Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In February 1990 in Djibouti, a study of 147 male and 147 female students (data obtained from a national hepatitis survey) aimed to determine knowledge about AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases, and sexual experience; exposure to HIV infection; the potential weight of sexual and parenteral routes of HIV infection; and the significance of their exposure to HIV infection. Students represented all the secondary schools in the capital city. None of the students tested seropositive for HIV or syphilis, even though as many as 41% and 46% of high risk adults (e.g., prostitutes) tested positive for HIV and syphilis, respectively. 21.2%, 5.6%, 2.7% and 0.68%, and 0.5% tested positive for anti-hepatitis B (HB) s antibody, HBs antigen, anti-HBe antibody, HBe antigen, and delta hepatitis respectively. Anti-HBs seropositivity rose linearly with age (p .01). About 64% had basic knowledge about AIDS. Almost 100% had at least heard of it. Special lectures on AIDS during a recent national campaign likely contributed to the higher knowledge level among the 18-year-old students. 88.1% of all students wanted more information about AIDS. Boys were more likely to want to learn more about AIDS than girls (91.8% vs. 84.3%; p = .047). About 40% of the students knew about tuberculosis (TB). 78.6% wanted more information about TB. Boys were more likely to be sexually active than were girls (40.8% vs. 2.7%; p .01). Sexual activity increased with age among boys (p .01). 51.6% of sexually active students never used condoms. Just 24.2% always used them. 80% of students did not consider themselves to be at risk for HIV infection. Almost all students had previously been exposed to the risk of parenteral infection, especially vaccines (99%) and intramuscular injections (75.2%). No one had used intravenous drugs. These findings suggested the need for AIDS education for secondary school students which covers HIV prevalence in Djibouti, TB, syphilis, and HIV transmission via sexual and parenteral routes.
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PMID:HIV infection among secondary school students in Djibouti, horn of Africa: knowledge, exposure and prevalence. 829 99

Pneumonitis and symptomatic hepatitis are very rare complications of syphilis. Symptomatic hepatitis and subclinical reticulonodular pulmonary infiltrates were observed when an HIV-infected patient presented with secondary syphilis. The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction included a flare of hepatitis symptoms, resembling cholangitis. In a patient with syphilis, it may be appropriate to delay an aggressive evaluation for suspected pneumonitis or cholangitis pending the outcome of specific antitreponemal therapy.
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PMID:Syphilitic pneumonitis in an HIV-infected patient. 830 85

Neurologic manifestations of severe infectious complications of drug abuse and chronic alcoholism are reviewed in this article. Portals of entry from cutaneous postinjection infections and multiple vascular injection sites may lead to pyomyositis, tetanus, infective endocarditis, meningitis, brain abscesses, and vertebral osteomyelitis. Chronic intranasal abuse of cocaine may be followed by frontal osteomyelitis, botulism, brain abscess, and visual loss. Problems of hepatitis, malaria, and syphilis in drug abusers are discussed also.
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PMID:Infections other than AIDS. 837 45

Viral and other exotic diseases may be transmitted by blood transfusion. These infections include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D and E), syphilis, malaria, retrovirus HTLV-1, and cytomegalovirus. Other more exotic diseases which may be transmitted by transfusion of blood or blood components include Chagas' disease (Trypanosomiasis cruzi), Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi), and Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease. Screening procedures currently used in Australian blood banks minimise transfusion-transmitted infection. The risk of acquiring any infection in this manner may be less than 0.1%.
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PMID:Transfusion transmitted infection: viral and exotic diseases. 844 2

The costs of a bone-bank working in accordance with the guidelines of the german federal chamber of physicians are described. Establishing a bone-bank storing deep-frozen bone is not very expensive. The main costs are due to laboratory costs for excluding HIV, hepatitis, syphilis and bacterial contamination of bone grafts. In our experience with 206 bone grafts about 20% of them are to be discharged because of positive laboratory tests. The costs of each bone graft are DM 327. A second HIV-Test of the donor 3 months after explantation of a bone graft will cause rising of costs up to 47%. About 20-30% of bone graft donors will probably not carry out this test. In this case discharging of the bone graft is necessary.
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PMID:[Cost analysis of a bone bank]. 848 Apr 40

Since the same sexual behavior which places individuals at risk for HIV infections can also lead to gonorrhea, syphilis, herpes, chlamydia, hepatitis, and unplanned pregnancy, prevention strategies against AIDS must be addressed within the broader context of human sexuality. The 3 major issues in disease prevention are 1) compartmentalization, which focuses on prevention of a single disease, problem, or class of people, and which has failed in its approach; 2) a state of denial, which prevents people from learning more about the risks involved with their behavior; and 3) societal barriers including taboos, reticence, stigmatizing a disease, and ambivalence. Since successful prevention strategies involve a broad base of personal competencies, a comprehensive approach is called for. Strategies which address predisposing factors affecting behavior attempt to reach schools, communities, families, and health professionals. Specific examples include curriculum development in schools, brochures distributed by pharmacies and family planning clinics, posters targeted to specific populations, television programs, and pamphlets and reference materials for physicians. Enabling factors which allow a change in behavior are approached through access to education, access to resources, and strengthening personal skills. Reinforcing factors are strengthened in clinics, the media, and the community. For example, a package containing information about postponing sexual activity, sexually transmitted diseases, and HIV as well as 2 condoms was attached to tuxedos rented for graduation exercises. No disease exists in isolation, and no preventable disease can be successfully avoided in isolation. Integrated behavior change is necessary to reach the goal of health and create a social norm of safe sexual relations.
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PMID:AIDS and human sexuality. 848 61

A dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which uses a proteinase-K resistant antigen (PK-Dot-ELISA) to detect antileptospiral IgM antibodies was compared to the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The assay was evaluated in serum samples from patients with leptospirosis (n = 89), typhoid fever (n = 10), malaria (n = 19), syphilis (n = 20), hepatitis (n = 16) and clinically healthy individuals (n = 92). The PK-Dot-ELISA presented a sensitivity of 92.1% and a specificity of 97.5%. The overall results of the PK-Dot-ELISA were similar to those of the MAT. However, the PK-Dot-ELISA was capable of detecting antibody activity in 43% of acute-phase sera which were negative by the MAT. Our data suggest that PK-Dot-ELISA can be used as an important portable field serodiagnostic assay for acute leptospirosis.
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PMID:Dot-ELISA for human leptospirosis employing immunodominant antigen. 854 30

A retrospective review of the screening records of the 65,208 blood donors in Singapore from December 7, 1992, to August 31, 1994, revealed a relatively low prevalence of hepatitis C infection. Hepatitis C is the main cause of post-transfusion hepatitis. A total of 241 donors were positive for this strain, for a period prevalence of 0.37%. 58% of the hepatitis C-positive donors were repeat donors. Despite the low overall prevalence of hepatitis C infection, certain demographic patterns emerged among seropositive donors. Most cases involved men in the 30-39 year age group. In terms of occupations, seropositive donors were fairly equally distributed among the production and labor workforce, sales and services, managerial and professional posts, and the police and armed forces. Although there was no significant difference between the general donor population and hepatitis C-infected donors in terms of hepatitis B or syphilis infection, the latter were significantly (p 0.01) more likely to be infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Finally, hepatitis C infection was significantly (p 0.05) more prevalent in Malay donors than in Chinese. The findings suggest that hepatitis C is community acquired. Although Singapore as a whole is assumed to have a low incidence of hepatitis C, generalizations cannot be made from this study given the stringent criteria for selection as a blood donor.
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PMID:A study on the epidemiology of hepatitis C infection among blood donors in Singapore. 863 36

Regarding problems in emergency and urgent immunoserologic tests, I mainly focused on infectious diseases and CPR and discussed the correspondence of dangerous needle stick injuries, and the significance of emergency CRP measurement in various body fluids using highly sensitive determination methods. The actual conditions and correspondence of infections due to dangerous needle stick injuries (accidental pricking with used needles) such as hepatitis, syphilis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), herpes simplex, falciparum malaria, tuberculosis, Rocky mountain spotted fever, and human colonic adenocarcinoma are discussed. With regard to emergency CRP measurement, application of highly sensitive determination methods and the significance of CRP measurement of various body fluids (healthy adult blood, cord blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine and puncture fluid) are described. The reference values for CRP concentrations in various body fluids were established at 15 to 3,063 ng/ml for serum (male; 26 to 3.992 ng/ml, female; 11 to 1,672 ng/ml), 9 to 73 ng/ml for cord blood, 2 to 10 ng/ml for cerebrospinal fluid and less than 2 ng/ml for urine.
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PMID:[Future prospects of emergency laboratory tests--problems of immunoserologic tests]. 893 87

Majority of renal transplant patients have history of blood transfusion. Out of a total of 120 renal transplant patients, 20 (16.6%) patients showed raised alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (> 45 IU) on 2 or more occasions at 2 weeks interval. This study was undertaken to estimate the risk of transfusion transmitted diseases (TTD) in these 20 renal transplant patients. Another 200 voluntary blood donors were also included as control. Both subject groups were screened by ELISA for HBsAg, anti HBc (IgG & IgM), anti HCV, anti CMV (IgM), anti HIV and VDRL tests for syphilis. A total of 11 (55%) patients and 3 (1.5%) blood donors showed the evidence of HBsAg positivity (p < 0.01). Anti HBc antibody was present in 12 (60%) patients and 39 (19.5%) donors which was significantly (p < 0.01) different. Anti HCV antibody was detected in 5 patients and in one blood donor (p < 0.01). However, anti CMV antibody was present in 4 (20%) patients and 3 (1.5%) donors, respectively. There was no evidence of HIV and syphilis infection in both these groups. High incidence of hepatitis markers were observed in renal transplant patients.
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PMID:The prevalence of transfusion transmitted diseases in renal transplant recipients. 897 47


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