Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Suspected infectious necrotic hepatitis (black disease) in a herd of 436 cattle in Douglas County, Oregon, resulted in 79 deaths during a 2-week period. Although Clostridium novyi could not be isolated from hepatic lesions, the clinical course of the disease, gross and histopathologic findings, and fluorescent antibody identification of C novyi in various tissues were suggestive of the disease. The epizootic was preceded by a long drought, during which grazing conditions were sparse. A few days before the 1st dead animal was found, the drought was relieved by about 10 cm (4 in) of rainfall, resulting in the growth of young succulent grass. The cattle, attempting to eat this new grass lying close to the ground, consumed large quantities of soil. It was speculated that the soil contained C novyi and that the proliferation of these ingested organisms in necrotic tissue cuased by Fasciola hepatica resulted in fatal toxemia.
 ...
PMID:Suspected infectious necrotic hepatitis (black disease) in Oregon cattle. 90 84

From 1968 through 1974 at the University of Minnesota there were 17 pregnancies in 12 patients who were renal transplant recipients. Three were cadaver transplants and nine were transplants from living related donors. In eight patients there were two first-trimester pregnancy termination, three mid-trimester abortions by hysterotomy, and one spontaneous abortion. Two of the induced abortions were in patients with ileal conduits. There were no unusual major obstetric complications but toxemia of pregnancy and concurrent bacterial and viral infections were common medical problems. Of the liveborn infants, only three of the 12 were small for their gestational age, seven were of appropriate size, and two were large. There were no neonatal problems and no congenital anomalies. Renal function during pregnancy was carefully monitored and was compromised in three of the patients studied. One patient had three pregnancies, including the delivery of a set of twins. Several months following her third delivery she developed fatal hepatitis. Two patients developed carcinoma in situ of the cervix. Pregnancy following renal transplantation is not without risk. Sexually active female transplant recipients should be counseled regarding pregnancy and sterilization should be offered as an option at the time of transplantation.
 ...
PMID:Pregnancy following renal transplantation. 110 87

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy was diagnosed in nine patients over a 10-year period. Eight patients had severe hepatic dysfunction typical for this syndrome and one had subclinical disease but typical hepatic histologic findings. All patients survived with little fetal wastage; all had preeclampsia. Histologic findings included cholestasis, hepatocellular necrosis, and inflammation, as well as microvesicular fat. Histologic findings from biopsy specimens of four of seven patients were initially misinterpreted as hepatitis. This disorder may have both a broad clinical and histologic spectrum; it is probably not rare but often misdiagnosed, perhaps as viral hepatitis. The concurrence of this disorder with toxemia of pregnancy suggests that these entities may be pathophysiologically related.
 ...
PMID:Acute fatty liver of pregnancy. A reassessment based on observations in nine patients. 356 68

The results of 24 applications of hemosorption procedure in 19 cases of acute leukemia, chronic myeloleukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma are discussed. Hemosorption in conjunction with infusions of albumin, hemodesum, rheopolyglucinum, saline and glucose solutions may be recommended for severe and extremely severe toxemia. A high efficiency of the procedure application at different stages of leukemia development in cases of toxemia syndrome, toxico-allergic hepatitis and sepsis was observed.
 ...
PMID:[Hemosorption combined with intensive measures in hemoblastoses]. 386 Oct 25

The clinical course, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) levels, and serial circulating immune complex (CIC) levels in 21 patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) were correlated for the evaluation of the relationship between CIC levels and trophoblastic tumor burden. CIC levels were normal in 18 of 21 patients at the time of presentation, and 2 of 3 patients who presented with elevated CIC levels had significant comorbid disease (toxemia and hepatitis). Nine patients were followed into gonadotropin remission, and all 9 developed an increase in CIC levels at the time of remission. It was concluded that CIC, at least as measured by two antigen-nonspecific techniques, is generally not elevated at initial presentation in the patient with GTN; this lack of an elevation is probably due to marked tumor antigen excess. Thus the in vivo importance of CIC as a "blocker" of host antitumor response at this stage is doubtful. After effective treatment as HCG levels return to normal, the demonstrated elevation in serial levels of CIC may reflect a return of adequate host immune response at a time of minimal tumor burden.
 ...
PMID:Circulating immune complex levels in patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. 628 61

During normal pregnancy, serum transaminase levels remain within normal limits. An elevated level observed in a pregnant woman always signals a disease process, most often of hepatic origin, but in certain cases, of muscular origin. During the last three months of pregnancy and in the immediate post partum period a large number of liver diseases can cause elevated transaminase levels, depending upon the clinical presentation. In everyday practice, a complete liver battery together with specialized consultation is required for all pregnant women with raised transaminase levels. Toxaemia gravis may be evident in patients with severely raised blood pressure, especially if seizures occur. Epigastric or subcostal pain should suggest hepatic involvement. Hypertension may however be absent and epigastric or left shoulder pain may be the only clinical signs. Acute liver steatosis is 20 to 50 times more rare than toxaemia and may cause nausea and vomiting. Certain non-specific signs such as asthenia, anorexia, polyalgia, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and fever, together with pruritus should suggest acute hepatitis. A 25-fold increase in transaminase level is commonly encountered. The risk of fulminating hepatitis is less than 1/1000 but should always be entertained. All drugs should be stopped and careful research for recent xenobiotic contamination (drugs, infusions, alphamethyldopa, etc.) should be undertaken. Viral hepatitis requires serovaccination of the newborn at birth. Herpetic hepatitis is rare but requires rapid diagnosis (liver biopsy) and treatment with acyclovir in addition to cesarean section and treatment of the newborn at birth. Rare cases of hepatitis E may occur after a stay in North Africa, the Middle-East, Southeast Asia or Mexico. Chronic cases with or without temporary pruritus suggest infectious hepatitis B or C although, in chronic hepatitis C, serum transaminase levels often return to normal during pregnancy. Rare cases of asymptomatic elevations of serum transaminase levels can reveal subclinical chronic hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:[Significance of elevated transaminase levels at the end of pregnancy]. 802 21

Management of transfusion therapy in sickle cell disease patients with acute complications is often made difficult because of confusing indications, a variety of methods, disparate goals, and varying needs for maintenance transfusion. In priapism, acute chest syndrome, many major surgical procedures, toxemia of pregnancy, and cerebrovascular accidents, the target hemoglobin A level should be made as close to 100% as possible by mechanized red blood cell exchange. If mechanized exchange is unavailable, manual exchange should be instituted. Hemoglobin A should be maintained at greater than 60% to 70% by periodic simple transfusion until patients are fully recovered. Stroke patients should undergo maintenance transfusions for at least 3 years and perhaps 5 to 12 years. Physicians and patients should be aware of the transfusion-related risks of hepatitis and HIV infection. Alloimmunization and iron overload should be minimized in patients requiring frequent transfusions and chelation therapy should be utilized for iron overload.
 ...
PMID:Transfusion therapy in sickle cell disease patients: methods and acute indications. 812 Apr 39

Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is the most important index for monitoring the progress of safe motherhood programmes. A retrospective analysis of all maternal deaths at RG Kar Medical College and Hospital, Calcutta from 1st January, 1995 to 31st December, 1997 was carried out. There were 29,563 live births and 203 maternal deaths giving cumulative MMR of 686.67 per 100,000 live births. Among the victims 25.6% were < or = 20 years of age, majority (73.4%) were unbooked, mostly from rural (59.6%) or urban slum (20.2%) and from low socio-economic status (59.6%). Most (60.10%) were multiparous and 50.74% patients died within 24 hours of hospital admission. Direct causes were responsible for 83.25%, indirect causes for 14.78% and unrelated causes for 1.97% of maternal deaths. Toxaemia was the leading cause (53.20%) of maternal mortality. Other important causes were haemorrhage (16.75%), sepsis (12.31%), severe anaemia (6.4%), infective hepatitis (1.47%) and heart disease (3.44%). In comparison to previous years no significant changes in MMR had been found though there were temporary decline in some years. The contribution of toxaemia in maternal deaths is significantly high and is on the rise. The other national and global pictures were reviewed. India is among the countries of high MMR and far away from achieving safe motherhood. Majority of deaths are preventable. The medical causes of maternal deaths are in fact, the end point of a longer chain of many underlying factors like low socio-economic status, poverty, illiteracy, high parity and inadequate or no health care. An active community-based health care system accessible to every mother with strong referral system is the most effective approach to achieve safe motherhood.
 ...
PMID:Safe motherhood--a long way to achieve. 1147 55

National data on maternal health status in Malaysia is minimal. These data, from Maternity Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, are presented toward the goal of accumulation of basic information. From 1978-81, there were 74,105 deliveries and 9,899 abortion admissions in this hospital, which serves as a referral center for areas within a 100-mile radius. 39 maternal mortalities were recorded in this time. Maternal mortality excluding that associated with abortions was 29.27/100,000 births; when abortions are included, the figure increases to 70.54. 50% of the women who died were under 30 years of age. 28.2% of deaths occurred among primigravida, and 25.64% were associated with parity 5 or above. Malays had a mortality rate double that of Chinese or Indians. Major causes of death were toxemia, hemorrhage, embolism, medical disease, and sepsis. These causes accounted for 89% of deaths, while the remaining 11% were due to uterine inversion, obstetric trauma, and pulmonary edema. Avoidable factors were isolated in all the deaths except 3, 1 due to infective hepatitis, and 2 due to cardiac disease. Inefficient hospital care occurred in 17 patients, defective care before admission in 2, and 4 death were associated with patients' failure to seek or accept medical attention. The need for documenting all maternal mortalities is a priority in Malaysia.
 ...
PMID:The pattern of maternal mortality at maternity hospital Kuala Lumpur. 1227 87

A study by Dr. Nagiba Abdulghani, conducted for the University of London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, reports that in almost 2/3 of the cases of maternal death during childbirth in North Yemen, the children died within 1 year of their mothers. The maternal mortality ratio in North Yemen is 753 per 100,000 live births. The study included 224 maternal deaths in 10 hospitals between May, 1987, and April, 1989. 9 out of 10 mothers who died were illiterate. Only 1/5 had received prenatal care. The inaccessibility of health services, the poor quality of care and facilities, and a lack of faith in a system that humiliates women were given as reasons for failure to seek medical care. Causes of death in order of frequency were hepatitis, hemorrhage, infection, and toxemia. 3/4 of the women died postpartum. 1/5 of the babies were stillbirths. 1/5 of the mothers had a history of maternal complications. 1/5 had chronic disease. 2/3 of the women had begun their pregnancies within 1 year of their last childbirth. 1/2 of the women had symptoms ranging from vomiting and fatigue to jaundice and vaginal bleeding. Recommendations of the study included: 1) programs to prevent and treat hepatitis and; 2) an information, education, and communication (IEC) community campaign on the signs of maternal complications. Personnel should also continue their training and research activities.
 ...
PMID:Mother's death means baby is likely to die too. 1234 60


1