of two cases each of hepatitis A and B, one of tuberculosis, two of campylobacter enteritis, and 12 of Norwalk viral diarrhoea. Occupational exposure was the probable cause of six hepatitis B infections (affecting haematology, biochemistry, and microbiology staff), three of tuberculosis (affecting mortuary and morbid anatomy workers), seven shigella, three salmonella (including one typhoid) and one pseudocholera infection (all in microbiology medical laboratory scientific officers), and a streptococcal infection in a mortuary technician. An episode of hepatitis of uncertain cause affected a carrier of hepatitis B. The incidence of reported infections of all types was 178 per 100,000 person years (91 for infections of suspected occupational origin). The highest incidence was in morbid anatomy and mortuary workers, followed by microbiology medical laboratory scientific officers.
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PMID:Infections in British clinical laboratories, 1984-5. 365 83

Patients usually provisionally diagnosed as having typhoid fever or pneumonia are regularly admitted to the Rietfontein Fever Hospital suffering from psittacosis. The main symptoms are intense headache, chills and fever and an irritating non-productive cough. Later most patients develop signs of pneumonitis most clearly seen on radiographic examination. An important clue to the diagnosis is a history of contact with birds, most often budgerigars and more recently cockatiels. The diagnosis may be confirmed by the isolation of Chlamydia psittaci, the causative organism, but more usually reliance is placed on the results of serological tests revealing the development of chlamydial antibodies. None of the patients in this series developed serious complications, but if not treated psittacosis sufferers may develop severe pneumonitis, hepatitis and gastro-enteritis; the mortality rate is up to 20%. A rare but fatal complication is chlamydial endocarditis, presenting with the signs and symptoms of subacute bacterial endocarditis, but giving repeated negative blood cultures. The illness responds specifically to treatment with tetracycline antibiotics within 48 hours. Chlamydial infections are widespread among avian species. In the RSA most cases of psittacosis have resulted from contact with budgerigars and cockatiels, but outbreaks have been associated with imported batches of birds including South American parrots and Australian finches, emphasizing the need for vigilance at seaports.
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PMID:Psittacosis in the RSA. 370 61

Notwithstanding the deficiencies in reporting, an attempt is made in the present study to provide some useful information on the importance of the communicable diseases in the world over the decade 1957-58 to 1967-68. In this period health authorities in the developing countries almost invariably reported communicable diseases as their main public health problems, whereas, in the developed countries, the only communicable diseases still considered as public health problems were tuberculosis, venereal diseases, and hepatitis. In the developing countries nearly half of the principal causes of death were communicable diseases, and in both the developing and developed countries respiratory infections ranked high on the list. Deaths from tuberculosis have come down markedly in the developed countries and to a lesser degree in the developing countries. Infectious diseases of childhood are no longer a problem in the developed countries but are still important in the developing countries. The communicable diseases of importance to the developing countries may be divided into two groups-those requiring long-term development for their solution (e.g., dysentery, typhoid fever, parasitic diseases, and respiratory infections) and those that would respond rapidly to control by such methods as immunization.
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PMID:Some observations on the communicable diseases as public health problems. 454 51

Typhoid fever is always endemic in Ivory Coast. Among the various visceral injuries able to arrive during the course of the illness, a study of hepatic manifestations realized in 279 patients show, by the realization of systematic LBP, that, beside clinically and/or biologically certain forms, an hepatic injury is histologically constant. Aetiological, clinical, biological, diagnostic and therapeutic particularities connected with the hepatic localizations are considered and compared with findings of other authors. To remark, in Ivory Coast, on one hand the great predominance of Eberth bacillus aetiology, on the other hand the lack of statistically significative relation with drepanocytary waste. The pathogenic signification of the constancy of the hepatic injury and its peculiar histological pattern of non specific reactive hepatitis is discussed.
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PMID:[Hepatic manifestations in typhoid fever (author's transl)]. 624 6


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