Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been reported that autoimmune liver diseases, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, complicate thyroid disorder. According to the Nationwide survey in Japan, hypothyroidism most of which are due to chronic thyroiditis was seen in both autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis, at 12% and 5.8%, respectively. It is sometimes happen that the manifestation of thyroid disorder proceeds the symptoms of liver disease. Because middle-aged women preferably tend to suffer from both autoimmune liver disease and autoimmune thyroid disease, it is important that we should be concerned both diseases when we are making diagnosis in these patients.
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PMID:[Thyroid disease in autoimmune liver diseases]. 1048 70

Interferons are a large family of glycoproteins known as cytokines or substances released by lymphocytes that interfere with viral replication within host cells and activate the immune system. Nowadays, interferons are used as immunomodulators to treat many diseases, especially hepatitis. Among their side effects thyroidopathies are the most important. Their frequency varies from a study to another, and may reach 20%. Thyroid disorders may be an increase in thyroid antibodies or an abnormal function. Interferons can reveal or induce thyroid diseases whose mechanisms are still not understood. It seems that cytokines modify the immune system leading to an increase in stimulating or inhibiting antibodies production. A direct thyroid cells cytolysis is also possible. When stimulating antibodies are prevailing, hyperthyroidism is the resulting disease. This last situation is rarer than hypothyroidism resulting from an increase in inhibiting antibodies and/or thyroid cells cytolysis. When thyroid disease occurs under interferon therapy, overt hyper or hypothyroidism should be treated symptomatically without stopping interferons prescribed for a severe disease. However, after stopping interferons, control of thyroid function should be done to check if there is an ad integrum thyroid recovery.
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PMID:[Interferons and thyroid abnormalities: literature review]. 2261 32

Even though autoimmune thyroiditis is considered as the most emblematic type of organ-specific autoimmune disorder of autoimmunity, autoimmune thyroid diseases can be associated with other autoimmune endocrine failures or non-endocrine diseases (namely vitiligo, pernicious anemia, myasthenia gravis, autoimmune gastritis, celiac disease, hepatitis). Thyroid disorders, which are the most frequent expression of adult polyendocrine syndrome type 2, occur concomitantly with or secondarily to insulinodependent diabetes, premature ovarian failure, Addison's disease (Schmidt syndrome, or Carpenter syndrome if associated with diabetes). Testicular failure and hypoparathyroidism are unusual. The disease is polygenic and multifactorial. Disorders of thyroid autoimmunity are, surprisingly, very rare in polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (or APECED) beginning during childhood. They are related to mutations of the AIRE gene that encodes for a transcriptional factor implicated in central and peripheral immune tolerance. Hypothyroidism can also be observed in the very rare IPEX and POEMS syndromes.
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PMID:Thyroid autoimmunity and polyglandular endocrine syndromes. 2362 30