Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This survey of occupationally acquired infections in clinical laboratory workers was made by questionnaires to 306 hospitals in which 698 doctors and 8654 technicians worked. There were 177 probable infections during the previous decade (1979-88). In both doctors and technicians annual incidence rate of infection was 0.2% on an average. These included 77 cases of tuberculosis, 59 cases of HBV hepatitis, 24 cases of non-A, non-B hepatitis, 6 cases of rubella, 5 cases of HAV hepatitis, 2 cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia, one case of campylobacter enteritis, one case of paratyphus, one case of salmonellosis and one case of chicken pox. There were no fatal cases. In the recent two years the occurrence of HBV hepatitis among the clinical laboratory workers apparently has decreased, but tuberculosis and non-A, non-B hepatitis occurred unchangedly. Tuberculosis occurred frequently among the staff of the pathology laboratory (40 cases) and in bacteriology (25 cases), but rarely in biochemistry (3 cases) and in hematology (one case). On the other hand, HBV hepatitis occurred frequently among the staff of the biochemistry laboratory (33 cases) and in hematology (11 cases), but rarely in bacteriology (one case). These differences showed the existence of occupational exposure, but only 20% of these cases were due to recognized accidents. According to these results infection control practices for diminishing laboratory-associated infection must be performed.
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PMID:[Biohazard in clinical laboratories in Japan]. 206 4

Eighty cases of miliary tuberculosis admitted to our hospital between January 1981 and December 1984 were reviewed. The age of the patients ranged from 3 months to 12 years, with an average of 2 years 2 months (26.5 months). Nine cases (11.25%) died during hospitalization due to the severe condition at the time of admission. Only 8 patients (10%) were in good nutritional condition. Seventy-two patients (90%) had been visiting the primary health care clinic for several times since 2-3 months but were never diagnosed as suffering from tuberculosis. Fever or recurrent fever were found in 78 cases (97.5%), anorexia in 65 cases (81.3%), chronic and/or recurrent cough in 72 cases (90%) and malaise in 43 (53.8%). Forty-one (51.3%) denied the presence of a close contact with source of infection. Hepatomegaly was found in 44 cases (55%), 19 (23.8%) of which were associated with splenomegaly. Choroidal tubercle was found in 4 cases; 1 case with coxitis, 1 with brain tuberculoma, 1 with ascites, 1 with endobronchitis and 1 with hepatitis. Forty-three (53.8%) were tuberculin negatives, 24 of which become positives after treatment. Fourteen cases had BCG scar. History of measles was found in 21 cases. Children with longterm and recurrent fever, anorexia, decrease of body weight and recurrent cough should be suspected of having TB thus enabling to get an early diagnosis.
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PMID:Miliary tuberculosis in children. A clinical review. 207 67

We have shown in Arkansas that 9 months of therapy with isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF) can achieve lasting success in 95% of cases with sputum-smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. It seemed likely that when the tubercle bacilli were less numerous, i.e., could not be seen on microscopy, less therapy would suffice. Thus, in January 1980, we began giving only 6 months of treatment to patients in whom at least one sputum culture showed M. tuberculosis but at least three sputum smears showed no organisms. The regimen for adults is INH 300 mg and RIF 600 mg daily for 1 month followed by INH 900 mg and RIF 600 mg twice weekly for another 5 months. To date, 286 patients with an average age of 68.2 yr have been treated in this manner. Associated medical conditions were present as "risk factors" in 23.7%. The full course of therapy could not be completed in 75 patients (26.2%), largely because of side effects of the drugs and non-TB deaths in this group of elderly patients. Side effects of the drugs requiring change of drug(s) occurred in 33 patients (11.5%), but major side effects occurred in only eight (2.8%), four (1.4%) with toxic hepatitis and four with hematologic toxicity. The side effects in 25 patients (8.7%) were not life-threatening and were due to drug intolerance. Treatment failed during therapy in only one patient. The full 6-month course of therapy was completed by 211 patients. During follow-up from 3 to 107 months (median, 45 months), five of 211 patients (2.4%) relapsed, all with drug-susceptible organisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Smear-negative, culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Six-month chemotherapy with isoniazid and rifampin. 211 Nov 6

Hepatotoxicity to different combinations of anti-tuberculosis drugs containing, Rifampicin (R), Streptomycin (S), Isoniazid (H), Pyrazinamide (Z) and Myambutol (E) is described in 47 patients who completed 6 to 9 months therapy. Seven cases (15%) showed signs of toxicity and in 4 patients (8.5%) the drugs had to be withdrawn. Two patients developed hepatitis, one with jaundice and the other with fever and deranged liver functions, while others 2 developed severe hypersensitivity reactions. Burning palms, difficulty in micturition, itching and giddiness were complained of by one patient each, which settled in due course without recourse to withdrawal of drugs.
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PMID:Hepatotoxicity to different antituberculosis drug combinations. 212 69

During the 20th century, tuberculosis has been the most prevalent and most harmful disease in Japan. Enormous medical researches have ever been performed to conquer the disease. Nevertheless tuberculosis has left various somatic and psychological residues on vast convalescents. On the other hand, researches to conquer tuberculosis have made considerable contribution to other fields of medicine. 1. Somatic and psychological residues on convalescents from tuberculosis. Chest x-ray findings, cardio-pulmonary disturbance, secondary infection, serum-hepatitis due to mass transfusion during the chest surgery, streptomycin-deafness and psychological disorder. 2. Sequelae of phthisiology. a. In the field of basic medicine. Respiratory physiology, immunology and genetic pharmacology. b. In the field of epidemiology. Methodology to control the disease. c. In the field of clinical medicine. Chest x-ray diagnostics, bronchoscopy, thoracoscopy, randomized controlled trial, regimens of chemotherapy, open chest surgery, anesthesiology, treatment of respiratory failure, informed consent, terminal care and cooperative study system. d. In the field of rehabilitation. Medical, vocational and social rehabilitation of the handicapped. e. In the field of public health. Comprehensive control system of the chronic disease. Smallpox has been eradicated, but the elimination of tuberculosis is still far away. Studies as excellent as past ones should intensively be carried out.
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PMID:[The sequelae of tuberculosis]. 221 6

As part of a plan to eliminate tuberculosis in America, tuberculin skin testing was advised for all US citizens, with isoniazid chemopreventive therapy administered to appropriate positive reactors. Implementation of this plan, however, may be limited by concerns over which skin test reactors should receive isoniazid therapy. Recent decision analyses suggest that, contrary to American Thoracic Society guidelines, asymptomatic skin test reactors under age 35 years with normal chest roentgenograms and no predisposing conditions to tuberculosis reactivation will not benefit from isoniazid chemopreventive therapy. Repeated analysis of these studies reveals that calculated life expectancy depends on estimates of the probability of certain chance outcomes. If the isoniazid-related hepatitis case-fatality rate is below 1%, isoniazid chemopreventive therapy appears to be beneficial. A literature review suggests that this rate is indeed this low. If the tuberculosis case-fatality rate is above 6.7%, also supported by the literature, the advantages of isoniazid therapy are further increased. This repeated analysis should reassure physicians that isoniazid chemoprophylaxis for tuberculin skin test reactors is beneficial to the individual and consonant with public health policies.
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PMID:Decision analysis, public health policy, and isoniazid chemoprophylaxis for young adult tuberculin skin reactors. 192 3

From January 1984-December 1987, 1783 patients received combination therapy of isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol for the control of tuberculosis. Forty-two developed symptomatic hepatitis during the period of treatment. Fifteen were hepatitis B virus carriers, and the remaining 27 were noncarriers. The peak serum transaminase and bilirubin levels were higher in carriers. Seven carriers died of fulminant or subacute hepatic failure, and only 1 noncarrier died. Eleven carriers had detectable serum hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid during the acute stage of hepatitis. The roles of isoniazid-rifampin combination therapy and hepatitis B virus in the adverse outcomes of carriers were discussed.
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PMID:Isoniazid-rifampin-induced hepatitis in hepatitis B carriers. 229 8

In a survey of patients admitted to the medical and surgical wards of Groote Schuur Hospital during the 5-year period 1983-1987 38 patients with severe drug-induced hepatitis were identified. Fifty-three per cent of these reactions were caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs, 21% to phenytoin and 11% to methyldopa. Whereas 82% of the patients were jaundiced, only one-third had gastro-intestinal symptoms and/or fever and only 24% had a rash. Twenty-six per cent of patients were encephalopathic on admission. The overall mortality rate was 24%. Forty per cent of patients with hepatitis caused by anti-tuberculosis therapy died. Many patients had continued to receive therapy despite signs of liver disease. These findings underline the need for a high index of suspicion in the diagnosis of drug-induced liver disease and for early withdrawal of the offending agent(s).
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PMID:Retrospective survey of drug-induced liver disease at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town--1983-1987. 230 Aug 55

Three cases are reported of cholestatic hepatitis occurring during treatment with rifampicin for staphylococcal septicemia (2) and tuberculosis (1). There was no previous history of hepatic affection. The administration of rifampicin caused cholestasis alone. No immunoallergic phenomenon has been shown.
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PMID:[Jaundice caused by rifampicin: 3 cases]. 248 82

On request of local health officials, the authors investigated isoniazid (INH) hepatitis morbidity and mortality among patients attending an Hispanic prenatal clinic. Among 3,681 women treated with INH during and after pregnancy to prevent tuberculosis (TB), 5 developed INH hepatitis, and 2 of the 5 women died. Comparison with previously collected Public Health Service data concerning 3,948 nonpregnant women, using the Cox proportional hazards model, revealed a 2.5-fold increased risk of INH hepatitis in the prenatal clinic group. The mortality rate was four times higher in the prenatal clinic group. However, statistical power was low because of the small number of cases, and neither of these findings was statistically significant (P greater than 0.05). In the absence of controlled studies, the issue of INH safety during the perinatal period remains unresolved. Nevertheless, current American Thoracic Society-Centers for Disease Control recommendations regarding TB screening, implementation of INH chemoprophylaxis programs, and adequate monitoring of individuals on INH should be adhered to. The results of this investigation raise concern that deviations from existing policy may contribute to unnecessary morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:Isoniazid hepatitis among pregnant and postpartum Hispanic patients. 249 49


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