Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The notes of 946 patients with primary and 854 with secondary syphilis were retrospectively reviewed. Of the 184 heterosexual men with primary syphilis, 182 (99%) had chancres affecting the penis, compared with 467 (64%) of the 728 homosexual men (p less than 0.0001). Anorectal chancres occurred in 249 (34%) of homosexual men. The commonest features of secondary syphilis included a rash, lymphadenopathy, and mucous patches of the mouth or genital area. Hepatitis, meningitis, other neurological problems, iridocyclitis, and periostitis were all exceptionally rare. The clinical features of primary and secondary syphilis do not appear to have changed in recent years.
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PMID:Primary and secondary syphilis, 20 years' experience. 2. Clinical features. 292 Oct 46

Fifty cases of symptomatic acute viral hepatitis presenting at the Washington, D.C., Veterans Administration Medical Center between 1976 and 1978 were tested for serological markers of hepatitis virus infection. The etiology of the acute hepatitis appeared to be hepatitis A virus in 20%, hepatitis B virus in 52%, non-A, non-B agents in 22%, delta hepatitis in 4%, and infectious mononucleosis in 2%. The diagnosis of type B hepatitis was difficult to verify because 10% of cases were seronegative for HBsAg and another 10% were seronegative by conventional testing for IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (a putative marker of acute hepatitis B virus infection). Accurate serodiagnosis of acute viral hepatitis depends upon the correct application of testing for IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus, IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, HBsAg, and tests for syphilis and mononucleosis.
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PMID:Serological diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis. 299 63

Western society has undergone a vast sociological change during the 20th century in terms of the value of sexuality. Sexual choice has gained a new legitimacy never before experienced. There is less guilt surrounding issues of sexuality and it is now common place to hear and see explicit discussions about sex in the mass media. This acceptance has undoubtedly encouraged many people to be more daring and promiscuous in their sexual activities. Proof of this can be seen in the increase is the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Presently there are more than 20 epidemiologically significant diseases that are sexually transmitted. Beyond the 5 old standards of gonorrhea, syphilis, chancroid, lyphogranuloma venereum, and granuloma inguinala STDs now include: chlamydia trachomatis, genital herpes, human papillomavirus, human immunodeficiency virus, genital mycoplasms, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis, vaginitis, enteric infections, and ectoparasitic diseases. Keeping all this in mind, the question of the ethics of safe sex must be addressed. In many countries, the governments have undertaken large public education programs to encourage safe sex practices. All these programs a founded upon two ideas: that safe sex should be promoted free of any ethical discussions or considerations, and that technology alone, the condom, will protect the public from the problem of STDs. However these campaigns will fail to protect the public unless they try to intervene at some level other than the mechanical aspect of the sex act itself. Condoms have failure rates too high to be relied upon as the sole means of protecting the public. Sex education for children and an inclusion of the ethical aspects of sex, now that the consequences can mean death, must be included in these government programs if they are to be successful.
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PMID:The ethics of safe sex. 306 Jul 71

The epidemiologic conditions and clinical characteristics of HIV infections in Languedoc-Roussillon, France, were studied in 355 HIV positive subjects followed at the Infectious Diseases Clinic in Montpellier through January 1988. 67.3% of the 52 AIDS patients were homosexuals and 13.5% were intravenous drug addicts. These rates were very similar to the French national rates of 61.9% for homosexuals and 11.8% for addicts. Among the 303 subjects who were HIV positive but had not developed AIDS, 43.5% were homosexuals and 38.2% were intravenous drug users. 49 of the 123 addicts studied were women, and almost 2/3 of the HIV positive women were addicts. The average age of HIV positive addicts was 25.8 years, significantly lower than the 34.4 years of the homosexuals. 18 women were infected by contact with HIV positive men, 9 of whom were addicts, 3 bisexual, 2 African, 3 with multiple partners, and 1 hemophiliac. 11 men were infected by contact with HIV positive women, 5 of whom were addicts, 4 African, and 2 with multiple partners. 303 of the subjects probably were infected within Languedoc-Roussillon. 100 of the subjects were not employed, of whom 60% were addicts. 38.3% of the homosexuals vs. 9.8% of the addicts had a history of or positive culture for syphilis. 33.3% of the addicts vs. 7.8% of the homosexuals had a history of hepatitis. Ages of the 52 AIDS patients ranged from 23 to 76 and averaged 39.2 years. The HIV positive subjects were 28.7 years on average. Among the notable observations were the increased proportion of intravenous drug users in the recently infected, which has led to a lowering of the average age and an increased proportion of women among patients. The increased representation of heterosexuals among the infected will lead to increased danger of infection for the general population.
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PMID:[Aspects of human immunodeficiency virus infection in Languedoc-Roussillon]. 307 85

The prevalence of HIV antibodies, as well as evidence of hepatitis B, syphilis, and Chagas' disease, was tested in 87 male and 13 female clients of a church-funded medical clinic in Rio de Janeiro who often donated blood to commercial blood banks. 5 individuals were seropositive for HIV, 2 homosexuals, 1 bisexual, and 2 heterosexuals. 21 had evidence of hepatitis B, including 2 with HBsag antibodies. 13 tested positive for syphilis, and 5 were positive for T. cruzi (Chagas' disease). The high incidence of positive tests for hepatitis B and Chagas' disease was possibly due to donation by plasmapheresis, which has been suspected to cause outbreaks of non-A, non-B hepatitis and malaria in this area. The practice of selling contaminated blood to unsuspecting recipients should be prevented no matter how high the cost.
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PMID:HIV antibodies in beggar blood donors in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 314 88

In order to ensure adequate reduction of risks of contamination in dental practice, potential pathogens should be known and insight should be gained into possibilities of contamination. The first part of this article presents brief descriptions of the most relevant pathogenic microorganisms such as the causative agents of tuberculosis, gonorrhoea, syphilis, herpes simplex, hepatitis, AIDS and legionnaires' disease. Possibilities of contamination in dental practice are considered next, with special reference to various ways in which microorganisms can be transmitted: Hand instruments. Rotating instruments, multiple-function syringe and ultrasonic scaler. Instruments used in endodontics. Hands and face. Clothing. Treatment unit. Measures that can be taken in order to minimize the risk of contamination will be discussed in Part II.
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PMID:Hygiene in dental practice--Part I: Potential pathogens and possibilities of contamination. 327 48

A yeast-derived recombinant DNA vaccine against hepatitis B was administered to 314 active homosexual men lacking serum markers for hepatitis B virus. Volunteers were vaccinated intramuscularly in the deltoid region at 0, 1, and 6 months with either a 20- or 40-micrograms dose per injection. Serologic tests for syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus were positive in 3.2% and 2.0%, respectively. The overall seroconversion rates for anti-HBs were 35%, 97%, and 98% after the first, second, and third injection, respectively. The geometric mean titres of anti-HBs antibodies at 7 months were 955 IU/l and 2541 IU/l, for the 20 and 40 micrograms doses, respectively. Among 183 completely vaccinated subjects, 97% had an anti-HBs titre greater than 10 IU/l. Tolerance of the vaccine was excellent. Among the 183 subjects followed up for at least 7 months, two volunteers developed HBsAg and anti-HBc within one month of the first vaccine injection and one anti-HBc just before the third dose of vaccine. However, no subject experienced clinical hepatitis or ALT elevations.
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PMID:Immunogenicity and tolerance of a yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine in homosexual men. 331 52

Inoculation of Treponema pallidum during intimate physical contact is followed by development of a papule that rapidly erodes, yielding the syphilitic chancre. Hematogenous dissemination results in secondary syphilis, a multisystem disease characterized by skin rash, lymph node enlargement, hepatitis, arthritis, and central nervous system involvement. In the absence of treatment, a latent period is reached after which tertiary syphilis may appear in an increasing proportion of patients, depending upon the duration of the follow-up.
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PMID:Syphilis. 333 90

The specificity and clinical relevance of nine antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) - anti-M1 to anti-M9 - are described. All nine AMA types react with antigens which are associated either with inner (M1, M2, M7) our outer mitochondrial membranes (M3, M4, M5, M6, M8, M9) derived from rat liver or beef heart mitochondria. These antigens can be clearly distinguished by their different physical and chemical properties. Anti-M1 to anti-M9 can be related to distinct clinical entities: anti-M1, anti-M5, and anti-M7 are found in nonhepatic disorders, such as syphilis (anti-M1), undefined collagen diseases (anti-M5), and some forms of cardiac diseases (anti-M7). Anti-M3 and anti-M6 are detected in drug-induced disorders, such as phenopyrazon-induced pseudolupus syndrome (PLE; anti-M3) and iproniazid-induced hepatitis (anti-M6). Anti-M2, anti-M4, anti-M8, and anti-M9 are confined to primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Anti-M2 is a specific marker for the diagnosis of PBC; 96% of PBC patients (n = 752) were anti-M2 positive. Anti-M4 and anti-M8 seem to reflect disease activity. Anti-M9 antibodies occur preferentially in early PBC. The clinical course of PBC was analyzed with respect to four different AMA profiles: profile A: only anti-M9 positive in the ELISA; profile B: anti-M9 and anti-M2 positive in the ELISA; profile C: anti-M2 positive in ELISA and complement fixation test (CFT), but anti-M4 and anti-M8 positive only in the ELISA; and profile D: anti-M2, anti-M4, anti-M8 positive in ELISA and CFT. Patients with profile A and B were found to have a rather benign course while those patients with profile C and D showed a rather progressive course when followed over a period of 6-15 years. Considering the similarities between bacterial and mitochondrial membranes, it is suggested that the formation of AMA of different specificities in PBC, especially of the anti-M2 type, may be induced by cross-reacting antigens.
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PMID:Mitochondrial antigens and autoantibodies: from anti-M1 to anti-M9. 353 95

A case of secondary syphilitic hepatitis is reported. A 49-year old woman was admitted for weight-loss, fever, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Diagnosis of syphilitic hepatitis was based on cholestasis associated with positive serologic tests for syphilis without other immunological disturbances. Biopsy of the liver showed a moderate infiltration in and around the portal tracts. Immunofluorescence study for treponema was negative. Rapid improvement was obtained with penicillin initially associated with steroid therapy. Liver involvement in secondary syphilis is characterized by anicteric cholestasis, an inflammatory syndrome, and periportal infiltrate inconstantly associated with centrilobular necrosis, granulomatous reaction and presence of treponemas in the lesions. Due to the increasing frequency of sexually transmitted diseases, this diagnosis could become more frequent.
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PMID:[Hepatic involvement in secondary syphilis]. 355 64


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