Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adequate attention to prevention of cross-contamination in dental operatory is largely ignored by orthodontists. This occurs for two principal reasons. The first one is that orthodontic patients, usually children, are erroneously considered a low-risk population. The second one is that orthodontic procedures are usually considered nontissue invasive and not able to produce contamination of staff, patients or instruments. Nevertheless, since 1972, we know that we can find HBsAg in saliva too and moreover we cannot exclude to see blood in the mouth of our patients during orthodontic procedures. Furthermore the high volume of patients that orthodontists see every day and the possibility to treat orthodontically adult patients, take the risk of cross-contamination in orthodontic at the same level of other dental practices. The aim of the Authors is to sensitize orthodontists to the risk of cross-contamination giving the latest data of prevalence of hepatitis, tuberculosis and AIDS in adolescent population.
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PMID:[Infection control in orthodontics: infective agents and modality of transmission. 1]. 264 Sep 47

Over the 12 years since the first introduction of interferon for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, progress has apparently been slow. Nevertheless, it now appears that at least one third of chronic hepatitis virus carriers, particularly those with more severe disease, and a similar, perhaps greater, proportion of those with chronic parenteral non-A, non-B hepatitis, can be successfully treated with alpha-interferon. In the not too distant future, controlled trials of alpha-interferons in these situations will be complete and they will be a yardstick by which other future therapies can be judged. Already a number of trials are in progress to determine which agents might, in addition to interferon, augment the response rates. The situation clinically is analogous to that for tuberculosis in the 1950s and for cancer chemotherapy only a decade or so ago. The prospects of prevention of the progression to cirrhosis, and perhaps in the long term reduction in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma, are exciting, and with the introduction of a number of new cytokines available through recombinant technology, each with novel antiviral activities, the future prospects are exciting indeed.
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PMID:Treatment of acute and chronic viral hepatitis. 265 45

We report on the first trial in the Republic of Ireland to look at chemotherapy for TB. This management trial, carried out in single unit, which treats a third of all TB cases in the Republic of Ireland compared to effectiveness of a three drug/nine month regimen (Rifampicin (R), Isoniazed (R), supplemented with Ethambutol (E) for the first two months = RHE9) with a four drug six months regimen (R, H supplemented with E and Pyrazinamide (Z) for the first two months = RHEZ6). Two hundred and eighty eight patients (288) were entered into the study. A total of 143, (76 were in the RHE9 group and 67 in the RHEZ6 group) completed the trial as planned. At the end of the third month, significantly more patients in the RHEZ6 regimen (98%) were culture negative compared to the RHE9 regimen (88%). All were culture negative at the end of chemotherapy. Drug intolerance was seen in 35 (12%) patients with no significant difference in hepatitis between the two regimens. Toxicity from Pyrazinamide was minimal. One hundred and forty five (145) patients were invalid for analysis for the following reason:- bacteriologically negative TB (41), drug intolerance (35), death (23), non-compliance (19), diagnosis not TB (10), drug resistance (7), extrapulmonary disease (4), consent withdrawn (3), Mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (3). All patients are being followed to monitor relapse rates.
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PMID:Short course chemotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. A randomised controlled trial of a six month versus a nine month oral regimen. 266 39

Rifampin can be associated with severe adverse effects such as hepatitis, acute renal failure, hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia has traditionally been associated with intermittent therapy. This article reports the occurrence of rifampin-associated thrombocytopenia in an indigent patient after a four-month lapse in therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient's platelet count dropped rapidly to a level of 1000/mm3 after receiving a single 600 mg dose of rifampin. After returning to a normal level of greater than 100,000/mm3, the patient's platelets again dropped to 1200/mm3 with readministration of rifampin. The long-term therapy necessary to eradicate the Mycobacterium tuberculosis organism makes economic considerations important. This patient and other indigent patients who may be poor compliers because they are unable to buy the necessary medication may be at a higher risk for adverse reactions.
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PMID:Rifampin-associated thrombocytopenia secondary to poor compliance. 272 26

A case of brucellosis associated with peritonitis, intestinal obstruction, granulomatous hepatitis, inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion and meningitis is reported. Initially, the patient was diagnosed as a case of disseminated tuberculosis and treated accordingly. However, the serologic tests for brucellosis were strongly positive and the patient was subsequently treated as a case of brucellosis and recovered fully. The gastrointestinal manifestations of brucellosis are reviewed.
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PMID:Brucellosis: atypical presentation with peritonitis and meningitis. 276 62

To ascertain the incidence of infections in intravenous users of illicit drugs, we performed a retrospective study of 270 intravenous drug users (IVDUs) and 562 controls who did not use drugs over a seven-year period from 1978-1985. IVDUs had an increased overall incidence of infections (P less than 0.001) compared to controls, which was explained to a large degree by an increased incidence of hepatitis. Endocarditis and disseminated gonococcal infection were seen with increased frequency in IVDUs (P less than 0.05), but abscess and cellulitis were not. Neither acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), tuberculosis, Pneumocystis pneumonia, nor disseminated viral or fungal infection were seen in IVDUs or controls. Heroin users, but not other IVDUs, had an increased incidence of infections not thought to be associated with needle use, suggesting impaired immunity. This study demonstrates that IVDUs have an increased incidence of infection compared to control subjects, but the kinds of infections have changed substantially over the past two decades. The presence of opportunistic pathogens in these patients should suggest concurrent infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
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PMID:Increased incidence of infections in intravenous drug users. 278 3

Through the liver function analysis of 100 tuberculosis cases in the course of antituberculosis chemotherapy the authors found that the abnormal liver function rate turned to be 50% in the positive HBVM Group but only 2.4% in the negative, HBVM Group. There is a significant statistical difference between the two groups of cases (P less than 0.01). For this reason, the authors suggested the HBVM should be determined one by one before taking the antituberculosis chemotherapy in the area with high incidence of B-type hepatitis, the data indicated clearly that, the abnormal phenomena of liver function after the antituberculosis treatment for those patients, mainly caused by the drugs.
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PMID:[The impact of antituberculosis drugs upon liver function in patients with positive HBVM]. 279 Nov 29

A 24-year-old patient was admitted to our hospital because of vertigo, coldness and exercise-dependent pain in the left arm. She reported to have suffered from tuberculosis of the lung and a non-A-non-B hepatitis five years ago. Angiography of the aorta thoracica revealed a complete obstruction of the left arteria (a.) subclavia, stenosis of the a. carotis communis on both sides, of the a. carotis interna and the a. vertebralis on the left side as well as a non-detectable perfusion of the upper and medium segment of the left lung. ESR was elevated with 89/128 mm n.W., a hypochromic anaemia, thrombocytosis, hypalbuminaemia, elevation of alpha 2 and gammaglobulins in serum as well as a reduced quick value were found. AT III and protein C concentrations in plasma were also decreased, whereby protein C activity was reduced additionally. HLA-B-51 was positive. Takayasu's arteriitis was diagnosed by us. High-dose treatment with corticosteroids led to a considerable improvement of the clinical status and laboratory parameters of the patient. As this therapy was not associated with a normalization of protein C and AT III concentrations in plasma, protein C and AT III deficiency could be of significance in the development of Takayasu's arteriitis. Until now protein C and AT III deficiency were not described in patients with Takayasu's arteriitis.
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PMID:[A patient with Takayasu arteritis and protein C and AT III deficiency]. 288 94

Circulating immune complexes are thought to play an essential part in the pathogenesis of necrosing angiitis. This theory also allows a role to be attributed to certain infectious agents (viral, bacterial, parasitic) in the development of periarteritis nodosa (PAN). An infectious syndrome was found in all our 9 patients, aged 26 to 69 years, with histologically confirmed PAN: previous infection (over 15 days before hospital admission): otitis, hepatitis B, tonsillitis, ascaris (Case n.7), pulmonary tuberculosis, brucellosis, seropositivity for Chlamydia trachomatis (Case n.9), paratyphoid (Case n.5), seropositivity for Yersiniosis pseudo-tuberculosis (Case n.2), seropositivity for Chlamydia trachomatis (Cases 3 and 4), seropositivity for toxoplasmosis (Cases 4 and 6), seropositivity for rubella (Case n.8). Recent infection (less than 15 days before hospital admission): staphylococcus aureus septicaemia (Case n.1); Group A betahemolytic streptococcal urinary infection (Case n.2); Group A betahemolytic streptococcal otitis media; pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella septicaemia; enterococcal cystitis (Case n.4); progressive pulmonary tuberculosis (Case n.6), acinetobacter pneumonia (Case n.9). The HBs antigen was only found in one patient (Case n.6), who had an active hepatitis.
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PMID:[The role of infection in the precipitation of periarteritis nodosa]. 290 81

Patients with positive tuberculin reaction, abnormal chest radiograph, and negative bacteriology are often treated empirically for tuberculosis (TB) after exclusion of other causes. Therapy generally consists of two bactericidal drugs (rifampin [RIF] and isoniazid [INH]) for 9 months or INH for 9 to 12 months. With such a small bacillary population, even less therapy might suffice. Thus we began in January 1980 to discontinue therapy at 4 months when there was sufficient evidence of a paucity of bacilli demonstrated by at least three negative smears and cultures for TB at the start of therapy. To date, 452 such patients have been so treated. Radiographic abnormalities included pulmonary infiltration of varying extent, pleural residuals, and hilar adenopathy. The full course of therapy could not be completed in 38 (8.4%) patients due to death, relocation, or drug toxicity. Side effects of the drugs occurred in 21 (4.7%) patients, but toxic hepatitis occurred in only four (0.9%) patients. Thus, 414 patients completed the full 4-month course of therapy. Of these, 126 (30.4%) patients showed radiographic and/or clinical response suggesting active infection. The remainder showed no such improvement, suggesting either a mistake in diagnosis or dormant TB. During follow-up of the 414 patients from 6 to 78 months (median, 44 months), five (1.2%) patients relapsed: three among responders and two among nonresponders. Thus, among persons suspected of having TB but with negative bacteriology, 4 months of chemotherapy with INH and RIF gave results comparable to those achieved with 9 months of therapy in smear- and culture-positive cases.
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PMID:Smear- and culture-negative pulmonary tuberculosis: four-month short-course chemotherapy. 293 66


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