Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and HBV DNA are indicators of active replication of HBV, whereas IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (IgM anti-HBc) may indicate an active immune response to chronic HBV infection. Fifty-eight carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) who had frequent parenteral exposures were studied for the presence of HBeAg, HBV DNA, IgM anti-HBc and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) serologic markers. Active replication of HBV was detected in 36.2% (25% of drug addicts, 16.7% of thalassemia patients, and 46.9% of hemodialysis patients) and seropositivity for IgM anti-HBc in 55.2% of the HBsAg carriers. Among the 39 HBsAg carriers who were negative for HBeAg, IgM anti-HBc was detected significantly more frequently than HBV DNA (46.1% vs. 5.1%, p less than 0.001). Serologic evidence of HDV infection was detected in 35% of drug addicts, 50% of thalassemia patients and in 9.4% of hemodialysis patients. These data revealed that continued replication of HBV was more frequent in hemodialysis patients than in drug addicts and thalassemia patients who are HBsAg carriers and the opposite was true for the prevalence of HDV infection.
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PMID:Serologic markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus infection in carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen who are frequently exposed to HBV. 375 6

The weights of the spleens of series of patients with various disorders of children dating from birth or early infancy and causing splenomegaly, with or without cirrhosis of the liver, were analyzed. The linear regression equation for spleen weight versus age in months for each disease was derived, and the rate constants from these equations were adjusted for the age range of the patients in each group. The original data of Coppoletta and Wolbach were used for normal values. The rates of splenic growth of appropriate entities for which the regression equation could be computed fell into three groups, with adjusted rate constants (growth of spleen in grams per month) of 6.53-6.95 (biliary atresia, thalassemia, and cirrhosis following neonatal hepatitis), 2.30-2.62 (cirrhosis of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, infantile polycystic disease, and spherocytosis), and 1.06-1.11 (cystic fibrosis and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura). These classes of splenic growth rates are approximately 10, 3.7, and 1.6 times the normal growth rate (0.67 g/mo). Rate constants could not be computed for the categories cirrhosis following viral hepatitis and hemolytic anemia other than spherocytosis and sickle cell anemia, and the numbers of patients with splenic vein obstruction, cirrhosis with the cholestatic syndrome of parenteral alimentation, hypoplastic anemia with hemosiderosis, tyrosinemia, Byler's disease, congenital hepatic fibrosis, and Wilson's disease were too few for analysis. The significance of the finding of classes or "quantum groups" of splenic growth rates in disorders of children, dating from birth or early infancy and causing splenomegaly, is uncertain. Comparable data on adequate series of patients with other appropriate disorders will be necessary.
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PMID:Splenic growth rates in cirrhotic and other splenomegalic diseases of childhood. 384 62

Allogeneic bone marrow grafts carried out after previous administration of antilymphocytic serum alone were attempted in 16 patients. Of these, six had acute myeloblastic leukaemia, four acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and one a blast cell crisis in polycythaemia vera. Ten of these patients were in an overt phase of the disease and resistant to chemotherapy, while nine had complete agranulocytosis. In five of these patients erythrocyte and leucocyte antigenic markers demonstrated the establishment of the graft. One patient had thalassaemia major, and four others had aplasia of the bone marrow, in one case due to chloramphenicol poisoning and in another to virus hepatitis. The grafts were successful in the last two patients and transformed their clinical condition.No signs of early acute secondary disease were noted in any of the patients, either when the donor had been given antilymphocytic serum or when he was untreated. The grafts had no adoptive immunotherapeutic effect on the acute leukaemia. These observations have clearly shown that antilymphocytic serum has an immunosuppressive effect in man when it is used alone.
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PMID:Bone marrow graft in man after conditioning by antilymphocytic serum. 490 49

Incidence, clinical course and outcome of viral hepatitis was evaluated during a 42 mo. study in 118 Thalassaemia minor patients, compared with a paired group of 123 nonthalassaemic subjects, matched for age, sex and number of drug addicts. In the thalassaemics, which account for 13% of residents in our area, acute hepatitis showed to have an incidence of 1.3-1.7 higher than the control group. The acute course was milder and more protracted and the number of evolution into chronicity was more elevated: 19.7% vs. 11.3%, following hepatitis B, and 40.6% vs. 23.7% following NANB hepatitis. However data were statistically significant only as regard as differences between ALT (p less than or equal to 0.05, B-H; p less than or equal to 0.01, NANB-H) and IgM in the group of B hepatitis only (p less than or equal to 0.05) Differences between elongation of course were also significant in both types of hepatitis (p less than or equal to 0.01). Pathogenetic aspects such as depressed cellular immunity and hepatic disorders due to thalassaemia, which may explain the higher incidence of hepatitis and the tendency of evolution into chronicity, are discussed.
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PMID:[Hepatitis in thalassemia minor: incidence and evolution]. 644 58

The study of surgical liver biopsy specimens obtained during splenectomy in 86 children with thalassaemia indicated that such patients may develop liver disease that evolves into cirrhosis. Histological characteristics suggest that it is post-necrotic cirrhosis. Onset of cirrhosis in some patients may occur as early as 7-8 years old, and at age about 15-16 years most children with thalassaemia show features of cirrhosis. In addition to fibrosis, hepatitis, or even aggressive hepatitis may develop as has also been observed in patients without thalassaemia who have undergone multiple transfusions. This study presents the current probable evolution of liver disease in patients with thalassaemia and may thus serve as a reference from which to evaluate any future progress in the treatment and care of patients with Cooley's disease.
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PMID:Cirrhosis associated with multiple transfusions in thalassaemia. 669 98

Maternal morbidity and perinatal outcome in 108 pregnancies complicated by sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin SS disease), sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease (hemoglobin SC disease), or sickle cell-beta-thalassemia disease were analyzed. Women given prophylactic red cell transfusions (1973-1982) during pregnancy were matched with historic controls whose care was almost identical except that blood was not given unless indicated (1955 to 1972). In women with hemoglobin SS disease who received prophylactic red cell transfusions, there was a sevenfold reduction in perinatal mortality and negligible maternal morbidity. In pregnancies complicated by hemoglobin SC disease during which transfusions were given, there were no perinatal losses, whereas there were in 18% of women not given transfusions. Maternal morbidity in women given transfusions was negligible; however, half of those not transfused experienced morbidity and, importantly, pulmonary complications were common. Transfusion-related complications included hepatitis and alloimmunization. From these experiences the authors conclude that prophylactic red cell transfusions reduce maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality appreciably, although perinatal morbidity is not eliminated. Transfusion therapy is justifiably started early in pregnancy for women with hemoglobin SS disease; however, transfusions may be withheld until the end of the second trimester for women with hemoglobin SC or sickle cell-beta-thalassemia disease.
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PMID:Pregnancy and sickle cell hemoglobinopathies: results with and without prophylactic transfusions. 688 18

Serum immunoglobulins, complements C3 and C4 and factor B were assayed in the sera of children with B-thalassaemia major, siblings and matched controls in an attempt to resolve the controversy surrounding the conflicting results reported in the literature. Significantly elevated IgG and decreased C3 and factor B levels were observed in thalassaemic patients who also had a high incidence of HBS hepatitis and other infections. The controversial results probably reflect differences in the incidence of infection, and the presence of circulating immune complexes due to blood transfusions, in the various communities. The alterations in immunoglobulin and complement levels represent a secondary rather than a primary immune disorder.
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PMID:Elevated IgG and decreased complement component C3 and factor B in B-thalassaemia major. 691 68

Serum ferritin, liver iron stores, and liver histology were studied in 38 children with thalassaemia major who were being treated by regular blood transfusions. There was no correlation between serum ferritin levels and either the number of transfusions or the amount of iron deposited in the liver. However, for a given level of iron stores, ferritin levels were higher in patients with chronic hepatitis (including chronic aggressive and chronic persistent forms) than in those with hepatic siderosis only. We conclude that serum ferritin reflects tissue iron deposits in regularly transfused thalassaemic patients, only in the absence of hepatitis.
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PMID:Serum ferritin, liver iron stores, and liver histology in children with thalassaemia. 737 16

Seventy-three BMT procedures (42 allogeneic-BMT, 30 autologous-BMT, 1 syngeneic transplant) were undertaken at the Shariati Hospital in Tehran between March 1991 and November 1993. Allogeneic-BMT was performed for thalassaemia major (n = 23), AML in complete remission (n = 3), severe aplastic anaemia (n = 7), CML (n = 7), dyskeratosis congenita (n = 2) and Fanconi anaemia (n = 1). Conditioning regimens comprised busulphan (BU) plus cyclophosphamide (CY) or CY only. Thirty-two (78%) of the 43 patients remain alive 1-34 months after BMT. Twelve patients died: the causes of death were haemorrhagic cystitis (n = 1), CMV pneumonitis (n = 1), GVHD (n = 3), infection (n = 3), rejection (n = 1), VOD (n = 2) and hepatitis (n = 1). Autologous-BMT was performed for patients with AML in CR (n = 16), ALL in CR (n = 9), lymphoma in relapse (n = 3), Ewing sarcoma (n = 1) and multiple myeloma (n = 1). The median age was 18 years. Conditioning regimens were Ara C plus CY, etoposide plus CY and high-dose melphalan. Sixteen (54%) of the 30 patients survive, 14 in continuous complete remission. The causes of death were relapse (AML (n = 7), ALL (n = 4), lymphoma (n = 1)), VOD (n = 1) and infection (n = 1).
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PMID:Bone marrow transplantation in Iran. 792 Mar 8

In Brazil, clinicians followed 32 transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia patients, 1-49 years old, at the Regional Blood Center and the Department of Hematology of University Hospital of the School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), HIV-1, and HTLV-1. They also measured serum levels of ferritin and alanine aspartate transaminase (ALAT) to examine liver iron content and liver damage, respectively. 46.8% tested positive for antibodies to HCV, which was much higher than that of voluntary blood donors of the Regional Blood Center (1.4%) or of other countries. Yet it was about the same as that of multitransfused patients in the UK (23.2%), Italy (92.9%), and Saudi Arabia (33.3%). 3 of these 15 patients also tested positive for HBV markers. 15.5% tested positive only for HBV markers. 37.5% had no hepatitis markers. Hepatitis-positive people were older than those who tested negative for hepatitis (15.2 years vs. 8.5 years; p .05). The number of units of blood transfused and the levels of ferritin and ALAT were not statistically different between the 2 groups (192.1-336 vs. 135.2 and 36.6-52.3 U/l vs. 36.7 U/l, respectively). 75% of the HCV positive patients received more than 100 units of packed red blood cells while only 42% did in the HCV negative group. 2 people tested positive for HIV-1 1 of whom also tested positive for anti-HBs-Ag and the other for HCV antibodies. The HIV-1 cases had become infected before the blood bank began screening for HIV-1 in 1987. None of the patients receiving blood from the center became infected with HIV-1, yet 60% of hemophiliacs treated at the hospital were HIV-1 infected. No one tested positive for HTLV-1, even though all 32 patients had received more than 6250 units of blood not screened for HTLV-1. This reflected the low incidence of HTLV-1 in the general population (0.05%). No one was positive for HBs-Ag or HBe-Ag.
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PMID:The frequency of blood-born viral infections in a population of multitransfused Brazilian patients. 827 57


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